Abstract: The invention concerns novel pesticidal esters of the pyrethrin or pyrethroid type in which the methylene group bonded to the ester carbonyl and/or ester oxygen bears a fluorine substituent. The compounds of the invention are active against insect pests including flies, moths, aphids and beetles and acarina pests including ticks.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, hydroxyl or functionalized hydroxyl; Y is halogen, hydroxyl or alkoxy; R.sup.1 is a carboxylic acid group and ester thereof and amide derivative thereof or cyano; and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, a hydrocarbon, a heterocycle, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester, a carboxylic acid amide derivative, acyl, cyano, isocyano or an optionally substituted imine of the formula --CH.dbd.NZ or --N.dbd.CH.sub.2 wherein Z is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, sulphonyl, --SR.sup.a, sulphoxide --SR.sup.a, or sulphonate --SR.sup.a wherein R.sup.a is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or aryl, are useful as intermediates for the ultimate production of penicillins or cephalosporins.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is chlorine or --CH.sub.2 --CCl.sub.3, andR.sub.2 is --N(R.sub.3)R.sub.4, --OH.N(R.sub.3)(R.sub.4)R.sub.5 or --OR.sub.6,R.sub.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl which can be interrupted once or several times by oxygen,R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl, with R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together having at least 8 C atoms,R.sub.6 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 alkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.15 alkylphenyl, a group of the formula --(A)R.sub.7 or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --N(R.sub.10)--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O--C(O)--CH(R.sub.1)CH.sub.2 CCl.sub.3, whereinR.sub.7 is a radical of the formula --(R.sub.8)C(R.sub.9)--O--C(O)--CH(R.sub.1)--CH.sub.2 --CCl.sub.3, whereinR.sub.8 and R.sub.9 independently of one another are hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, and R.sub.1 has the meaning defined above,A is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two radicals R.sub.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X and Y are independently selected from cyano and alkoxycarbonyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkoxy group, and Q, R and Z are independently selected from chlorine and bromine provided that Q is always bromine when either Z or R is bromine. The compounds are useful as chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and esters are disclosed, having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A=CF.sub.3 --C.tbd.C--; ##STR2## X=H, F, Cl, Br; Y=Cl, Br; R=H, alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4Compounds of formula I are intermediates for the preparation of insecticide compounds of the pyrethroid type.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-substituted thiophenes which involves cyclization of a novel intermediate, avoids the use of previously employed expensive starting materials. The thiophenes are useful for the preparation of penicillins and cephalosporins.The process is for the preparation of a thiophene of formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 represents a carboxylic acid group, or an ester or amide thereof or a nitrile group; R.sup.2 represents a group suitable for use as an .alpha.-substituent in the side-chain of a penicillin or cephalosporin; which comprises treating a compound of formula (II): ##STR2## wherein X represents halogen or optionally functionalized hydroxyl, Y represents halogen, hydroxyl, or alkoxy; with a source of nucleophilic sulphur under basic conditions.

Abstract: Alkyl perfluoro-.omega.-fluoroformyl esters are provided which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, andn is 0-6 (preferably 0).compounds where n is 0 are prepared by contacting SO.sub.3 with a compound of the formula ROOC--CF.sub.2 --CF.sub.2 --OR.sup.1. Compounds where n is 1-6 are prepared by contacting a compound where n is 0 with hexafluoropropylene oxide.

Abstract: Saturated vicinal esters produced by reacting olefins with carboxylic acid and anhydrides thereof in the presence of oxygen and a vanadium- or ruthenium-containing catalyst.

Abstract: Monoolefins and diolefins are converted to corresponding esters in a process by contacting together at least one monoolefin, diolefin or mixture thereof, oxygen, at least one iodosoaryl dicarboxylate and at least one carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride or mixture thereof.

Abstract: Process for preparing an organic compound of the formula R.sup.2 R.sup.2 CFC(O)R.sup.3, which process comprises contacting and reacting in a reaction mixture which includes an inert solvent, at a temperature of -40.degree. C. to -100.degree. C., ROF and ##STR1## R is polyfluoroperhaloalkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms or FOCF.sub.2 ; R.sup.1 is hydrocarbyl of 1-6 carbon atoms;each R.sup.2 is selected from H, alkyl of 1-17 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-6 carbon atoms, aryl, heteroaryl and such alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl substituted by halogen or alkoxy of 1-6 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 is selected from H, alkyl and haloalkyl of 1-16 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 3-10 carbon atoms, aryl and haloaryl, OSi(R.sup.1).sub.3, OH, NH.sub.2, alkoxy of 1-6 carbon atoms, aryloxy, NHR.sup.1 and NR.sup.1.sub.2 wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms, N-arylamino and nitrogen or sulfur heterocyclic of 4-5 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 and one R.sup.2 taken together is a diradical which with the C.dbd.

Abstract: Novel isothiouronium salts are herein described which correspond to the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are each independently hydrocarbyl or inertly-substituted hydrocarbyl of at least 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 are each independently alkyl or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are joined to form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; n is 0 or 1; and A.sup..crclbar. is an inert neutralizing anion. The isothiouronium salts are surprisingly effective dispersing agents and are used in forming electrodepositable latexes.

Abstract: A fluorinated polyether is synthesized by (1) reacting perfluoroglutryl chloride and 1,5-hexafluoropentane diol to provide a fluorinated polyester and (2) converting ester groups of the polyester to ether groups by SF.sub.4 reduction. The product obtained is a thermally stable polyether which is particularly useful in providing an elastomeric material for aircraft fuel tank sealants, tire valves, O-rings, hose, gaskets, and the like.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a uranium compound, an alkali metal ion, and a halide, is effective to convert conjugated dienes in carboxylic acid media to diacyloxy olefins.

Abstract: The compound of the formula: ##STR1## is useful as an intermediate to prepare a compound having the generic formula ##STR2## wherein X is selected from groups to provide tetrahydropyran type compounds, 1,4 dioxane type compounds or tetrahydrofuran type compounds, and R is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal, NH.sub.4.sup.+, NH(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3.sup.+, and lower alkyl, branched or straight chain, with up to about C.sub.20 in the chain, useful as a detergent builder.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising a titanium compound, an alkali metal ion, and a halide, is effective for the conversion of conjugated diolefins to diacyloxy olefins.

Abstract: Conjugated dienes or monoolefins are converted to diesters in a process utilizing a catalyst system comprising an alkali metal compound and a sulfur source comprising elemental sulfur or a sulfur halide, optionally with a halide source, in carboxylic acid media.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a novel process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds may be converted into the acid or salt forms of cis and trans aconitic acids as well as into a racemic mixture of isocitric acid, alloisocitric acid and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid and their salts. All of the acid and salt forms produced are useful as metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. The novel polyfunctional compounds can also be saponified to their corresponding alkali metal salts which, in turn, are also metal ion sequestering agents and detergent builders. The polyfunctional compounds are the reaction products obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: Surface-active products containing a highly fluorinated aliphatic substituent are prepared by nucleophilic attack of an oligomer of tetrafluoroethylene with an organic hydroxy compound in association with a proton acceptor.

Abstract: A fluorinated acyl fluoride having an ester group which has the formulaFOC(CF.sub.2).sub.n-1 CO.sub.2 Rwherein n is 2 to 4 and R represents an alcohol residual group is produced by reacting a perfluorolactone having the formula ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 2 to 4, with an alcohol having the formulaROHwherein R represents an alcohol residual group.

Abstract: Novel methods for preparing polycarboxylic compounds which are useful as metal sequestrants and food acidulants are disclosed. These compounds are aconitic and a mixture of aconitic acid, and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid. The compounds can be neutralized to the corresponding salts which, in turn, are metal sequestering agents. The novel methods include chlorination of propane-1,1,2,3-tetracarboxyalic tetraesters.

Abstract: Novel polyfunctional compounds and a novel process for their preparation are disclosed. These compounds may be converted into the acid or salt forms of cis and trans aconitic acids as well as into a racemic mixture of isocitric acid, alloisocitric acid and the lactones of isocitric acid and alloisocitric acid and their salts. All of the acid and salt forms produced are useful as metal sequestrants and/or detergent builders. The novel polyfunctional compounds can also be saponified to their corresponding alkali metal salts which, in turn, are also metal ion seqestering agents and detergent builders. The polyfunctional compounds are the reaction products obtained from the reaction of selected salts of monoalkyl esters of maleic acid with selected active hydrogen containing compounds.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein --OR.sub.1, --OR.sub.2, --OR.sub.3 and --OR.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each represents a free or esterified hydroxyl group and --COOR.sub.5 represents a free or esterified carboxyl group, are provided together with processes for their production and pharmaceutical compositions containing them. Compounds of formula II and III possess valuable cicatrizing and anti-inflammatory properties.

Abstract: 3.alpha.-Hydroxy and 3.alpha.-acyloxy- .DELTA..sup.9(11) -5.alpha.-D-homo-20-ketopregnenes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or acyl, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl, are produced by esterifying a corresponding 3.beta.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-20-keto pregnane of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the values given above, with m-iodo-benzoic acid with inversion of the 3.beta.-oxy group to a 3.alpha.-oxy group; chlorinating the thus-produced 3.alpha.-m-iodobenzoyl ester with dichloroiodobenzene under irradiation; and treating the reaction product with a dehydrohalogenating silver salt. Optionally thereafter, the 3.alpha.-iodobenzoyl group is split off in a conventional manner to produce the corresponding 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroid and optionally the thus-produced 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroid is esterified to produce a desired 3-ester thereof.

Abstract: Homopolymers and copolymers of glycidyl esters are made by reacting the acids to be esterified with the corresponding polymer of tert.-alkyl glycidyl ether under substantially anhydrous conditions and in the presence of a strong acid catalyst, preferably a sulfonic acid. The reaction proceeds satisfactorily at about 100.degree.14 150.degree. C with displacement of the tert.-alkyl group by the acyl group of the acid and evolution of tert.-olefin. By use of the appropriate proportion of reactant acid and/or appropriate reaction time, any desired proportion of the glycidyl groups can be esterified.

Abstract: A synergistic catalytic effect is realized in the esterification reaction between an organic carboxylic acid and a vicinal epoxide by using a catalyst system comprising: (a) a compound containing an amino and/or ammonium nitrogen atom, in combination with (b) a soluble compound containing an ionizable atom of iron or chromium.

Abstract: Compositions are provided as well as methods for preparing the compositions which serve as cyclization precursors for the preparation of C-11 alkenyl substituted steroids and nor-steroids. The alkenyl group may be converted after cyclization to a variety of heterosubstituents to provide heterofunctionalized C-11 steroids and nor-steroids. The compounds are provided having an initiator group, which has a chalcoxy atom in juxtaposition to a double bond, an olefinically unsaturated linking group and a terminating group which acts to from a carbocation which reacts with a nucleophile to provide a stable product. The C-11 substituent is found to provide upon cyclization the alpha-configuration, so that the subject compounds provide a direct route to the difficultly accessible alpha-C-11 substituted steroids, or, if desired, the alpha-configuration can be inverted to the beta-configuration.

Abstract: Adducts of trichloromethane phosphonic dichloride and olefinically unsaturated compounds having the general ##STR1## WHEREIN Q designates: A. (C R"R'" -- C R R').sub.nwherein R and R', which may be the same or different, each designatesH, alkyl or flourine;R" designates H, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, carbalkoxy, carboxy, acyloxy-methylene, acyloxy propylene, acetoxy, alkoxy, sulfonyl-alkyl or sulfonyl-aryl and R'" designates H, alkyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or R and R" form together a ring system, and n is an integer of from 1 to about 500;B. (CH.sub.2 CR.sup.IV .dbd. CR.sup.V CH.sub.2).sub.mwherein R.sup.IV and R.sup.V, which may be the same or different, each designates hydrogen, methyl or chlorine, and m is an integer of from 1 to about 200.

Abstract: Adducts of trichloromethane phosphonic dichloride and olefinically unsaturated compounds having the general formula ##STR1## WHEREIN Q designates: A. (C R"R'"--C R R').sub.nwherein R and R', which may be the same or different, each designatesH, alkyl or flourine;R" designates H, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, cyano, carbalkoxy, carboxy, acyloxy-methylene, acyloxy propylene, acetoxy, alkoxy, sulfonyl-alkyl or sulfonyl-aryl and R'" designates H, alkyl, fluorine, chlorine or bromine, or R and R" form together a ring system, and n is an integer of from 1 to about 500;B. (CH.sub.2 CR.sup.IV .dbd. CR.sup.V CH.sub.2).sub.mwherein R.sup.IV and R.sup.V, which may be the same or different, each designates hydrogen, methyl or chlorine, and m is an integer of from 1 to about 200.