Abstract: This process is concerned with the reductive coupling of .alpha.-halo ethers and/or .alpha.-halo esters to make ethylene glycol derivatives by carrying out the reductive coupling process in the presence of an iron compound having iron in an oxidation state of zero.

Abstract: A solvent comprising at least one aromatic hydrocarbon and/or halogenated paraffin is used in a liquid extraction process for extracting diesters from mixtures comprising diesters, the corresponding monoesters and acids, diols and water.

Abstract: Described is a genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein Z represents carbinol having the structure: ##STR2## or carboxaldehyde having the structure: ##STR3## and wherein R represents 3-heptanyl or phenyl produced by (i) reacting a carboxylic acid with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol to form the compound wherein Z represents carbinol; (ii) and then, if desired, subsequently reacting the resulting alcohol to form an aldehyde; and organoleptic uses of such compounds in the field of perfumery, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g. perfumed polymers, or solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or switterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, drier-added fabric softener articles, hair preparations, hair sprays, bath preparations and the like).

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of triacetin consisting essentially of continuously charging liquid glycerol into a first liquid reaction area through which acetic acid vapors and water vapors flow, said liquid reaction area being divided into a number of separate individual areas through which liquid glycerol and liquid acetin reaction products flow in one direction and gaseous acetic acid and water flow in a countercurrent direction, continuously charging acetic acid vapor to a separate individual area where said liquid mixture has an OH number of less than 600, continuously separating a liquid mixture of acetins and water having an OH number of less than 600, continuously passing said liquid mixture into a second liquid reaction area, continuously adding thereto liquid acetic acid anhydride in an amount sufficient to react with water dissolved in said liquid mixture to form acetic acid and to react with monoacetin and diacetin present to form triacetin and continuously recovering triacetin.

Abstract: Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate are hydrocarboxylated with tertiary organo-phosphine stabilized palladium catalysts utilizing low water concentration; the ready hydrolysis of the .alpha.-acetoxypropionic acid affords a convenient route to lactic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to an esterification process employing as a heterogeneous catalyst an inorganic oxide, e.g. silica, to which there is bonded by reaction with surface hydroxyl groups a sulphonic acid-functionalized silane.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethylidene diacetate by hydrogenating acetic anhydride in the presence of a heterogeneous palladium catalyst and a silica-alumina material.

Abstract: Described is a genus of compounds defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein Z represents carbinol having the structure: ##STR2## or carboxaldehyde having the structure: ##STR3## and wherein R represents 3-heptanyl or phenyl produced by (i) reacting a carboxylic acid with 2,2-dimethyl-1,3--propanediol to form the compound wherein Z represents carbinol; (ii) and then, if, desired, subsequently reacting the resulting alcohol to form an aldehyde; and organoleptic uses of such compounds in the field of perfumery, colognes and perfumed articles (e.g. perfumed polymers, or solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, drier-added fabric softener articles, hair preparations, hair sprays, bath preparations and the like).

Abstract: The object of the present invention is a novel and simple process for the production of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerols, wherein the acyl groups may be the same or different. According to the invention D-mannitol is reacted with benzene boronic acid or a derivative thereof to form a D-mannitol-monobenzeneboronate which compound is acylated either to form, after removal of the benzeneboronate protective group, a 1,2,5,6-tetraacyl-D-mannitol with four identical acyl groups, or is acylated selectively in two stages, by first acylating the 1,6-hydroxy groups of the boronate protected D-mannitol to form, after removal of the boronate protection, a 1,6-diacyl-D-mannitol, which then is repeatedly reacted with a benzene boronic acid or a derivative thereof and then acylated in the 2- and 5-positions.

Abstract: Certain polyoxybutylene-polyoxyethylene block copolymers and their mono or diesters are useful in a diet as hypocholesterolaemic agents.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of ethylidene diacetate by hydrogenating acetic anhydride in the presence of a ruthenium on alumina catalyst and methyl iodide.

Abstract: The present invention describes the use of particular partial esters of pentaerythritol as agents for lowering the viscosity of polyvinyl chloride resin materials.

Abstract: Described for use in foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products flavor and aromas, smoking tobacco flavor and aroma and perfume, cologne and perfumed article aroma augmenting, modifying, enhancing and imparting compositions and as foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, tobacco, perfume and perfumed article and cologne aroma imparting materials is 1-n-butoxy-1-ethanol acetate having the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: The invention relates to polyethers having an an average molecule weight of 3000 to 5000 and having a propylene oxide proportion of 60 to 80% and an ethylene oxide proportion of 20 to 40%. Also included in the invention are compositions containing said polyethers and methods for the use of said polyethers and compositions, particularly for their anti-lipidaemic effect.

Abstract: Acetic anhydride is reacted with hydrogen to produce ethylidene diacetate by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a catalyst comprising a molybdenum-nickel or a tungsten-nickel co-catalyst component and in the presence of an iodide and a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and the nitrogen are trivalent.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with improving ethylene glycol ester production from the reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a homogeneous liquid phase mixture containing a ruthenium carbonyl complex catalyst and acyl compound by maintaining the combined concentration of methyl ester, ethylene glycol ester and water in the reaction medium at less than about 30 volume percent. In a preferred embodiment, a continuous process is operated in such a manner that the methyl ester, ethylene glycol ester and water products are removed from the reactor so as to maintain their total volume concentration in the reaction medium at less than about 30 percent.

Abstract: Ethylidene diacetate is prepared by treating methyl acetate and/or dimethyl ether with carbon monoxide and hydrogen by the use of a molybdenum-nickel or tungsten-nickel co-catalyst, in the presence of an iodide and in the presence of a promoter comprising an organo-phosphorus compound or an organo-nitrogen compound wherein the phosphorus and nitrogen are trivalent and in the presence of an iodide.

Abstract: A method of preparing polyether polyols in the 200-1000 molecular weight range by modifying a polyol initiator with an epoxy resin and one or more alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols may be used in preparing rigid isocyanurate foams with improved compressability and flammability properties.

Abstract: Organic esters, to be employed to make up lubricating compositions are disclosed, said esters being the products of the reaction between a diol and a triol, on the one hand, and a mixture of saturated monocarboxylic acids, on the other hand. The ratios of the diol to the triol (molarly) and the structure and number of carbon atoms of the saturated monocarboxylic acids are critical. Critical values are given, as well as examples of practical use; the viscosity and viscosity index properties of the novel esters out do those of the conventional esters to a degree.

Abstract: The modification of polyether polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols of 2000 to 7000 molecular weight produce flexible polyurethane foams that have higher load bearing properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The ability of a modified polyol to make a higher load bearing foam is related to the position in the polyol chain the epoxy resin is added.

Abstract: A process for completing the esterification of aliphatic carboxylic acids of 1 to 8 carbon atoms with aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols of 3 to 10 carbon atoms at the boiling point of the alcohol in a column operated with bottom heating, the lower space of the column being free from fitments, the middle space being provided with a packing and the upper space being provided with a packing or other fitments, in which process the water of esterification is driven off at the top of the column by azeotropic distillation, the starting mixture is fed into the side of the column from 5 to 10 m above the liquid level, the ester formed is taken off as liquid from the column bottom, and the column is operated with flooding such that the liquid level is from 6 to 10 m, with the liquid mixture filling the lower column space, which is free from fitments, and the lower part of the packed layer above the said space.

Abstract: Synthetic polyol ester fluids useful as lubricants or hydraulic fluids have been prepared by the esterification of ethylene-methyl formate telomerization products with polyols containing from two to about six hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Monoesters of symmetrical dicarboxylic acids and symmetrical diols are prepared in high yield by reacting a diacid or a diol with a monohydric alcohol or monocarboxylic acid, respectively, in an aqueous solution. The resultant monoester is removed from the aqueous solution immediately after its formation by continuous extraction with a nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: Propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol diesters are prepared by reacting dichloropropyl ethers with a carboxylic acid salt, e.g., sodium acetate, and the corresponding carboxlyic acid, e.g., acetic acid. The by-product sodium chloride is insoluble in the acetic acid and easily separated from the reaction mixture. The diesters can be hydrolyzed to their respective glycols.

Abstract: This invention concerns a two-step process for the preparation of ethylene from mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (commonly known as synthesis gas) by reaction of said carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixtures with a carboxylic acid in the presence of one or more ruthenium catalyst complexes to form an ethyl ester of said carboxylic acid coreactant, followed by pyrolysis of said ethyl ester intermediate to ethylene.

Abstract: This invention concerns the improved preparation of glycol esters, such as ethylene glycol diesters, by reaction of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium or osmium-containing catalyst and a liquid phase medium containing a carboxylic acid co-reactant. The improvement which comprises the invention here also involves use of a co-catalyst species selected from the group consisting of one or more alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, iminium salts and quaternary aliphatic phosphonium salts.

Abstract: An alcohol is produced from a compound having an alkenyl group by a hydroformylation of said compound having an alkenyl group in a substantially water immiscible solvent in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst which is soluble in said solvent and a hydrogenation of the reaction mixture in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.Water is added at a ratio of 0.5 to 30 times by weight base on an aldehyde produced by said hydroformylation before said hydrogenation, and an organic phase containing the hydroformylation catalyst component is separated from a water phase containing the alcohol produced by said hydrogenation and said organic phase is recycled into said hydroformylation.The compound having an alkenyl group is an aliphatic olefin, a hydroxyolefin, and olefin ether or an olefin ester and the corresponding saturated alcohol having one more carbon atom is produced.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of butenediol diacetate by reacting butadiene with oxygen and acetic acid or with a compound which liberates acetic acid under the reaction conditions, over a solid catalyst which contains a platinum metal and one or more elements of main group 5 or 6, in the presence of butanediol diacetate, butanediol monoacetate, butanediol or a mixture of these, and the use of the butenediol diacetate, thus obtained, to prepare butane-1,4-diol by hydrogenating and then hydrolyzing the diacetate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of bromoalkyl esters and vicinal glycol esters which comprises thermally decomposing at temperatures of from 100.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. a bis(2-bromoalkyl)tellurium dicarboxylate compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein at least one R is hydrogen or R is a methyl group and R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in the presence of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid selected from formic, acetic, propionic or butyric acid employed as solvent and to facilitate solvolysis in the reaction to give in addition to the bromoalkyl ester, the vicinal glycol ester. An inert acetonitrile solvent may be employed alone to give predominately the bromoalkyl ester or an admixture with the acid may be employed. Oxygen is preferably employed with the carboxylic acid solvent to provide an increase in the mole ratio of vicinal glycol ester to the bromoalkyl ester produced.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-bromoalkyl esters and vicinal glycol esters which comprises thermally decomposing at temperatures of from 100.degree. C. to 200.degree. C. an organic bromoalkyl tellurium compound selected from 2-bromoalkyltellurium tribromide or bis(2-bromoalkyl)tellurium dibromide, wherein the alkyl group is ethyl, propyl or butyl, in a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms which is employed as solvent as well as to supply the ester moiety to the esters produced. The esters may be converted to the respective glycol with water or an aqueous base.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of polybutylene glycol carboxylic acid diesters of the formulaR--CO--O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --O).sub.n CO--R.sup.1by polymerizing pretreated tetrahydrofuran in the presence of one or more carboxylic acids and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides and of a polymerization catalyst, especially antimony pentachloride or a bleaching earth containing less than 3% by weight of water, wherein the tetrahydrofuran is treated with a strong mineral acid, an organic sulfonic acid, silica gel and/or a bleaching earth prior to the polymerization.

Abstract: A process for esterifying terminal hydroxyl groups of a polyoxyalkylene compound comprising one or more ring opened tert.-butyl or tert.-amyl glycidyl ether groups, without removing a significant portion of these tert.-alkyl ether groups. The process is conducted by contacting the polyoxyalkylene compound with an organic, carboxylic acid or anhydride in the liquid phase, in the presence of a small but catalytically effective amount of a Lewis base.

Abstract: Oxidation of methyl benzenes with air or oxygen to form a phenolic acetate and formaldehyde or methylene diacetate may be carried out in the presence of acetic acid, phosphorus pentoxide, benzaldehyde and an acid catalyst. The resulting acetates may then be pyrolyzed to yield phenolic compounds and formaldehyde, respectively.

Abstract: Diacetoxybutane is prepared by a process for hydrogenating diacetoxybutene in the presence of a supported hydrogenation catalyst comprising catalytically reacting diacetoxybutene with hydrogen continuously in an insulation reaction apparatus utilizing a fixed-bed of said hydrogenation catalyst, withdrawing the reaction effluent continuously from said reaction apparatus, circulating at least a part of said reaction effluent to said reaction apparatus while controlling the temperature of influx of said reaction apparatus at a temperature lower than the temperature of efflux from said reaction apparatus by 5.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Niobium and ruthenium salts are employed as catalyst in the reaction of oxirane compounds with carboxylic acids. The acrylate esters produced can be used in photocurable compositions.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are contacted with hydrogen in the presence of an insoluble metal hydrogenation catalyst and strong protonic acid to produce 1,1-diesters.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of a mixture of various low molecular weight hydroxyaldehydes, hydroxyketones and polyhydric alcohols by the condensation of formaldehyde with itself. The essential feature of the improvement is that unpurified synthesis gases of the kind obtained from the large scale industrial production of formaldehyde can be used directly as the source of formaldehyde.

Abstract: A composition for limiting feed supplement intake for cattle is disclosed which comprises at least one member of a group of compounds having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a hydroxyl or RB is a halogen or hydroxyl or RC is a halogen, or C is a hydroxyl in the event thatB is a halogen or C is a hydroxyl if B is also a hydroxyland A is Rwherein ##STR2## and preferably wherein R.sup.1 is a C.sub.9 -C.sub.

Abstract: Glyceryl-tri-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate is particularly suitable for use in cosmetic preparations, particularly in skin creams used for protection against harmful outside agents.

Abstract: Olefins are converted to alcohols by a one-step, hydroformylation process comprising contacting an olefin, such as 1-hexene, with a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst prepared by loading a bimetallic cluster of the formula: Rh.sub.x Co.sub.y CO.sub.12 wherein both x and y are independently integers 1-3 with the proviso that .SIGMA.(x+y)=4, onto an amine resin, such as Dowex.RTM. MWA-1.

Abstract: Polyprenyl derivatives having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyloxy group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyl group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyl group or an araliphatic acyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, n is an integer of 1-4 and, when n is an interger of 2-4, R.sup.2 's may be the same or different; provided that, when n is 1 or 2, at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 's is hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aliphatic acyloxy group, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group. These derivatives are useful as medicines for treating peptic ulcer.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid ester obtainable by reacting 6-cyclohexylhexanoic acid, optionally in combination with an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid which contains 4 to 20 C-atoms, completely or partially with a polyhydric alcohol, can be used as base lubricating oil.

Abstract: It has been found that dialkanoylacetones can be reduced to the corresponding glycerols by a rapid process using ruthenium on an inert support as the hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Process for the rinsing of dishes in dishwashing machines having one or several clear-rinsing cycles using an aqueous solution of an adduct of from 2 to 14 moles of ethylene oxide and from 0 to 7 mols of propylene oxide to the monocarboxylic acid ester of an alkanediol with a linear alkane chain of 8 to 20 carbon atoms, and having vicinal hydroxyls, as well as clear-rinsing concentrates for use in the process.

Abstract: Production of ethylene glycol diacylate by reacting ethylene, divalent mercury compound and an aliphatic acid to produce an acyloxyethylmercuric acylate and disproportionating said acyloxyethylmercuric acylate by heating in the presence of a catalytic concentration of perchloric acid to form an ethylene glycol diacylate and lactone. When the acyloxyethylmercuric acylate is acyloxyethylmercuric acetate, the disproportionation produces gamma-butyrolactone as the lactone.

Abstract: Benzylidene diacetate may be converted to phenyl acetate and methylene diacetate by an acid-catalyzed reaction in the presence of oxygen or air, and acetic anhydride, at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing esters by reacting an olefin with an acid in the presence of oxygen and a catalyst system, the improvement consisting in that the catalyst system is a compound of tin or cerium, used in the presence of iodine or of a iodine-yielding compound. High productivities are achieved and no pollution problems are to be solved.

Abstract: Ester end-capped copolyether glycol is prepared by copolymerizing tetrahydrofuran and an alkylene oxide or cyclic acetal in a reaction mixture which contains, in addition to the tetrahydrofuran and alkylene oxide or cyclic acetal,(1) a polymeric catalyst which contains .alpha.-fluoro sulfonic acid groups,And(2) an acylium ion precursor such as acetic anhydride.

Abstract: A triglyceride carrying, in the .beta.-position, the anionic moiety of phosphonoacetic acid has been found to exhibit excellent activity against viral infections caused by a herpes virus.

Abstract: Fungus and mold growth in crops and organic matter are inhibited by the use of bis-carboxylic acid esters and compositions thereof. In a preferred embodiment, crops and animal feedstuffs are preserved during storage by applying a microbiocidal amount of a mono-, di or trioxymethylene, or lower alkylidene bis-alkanoate, or a mixture thereof.