Abstract: Compounds having formula (I) in which n is 1, 2 or 3 and R1 to R6 represent, independently, branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkinyl-, cycloalkyl-, cycloalkenyl- or aromatic-radicals or hydrogen wherein these radicals may in addition contain one or more —O— and/or (a)—groups, whereby one or two rings can be built by the combination of the respective R1 to R6 and this/these ring(s) can be further substituted by an alkyl-group, in which X is either O and R7 represents a radical of an alcohol or phenol R7OH, or X is N and R7 represents the radical of an amine R7′R7″NH, whereby R7′ and R7″ represent independently, branched or unbranched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl-, alkenyl-, alkinyl-, cycloalkyl-, cycloalkenyl- or aromatic radicals or either R7′R7″ may be hydrogen, whereby the amine is a fragrant amine or the amine has more than 9 C atoms, whereby R7 of the alcohol or phenol and R7′ and/or R7″ of the a

Abstract: A novel 3-aryl-2-hydroxypropionic acid derivative, a process and intermediate for its manufacture, pharmaceutical prepartions containing it and the use of the compound in clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided normal modified forms of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Modified NSAIDs according to the invention provide a new class of anti-inflammatory agent which provide the therapeutic benefits of NSAIDs while causing a much lower incidence of side-effects then typically observed with such agents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I.

Abstract: Benzenoid HETE derivatives and methods of their use for treating dry eye are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to new fluoromethoxyacrylic acid derivatives, a process for their preparation and their use as pesticides, as well as to new intermediates and a plurality of processes for their preparation. It has already been disclosed that certain fluoromethoxyacrylic acid derivatives which are similar in constitution to the compounds described below have fungicidal properties (compare, for example, WO 9517376). The fungicidal action of these compounds, however, is unsatisfactory in many cases.

Abstract: Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives of the formula: wherein R1, R2, Xn and A are as defined herein, and a process for preparing the derivatives. The derivatives are used as herbicides.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein either X is CH or N, Y is OR1 and Z is O, or X is N, Y is NHR8 and Z is O, S or S(═O); R1, R2 and R3 are as defined according to the specification; m is 0, 1 or 2; R5 is, for example, halogen, C1-C6alkyl, halo-C1-C6alkyl or C3-C6cycloalkyl; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; R9 is methyl, fluoromethyl or difluoromethyl; A and R7 are as defined according to the specification; D is O, S, —S(═O) or S(═O)2; G is C1-C6aalkylene; T—R6 is R6, —C(═N—O—A1—R77)—R6; —SiR14(R15)—R6; —C(═O)—R6; —C(R16)═C(R17)—R6, —C≡C—R6 or —D—R6; R6 is C1-C4alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted aryl or heteroaryl; A1 and R77 are as defined above for A and R7; L is U—R18, P(OR)vR11R12, P(S)wR11R12 or N(aryl)R13; v and w are 0 or 1; U—R18 is —C(═O)—C(═O)—R18; —C(OH)—C(OH)—R18; —C(═N&md

Abstract: A pressure process for preparing a hydroxyalkyl ester monomer and oligomer that can be used to prepare a polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is disclosed. The process includes the steps of reacting, by ethoxylation, dicarboxylic acid and alkylene oxide in the presence of a compressed gas medium to form a specified mixture of monohydroxyalkyl ester and bishydroxyalkyl ester. The reaction pressure is such that the density of the gas medium is greater than or equal to half the critical density of the compressed gas medium. The mole ratio of the alkylene oxide to the dicarboxylic acid is less than about 2:1, and preferably 1.1:1.2. The DP of all reaction products is less than 5. The reactant product may be polymerized into a polyester. The process may optionally employ catalysts such as amines or amino acids. The compressed gas medium can be a solvent and an optional cosolvent. The temperature of reaction is from about 100° C. to 240° C. at a pressure of 50-5000 psi.

Abstract: The compound of the present invention (R)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-phenylethyl)-hexanoic acid is an intermediate in the preparation of the anti-AIDS compound, [R-(R*,R*)]-N-[3-[1-5,6-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-(2-phenylethyl)-6-propyl-2H-pyran-3-yl]propyl]phenyl]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinesulfonamide.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-aralkyl-3-hydroxypropionic acid (or its ester), comprising the steps of: reacting a 3-hydroxy-2-methylene-3-arylpropionic acid ester, easily obtained by the reaction of an arylaldehyde with an acrylic acid ester, with an acid anhydride to form a 2-aralkylidene-3-acyloxypropionic acid ester; subjecting the same to hydrolysis or alcoholysis; and reducing the resulting 2-aralkylidene-3-hydroxypropionic acid or its ester. The reduction step may be conducted in the presence of a base.

Abstract: 13-Oxa analogs of certain prostaglandins and methods of their use in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active (S)-&agr;-aryl propionic acid, by hydrolyzing a racemic thioester of &agr;-aryl propionic acid at various temperature in different aqueous organic solvents in the presence of an (S)-stereoselective lipase to form an (S)-&agr;-aryl propionic acid product, while the unreacted (R)-thioester of &agr;-aryl propionic acid can be converted to the corresponding (S)-thioester of &agr;-aryl propionic acid via a racemization reaction by adding a base as the catalyst in the solution and then hydrolyzing by the lipase described as above so that the (S)-&agr;-aryl propionic acid can be obtained theoretically at a conversion of 100% and with high optical purity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silica gel supported bis-cinchona alkaloid compounds of the formula: wherein Q is dihydroquininyl or dihydroquinindinyl; X is a compound having 4 carbon atoms; and R is methoxy, ethoxy or methyl; and methods of preparation and use thereof. The silica gel supported bis-cinchona alkaloid derivatives of this invention are useful re-useable catalysts for preparing vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel class of compounds represented by formula I which are inhibitors of the PTP-1B enzyme. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treating or preventing PTP-1B mediated diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tandem process of reduction and host-guest complexation using metal-hydride complexes to reduce chemical entities bearing carbonyl groups or their equivalents, and host-guest complexation to achieve improved optical resolution of the reduction product. In the complexation step, the reduction product is optically resolved via inclusion into the crystalline complex where it resides as guest and another complex component acts as host. Additional crystallization stages are performed if further improvements in the enantiomeric excess is desired.

Abstract: A process for preparing methyl 2-(2-methylphenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate (I) by formylation of methyl 2-methylphenylacetate (II) ##STR1## in an inert solvent in the presence of a base, and subsequent methylation of the enolate III formed ##STR2## where M.sup.+ is an alkali metal cation.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted cycloalkenes of the formula (I), ##STR1## to a plurality of processes for their preparation, and to novel intermediates and a plurality of processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to 3,4-disubstituted phenylethanolaminotetralincarboxylic acid derivatives represented by the general formula: ##STR1## [wherein Q represents a vinylene group or a group represented by the general formula:-A-(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(wherein A represents an oxygen atom or a methylene group; and m is an integer of from 1 to 6); R represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; n is an integer of 1 or 2; the carbon atom marked with * represents a carbon atom in R configuration, S configuration or a mixture thereof; and the carbon atom marked with (S) represents a carbon atom in S configuration] and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which have a selective .beta..sub.2 -adrenergic receptor stimulating effect with relieved burdens on the heart such as tachycardia and are useful as an agent for the prevention of threatened abortion and premature labor, a bronchodilator and an agent for pain remission and promoting stone removal in urolithiasis.

Abstract: There is described a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I ##STR1## in which process: a) a compound of formula II ##STR2## is reacted with an organolithium compound of formula IIILi--R.sub.7 (III)b) the resulting lithium complex is reacted with a compound of formula IVY.sub.1 --CO--CO--Y.sub.1 IVto form a compound of formula V ##STR3## c) that compound is, in either order, c1) oximated with O-methylhydroxylamine; or oximated with hydroxylamine and then methylated or fluoromethylated or difluoromethylated;c2) reacted with a chloroformic acid ester.X, m, Y, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 and R.sub.7 are as defined in the description.

Abstract: A 3-alkoxypropionic ester derivative, an olefin polymerization solid catalyst component using the same, an olefin polymerization catalyst using the same, and a process for the preparation of a polyolefin using the same. The 3-alkoxypropionic ester derivative is represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 represents a branched hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention provides novel PGF analogs. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds having a structure according to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, X, Y, and Z are defined below. This invention also includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of the formula above, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, biohydrolyzable amides, esters, and imides thereof.The compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions, such as bone disorders and glaucoma. Accordingly, the invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The invention still further provides methods of treatment for bone disorders and glaucoma using theses compounds or the compositions containing them.

Abstract: Cyclobutane analogs of PGF.sub.2.alpha., PGD.sub.2, and PGE.sub.2 and methods of their use in treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially useful process for producing an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid or its ester. An optically active acyloxysuccinic anhydride is reacted with an aromatic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid to produce an optically active 2-acyloxy-4-oxo-4-arylbutyric acid. The 2-acyloxy-4-oxo-4-arylbutyric acid is converted to an optically active 2-acyloxy-4-arylbutyric acid through catalytic reduction. The 2-acyloxy-4-arylbutyric acid is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid or an alkali to produce an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid. The 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid ester.

Abstract: Compounds, methods and compositions are provided for inducing natriuresis in a mammal. Methods for isolating and synthesizing the natriuretic compounds are also provided. Therapeutic methods using the natriuretic compounds are also provided. The natriuretic compounds are capable of inducing sodium excretion in a mammal without inducing corresponding prolonged potassium excretion.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel method of producing caffeic acid in large quantities, comprising the esterification of chlorogenic acid with an esterifying enzyme. Caffeic acid and its derivatives, produced by this method, may be used in sunscreen compositions, the caffeic acid and its derivatives absorbing both uvA and uvB light.

Abstract: The invention provides novel PGF analogs. In particular, the present invention relates to compounds having a structure according to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, X, and Z are as defined. This invention also includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of the formula above, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, biohydrolyzable amides, esters, and imides thereof.The compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions, such as bone disorders and glaucoma. Accordingly, the invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The invention still further provides methods of treatment for bone disorders and glaucoma using theses compounds or the compositions containing them.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein: R.sub.1 is --(CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.n C(O)O(CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.m R.sub.6, --(CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.n C(O)NR.sub.4 (CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.m R.sub.6, (CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.n O(CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.m R.sub.6, or --(CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.r R.sub.6 : W is alkynyl or 2 carbon atoms; R.sub.3 is H or R.sub.7 ; Z is C(O)R.sub.13, (CH.sub.2).sub.0-1 C(O)OR.sub.13, (CH.sub.2).sub.0-1 C(O)NR.sub.10 R.sub.13, (CH.sub.2).sub.0-1 C(R.sub.8 R.sub.8)OR.sub.8, --NHC(O)R.sub.7, (CH.sub.2).sub.0-1 NR.sub.10 R.sub.13, NH[C(O)C(O)OR.sub.8 ], CH.sub.2 NH[C(O)CNR.sub.10 R.sub.13 ], CH.sub.2 S(O).sub.q R.sub.7, CH[S(O).sub.q R.sub.7 ].sub.2, dithiolane, (tetrazol-5-yl), thiazol-2-yl, [1,2,4]thiadiazol-5-yl, [1,3,4]oxadiazol-2-yl, imidazol-2-yl, oxazol-2-yl, or (3- or 5-oxadiazolyl[1,2,4]; R.sub.7 is --(CR.sub.4 R.sub.5).sub.q R.sub.11 or C.sub.1-6 alkyl wherein the R.sub.11 or C.sub.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel 2-hydroxypropionic acid derivative and its manufacturing method. Based on its mechanism to inhibit the CPT I, 2-hydroxypropionic acid derivative of this invention has blood glucose lowering effects so that the derivative may be effectively used as an antidiabetic agent having remarkable antidiabetic activity and fewer side effects.

Abstract: Water-borne polymeric vehicles are described where the polymeric vehicle includes the amine or ammonium salt of a phenolic ester alcohol.

Abstract: An acrylonitrile derivative expressed by the following general formula I, a composition comprising the derivative and having an improved viscosity and optical anisotropy, and a liquid crystal display device: ##STR1## wherein rings A.sup.1 to A.sup.3 represent phenylene, cyclohexylene, dioxane, or pyrimidine, R.sup.

Abstract: Stable, topically applicable cosmetic/dermatological compositions well suited for artificially tanning or browning human skin and appropriately packaged, comprise at least one dihydroxyacetone (DHA) derivative convertible into DHA and, advantageously, at least one active species for effecting such conversion.

Abstract: An .alpha.-substituted phenylacetic acid derivative useful as an agricultural fungicide, represented by general formula (I), or a salt thereof, a process for producing the same, an intermediate for the production thereof, and an agricultural fungicide containing the same as the active ingredient, wherein R.sup.1 represents halogen, alkyl, OH, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, amino or nitro; Q represents aryl, heterocycle, mono- or disubstituted methyleneamino, (substituted amino-)methyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted carbonyl or substituted sulfonyl; X represents hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or OH; Y represents OH, alkylthio or amino; Z represents oxygen or sulfur; M represents oxygen, S(O)i (i being 0, 1 or 2), NR.sup.2 (R.sup.2 being hydrogen, alkyl or acyl) or a single bond; and n represents 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: Compounds with fungicidal and insecticidal properties having formula ##STR1## wherein A is N or CH; V is O or NH; m and n are the integers 0 and 1, provided that m+n is 0 or 1;X is independently selected from hydrogen, halo, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl, and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy;R is independently selected from hydrogen, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkoxy, halo(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkynyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkoxy(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, halo(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl(C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkenyl, (C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl(C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkynyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkoxy(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkoxy(C.sub.1 -C.sub.12)alkyl(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkenyl(C.sub.3 -C.sub.7)cycloalkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.12)alkynyl(C.sub.3 -C.

Abstract: A fuel additive which comprises a compound selected from a novel amine, oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds having selected structures. The inventive additive when blended with a gasoline serves to suppress sludge or deposits in fuel intake systems or combustion chambers for example of an automobile engine.

Abstract: "One-pot" process for preparing methyl 2-(2-methylphenyl)-3-methoxypropenoate by the formylation and subsequent methylation of methyl o-tolylacetate in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent in the presence of an alkali metal base and a phase transfer catalyst. The product of the process is useful as an intermediate in the manufacture of fungicides such as those described in EP 370629.

Abstract: Disclosed is a 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidinylidene)acetate derivative suitably used for a raw material of a 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidinyl)acetate derivative and a process for manufacturing the same. Also disclosed is a process for manufacturing an optically active 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidinyl)acetate derivative which is a major intermediate for an antidepressant. The 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidinylidene)acetate derivative is manufactured by cyclizing a 7-(N-substituted amino)-3-oxo-2-heptanoate derivative. The optically active 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidinyl)acetate derivative is manufactured by asymmetrically hydrogenating the 2-phenyl-2-(2'-piperidinylidene)acetate derivative in the presence of a complex of a Group VIII transition metal or an acid.

Abstract: This invention provides alkoxy acetic acid derivatives of general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R is the residue of an amine, an aminoalcohol or a polyol linked to the or each --CHR'--CO-- moiety via an amide or ester linkage;R' is hydrogen or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group;R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group of 1 to 300 carbon atoms;one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is independently selected from hydrogen and optionally substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the other of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 being independently selected from optionally substituted hydrocarbyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms;m is from 3 to 200;n is from 0 to 20, provided that m/n is at least 1; andp is from 1 to 5; a process for their preparation; and their incorporation in additive concentrates and fuel compositions for internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A process and intermediates for preparing .alpha.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with photo cross-linkable liquid crystalline compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each represent a cross-linkable, mesogenic residue,liquid crystalline mixtures which contain such compounds and their use in the cross-linked state as optical components.

Abstract: Photocross-linkable naphthyl derivatives include compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently signify a cross-linkable group;S.sup.1 and S.sup.2 signify --(CY.sub.2).sub.m -, --O(CY.sub.2).sub.m -, --(CY.sub.2).sub.m O--, --(CY.sub.2).sub.m COO--, --(CY.sub.2).sub.m OOC--, --(Si?(CH.sub.3).sub.2 !O).sub.m -, --OCH.sub.2 (Si?(CH.sub.3).sub.2 !O).sub.m Si?(CH.sub.3).sub.2 !CH.sub.2 O-- or --NHCH.sub.2 (Si?(CH.sub.3).sub.2 !O).sub.m Si?(CH.sub.3).sub.2 !CH.sub.2 NH--;Y signifies hydrogen, fluorine or methyl;a signifies 0 or 1;b signifies 1 or 2, with the proviso that a+b=2;m signifies a whole number of 1 to 16;A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently signify 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally mono- or multiply-substituted with halogen, cyano, methyl, methoxy and/or acetyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl; andZ.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 each independently signify a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with photo cross-linkable liquid crystalline compounds in the formula ##STR1## wherein for example: A,B,C,D,E,F independently is pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diylZ.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.7 independently is --(CH.sub.2).sub.s O--, --COO--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.s COO--Z.sup.3, Z.sup.4, Z.sup.8 independently is a single bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--Z.sup.5, Z.sup.6 independently is --(CH.sub.2).sub.s --m, n, q and r independently is 0, 1 or 2;s is a whole number of 1 to 16;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 independently is CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--COO--, CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--COO--R.sup.3 is H, CH, COOC.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, CnH.sub.2n+1 ; n=1 . . . 10X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 independently is hydrogen, halogen, cyano or lower alkyl.The invention is also related to liquid crystalline mixtures and their use for electro-optical purpose.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester: ##STR1## wherein each of ##STR2## which are the same or different, is an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; A is a C.sub.3-8 linear saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may have substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, an aryl group and an aralkyl group; Q is a single bond or a group of the formula --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --SCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O-- or --CH.sub.2 S--; each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 which are the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkoxy group, or an aryl or heteroaromatic ring group which may have substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group and a lower alkoxy group; each of R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility are provided. Dioxetanes further instituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. Compositions comprising a dioxetane with two or more water-solubilizing groups, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of Formula (XX) and Formula (XXIV), shown below, and processes of making same. ##STR1## wherein p is 0 ##STR2## wherein p is 1, and Y is chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: There is described a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I ##STR1## in which process: a) a compound of formula II ##STR2## is reacted with an organolithium compound of formula IIILi--R.sub.7 (III)b) the resulting lithium complex is reacted with a compound of formula IVY.sub.1 --CO--CO--Y.sub.1 IVto form a compound of formula V ##STR3## c) that compound is, in either order, c1) oximated with O-methylhydroxylamine; or oximated with hydroxylamine and then methylated or fluoromethylated or difluoromethylated;c2) reacted with a chloroformic acid ester.X, m, Y, R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 and R.sub.7 are as defined in the description.

Abstract: A method for prerparing compounds of formula (I), wherein R is an optionally substituted alkenyl or alkynyl radical having up to 8 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted mono- or polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl radical, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are an alkyl radical having up to 4 carbon atoms. According to the method, a compound of the formula (II), wherein X is a halogen atom, is exposed to an organometallic compound of the formula (III): RZ, wherein R has the same meaning as before and Z is a metal or metal derivative. Alternatively, a compound of formula (II'), wherein Z' is a metal or metal derivative, is exposed to a compound of the formula (III'): RX', wherein X' is a nucleophilic reaction leaving group.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating cancer, particularly malignant tumors, with thyroxine analogues having no significant hormonal activity. A thyroxine analogue is administered to an afflicted mammal in an amount effective to cause depression or regression of malignant tumor growth or to treat cancer.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## and possible isomers and isomeric mixtures thereof, wherein a)X is CH.sub.2 F or CHF.sub.2 ;Y is CH andZ is OMe, orb)X is CH.sub.2 F or CHF.sub.2 ;Y is a nitrogen atom andZ is OMe or NHCH.sub.3,and wherein alsom is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 andU represents identical or different substituents selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyloxyiminomethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxyiminomethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenoxy and unsubstituted or substituted benzyl or represents substituents at two adjacent positions of the phenyl ring of formula I that define a fused hydrocarbon bridge so as to form a larger hydrocarbon ring having up to 14 carbon atoms, are suitable for controlling and preventing microorganisms, insects and Acarina on plants.