Abstract: Esterification of aromatic dicarboxylic acids with cyclic alkylene carbonates in the presence of organic compounds containing at least one six-membered aromatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moiety.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-4-alkyloxyphenyl benzoates compounds particularly well suited as sweeteners in foodstuff.

Abstract: A method for conducting transesterification reactions employing a catalyst system comprising metallic sodium and aluminum isopropoxide which provides a facile, high yield, means for producing compounds such as esters of alkyl- and alkyloxy-substituted arylamines.

Abstract: An adsorptive separation process for separating methylparaben from a feed mixture comprising methylparaben and wintergreen oil, which process comprises contacting the feed mixture with an adsorbent comprising a type X or type Y zeolite, selectively adsorbing substantially all of the methylparaben to the substantial exclusion of the wintergreen oil and thereafter recovering high-purity methylparaben. A desorption step may be used to desorb the adsorbed methylparaben. The process is carried out preferably in the liquid phase.

Abstract: Cresylic acid ethoxylation is catalyzed by basic compounds and salts of alkaline earth metals. Ethoxylates from such reactions have narrow ethylene oxide distributions, lower pour points and lower by-products as compared to alkali base catalyzed ethoxylation. Suitable catalysts include strontium-containing and barium-containing materials. The catalyst also includes co-catalyst combinations using these materials with one or more promoters including polyols, amines, amides, carboxylic acids and phenols. The co-catalyst combinations can be preformed prior to introduction into the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A cis-trans isomerization of a cis-.beta.-.gamma.-unsaturated alcohol or its ester having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; X represents hydrogen atom or ##STR2## and R.sub.2 represents a hydrocarbon moiety or a hydroxyhydrocarbon moiety; R.sub.3 represents hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon moiety into a transform, in the presence of a mercaptan as a catalyst, is provided. It can be also attained in the presence of a mercaptan and/or a disulfide as a catalyst in an inert gas environment with an initiator. It can be also attained in the presence of a mercaptan under an irradiation, if desired with a small amount of an initiator.

Abstract: The invention relates to methyl- or methoxy-substituted 2-cynnamoyloxy-benzoic acids or to cynnamylesters of methyl- or methoxy-substituted 2-hydroxybenzoic acids, endowed with an interesting antiinflammatory, analgesic and antibacterial activity; and to a process for preparing said compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aryl carboxylates is provided in which an arylmetallo carboxylate is contacted with an aryliodoso carboxylate in liquid medium to form the desired aryl carboxylate. Promoters can be employed to increase the rate of reaction and improve selectivity to the aryl carboxylate.

Abstract: Cholinesterase activity is determined by means of the choline and/or acid obtained by the action of cholinesterase on a compound of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein A represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl or alkoxy group and B represents a group of the formula --R-COO-- (in which --R-- represents an alkenyl group with 2 to 6 carbon atoms); or A represents a hydroxy group in either or both o-positions of the benzene ring or a C.sub.1-5 alkyl group and B represents a group of the formula --COO--; X represents a stabilizing anion and n represents the charge on the anion]. The method of the invention ensures a high resistance to saturation, good stability of the compounds used as substrates, a conveniently low reaction rate and a high degree of accuracy.Certain of the compounds of formula I as defined above are novel compounds which are claimed per se.Examples of the method of the present invention are given and the preparation of the novel compounds is described and exemplified.

Abstract: A catalytic aromatic salicylate process comprising contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide, a base, and a Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum, an oxidant having an oxidation potential greater than that of said selected Group VIIIB element, and recovering at least a portion of the resulting salicylate.

Abstract: Compounds, which have antispasmodic effects, represented by the following formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group or, when taken together, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent an alkylenedioxy group; R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group; R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or, when two of R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are taken together, they represent an alkylenedioxy group; and A represents a straight or branched chain alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and interrupted with an oxygen atom forming an ether bond therein, and the therapeutically useful acid-addition salts thereof; and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is perfluoroalkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-cyclobutyl,R.sub.2 and R.sub.4, which may be identical to or different from each other, are each hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aliphatic acyl of 2 to 18 carbon atoms, benzoyl, salicyloyl or phenylacetyl, andR.sub.3 and R.sub.5, which may be identical to or different from each other, are each alkyl of 3 to 18 carbon atoms, halogen, nitro, p-toluenesulfonyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclododecyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, benzyl, methylthio or ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 have the meanings previously defined,Q is --CH.sub.2 -- or --S--, andG is R.sub.5, as above defined, orQ is R.sub.3, as above defined, andG is --CH.sub.2 -- or --S--,R.sub.3 may, in addition, also be hydroxyl, methoxy, methyl or cyano, andR.sub.5 may also be methyl, orone of substituents R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: An aromatic salicylate process comprising contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide, a base, a Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum and recovering at least a portion of an aromatic salicylate. The resulting aromatic salicylates are useful in plastics and lacquers as well as in pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of aromatic ethers by the bromination of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, independently, is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkyl; m is an integer from 1-4, and A is --CHO, --COOR.sub.3 or lower alkyl, and subsequently treating the reaction product of the bromination step with an alkali metal alkoxide in the presence of cuprous halide or oxide, is described.

Abstract: Phenol ethers are prepared by reacting phenols with dialkyl carbonates in the presence of tertiary amines and/or phosphines. The aralkyl aryl ethers and alkyl aryl ethers obtained are starting materials for the manufacture of dyes, crop protection agents and scents.

Abstract: Esters of 2-substituted-5-oxo-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptenes represented by the following formula: ##STR1## where R' is --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 OH, ##STR2## where Y is either O or S, or ##STR3## where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, phenyl, or benzyl, or together R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 form an alkylene bridge having 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms; one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl, or together R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are methylene. The compounds have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities and, accordingly, are useful in the treatment of inflammation, pain and/or pyrexia.

Abstract: 3.alpha.-Hydroxy and 3.alpha.-acyloxy- .DELTA..sup.9(11) -5.alpha.-D-homo-20-ketopregnenes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or acyl, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is methyl or ethyl, are produced by esterifying a corresponding 3.beta.-hydroxy-5.alpha.-20-keto pregnane of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the values given above, with m-iodo-benzoic acid with inversion of the 3.beta.-oxy group to a 3.alpha.-oxy group; chlorinating the thus-produced 3.alpha.-m-iodobenzoyl ester with dichloroiodobenzene under irradiation; and treating the reaction product with a dehydrohalogenating silver salt. Optionally thereafter, the 3.alpha.-iodobenzoyl group is split off in a conventional manner to produce the corresponding 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroid and optionally the thus-produced 3.alpha.-hydroxy steroid is esterified to produce a desired 3-ester thereof.

Abstract: A synergistic catalytic effect is realized in the esterification reaction between an organic carboxylic acid and a vicinal epoxide by using a catalyst system comprising: (a) a compound containing an amino and/or ammonium nitrogen atom, in combination with (b) a soluble compound containing an ionizable atom of iron or chromium.

Abstract: The invention comprises the oxidation of olefins to unsaturated esters of organic acids or acetals and/or unsaturated ethers of alcohols by contacting the olefin with an organic acid or alcohol reactant in the presence of a catalyst comprising a compound of a Group VIII noble metal and a redox agent. The catalyst is maintained active by contacting it with oxygen introduced simultaneously or intermittently with the olefin or by circulating the catalyst between separate oxygen and olefin contacting zones. The oxidation can be performed under liquid phase conditions by initiating the contacting with a dissolved catalyst or can be performed under vapor phase conditions by initiating the contacting with the catalyst distended on a solid support.