Abstract: A process for manufacturing an aqueous composition of a peracid by reacting an acid anhydride with concentrated hydrogen peroxide. Preferably the aqueous peracid composition is further converted into an emulsion having improved stability wherein said emulsion contains a surfactant having an HLB above 11 and a surfactant having an HLB below 11.

Abstract: A bleach composition comprises a peroxygen bleach source (for instance hydrogen peroxide, a perborate or a percarbonate salt) and an activator of the formula I: ##STR1## in which X is O or S; one of E and G is --A-- and the other is --N(R.sup.2)--;A is --O-- or --S--;R.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-50 alkylene group (including cyclo alkylene), optionally interrupted by an arylene group and/or by one or more ether, ester, anhydride, thioether, secondary or tertiary amine, amide or imide linkage, an arylene group or an alkarylene group;R.sup.2, is selected from H, alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl and aryl;R.sup.3 is alkyl, aralkyl, alkaryl or aryl, or, when E is --N(R.sup.2)--, H;in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 can be joined so as to form a heterocyclic ring with the atoms to which they are attached, and/or in which R.sup.1 can be joined with R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 ; andL is a leaving group which may optionally be joined to any of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3.

Abstract: A process for the catalysed oxidation of ketones to esters or lactones with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a carboxylic acid or anhydride is provided. The process employs gamma alumina as a heterogeneous catalyst. In certain preferred embodiments the catalyst also contains a tungsten-containing heteropolyacid. Preferably, the heteropolyacid contains phosphorus. In a related process, the catalyst accelerates the formation of percarboxylic acid solutions.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of amidoperoxycarboxylic acids, comprising the process steps: ring opening of the N-acyllactam to give the corresponding amidocarboxylic acid and, subsequently, oxidation of the resulting amidocarboxylic acid to the corresponding amidoperoxycarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the formula ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and amides thereof, whereinA is --O--, --S-- or --CR.sup.2 R.sup.8 --;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, X and Y are specifically defined; andup to one combination of (a) R.sup.2 and R.sup.5, (b) R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, (c) R.sup.5 and R.sup.7, (d) R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, and (e) R.sup.7 and Y, taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, may form a ring, the compounds being useful for treating dopamine-related neurological, psychological and cardiovascular disorders as well as in the treatment of cognitive impairment, attention deficit disorder, and substance abuse and other addictive behavior disorders.Also disclosed are intermediates and processes useful in the preparation of the above compounds.

Abstract: Novel compounds having the formula ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts, esters and amides thereof, whereinA is --O--, --S-- or --CR.sup.2 R.sup.8 --;R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, X and Y are specifically defined; andup to one combination of (a) R.sup.2 and R.sup.5, (b) R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, (c) R.sup.5 and R.sup.7, (d) R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, and (e) R.sup.7 and Y, taken together with the atoms to which they are attached, may form a ring, the compounds being useful for treating dopamine-related neurological, psychological and cardiovascular disorders as well as in the treatment of cognitive impairment, attention deficit disorder, and substance abuse and other addictive behavior disorders.Also disclosed are intermediates and processes useful in the preparation of the above compounds.

Abstract: Polyglycolate compounds are provided having the general structure: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from 2 to about 10; R is C.sub.1-20 linear or branched alkyl, alkoxylated alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, substituted aryl; R' and R" are independently H, C.sub.1-20 alkyl, aryl, C.sub.1-20 alkylaryl, substituted aryl, and NR.sub.3.sup..alpha.+, wherein R.sup..alpha. is C.sub.1-30 alkyl; and L is a leaving group displaceable in a peroxygen bleaching solution by perhydroxide anion. When this compound is combined with a source of peroxgen in aqueous solution, then a plurality of stain removing peracids are formed. Such peracids are formed substantially sequentially beginning with the carbonyl adjacent to the leaving group L. Thus, a first stain removing peracid having the structure ##STR2## will be formed in amounts approaching quantitative yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for improving the storage stability of peracetic acid comprising adding an effective concentration of preferably 0.1-5 wt. % of an aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate wetting agent which has an EO number of greater than 4.

Abstract: This invention concerns novel sulphoperoxyacids having the following generic formula ##STR1## wherein the R', R", and M are as defined in the specification. Bleach compositions and methods of bleaching using such novel sulphoperoxyacids are also taught.

Abstract: A bleaching composition and method of using is provided wherein the composition comprises an effective amount for bleaching of an organic peroxyacid whose structure includes a percarboxylic and a carboxylic acid or a salt functional unit; an effective amount of manganese complex having a formula selected from the group consisting of:[LMnX.sub.3 ]Y (1)wherein Mn is manganese;X is a coordinating species selected from the group consisting of:RO.sup.-, Cl.sup.-, Br.sup.-, I.sup.-, F.sup.-, NCS.sup.-, N.sub.3.sup.-, I.sub.3.sup.-, NH.sub.3, NR.sub.3, RCOO.sup.-, RSO.sub.3.sup.-, RSO.sub.4.sup.-, OH.sup.-, O.sub.2.sup.2-, HOO.sup.-, H.sub.2 O, SH.sup.-, CN.sup.-, OCN.sup.-, and S.sub.4.sup.2- and combinations thereof;R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Cationic peroxyacid are provided having formula (I): ##STR1## wherein: R.sub.1 is an optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl or alkylaryl with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl group;R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 substituted alkyl group;R.sub.4 and R.sub.6 are each independently aryl or (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is an integer from 1 to 7;R.sub.5 is selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl, or arylsubstituted with a C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; andX.sup.- is a counter anion.These cationic peroxyacids show good bleaching activity over a wide range of pH conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to bleach compositions containing, as the bleach, a hydrophobic peroxyacid which is sterically bulky, so that the smallest cross-sectional area of the peroxyacid, defined by multiplying together the two smallest dimensions of the molecule, is from 30 to 80 .ANG..sup.2. Preferred are peroxyacids containing a tertiary alkyl group, a norbornane ring or an adamantone ring. Such peroxyacids are effective for the bleaching of stains, especially hydrophobic stains, with low accompanying dye damage.

Abstract: The production of dilute equilibrium, storage stable solutions of peracetic acid from mixtures of aqueous hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid, or by dilution of more concentrated peracetic acid solutions, takes a long time because of the low concentrations of the active participating materials. The process can be accelerated by employing a two step procedure in which a concentrated peracetic acid solution is diluted with water and partially hydrolysed in the first step, and then the hydrolysis reaction is quenched by addition of hydrogen peroxide in the second step.

Abstract: There are disclosed novel, highly stable sulfone peroxycarboxylic acids useful in detergent compositions or alone as bleaching agents which are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein A and B are organic moieties bonded to the sulfur atom by a carbon atom and one of A and B contains from 1 to 4 ##STR2## groups bonded to carbon atoms.

Abstract: A dilute solution of a lower aliphatic peracid such as peracetic acid, having an equilibrium composition, is produced by contacting hydrogen peroxide with a lower aliphatic acid each at initial high concentrations in an aqueous reaction mixture to rapidly form a reaction mixture containing, for example, up to 30% by weight of peracid and diluting the reaction mixture with water and with any required quantities of lower aliphatic acid and/or hydrogen peroxide to reproduce the equilibrium composition of the dilute solution, the process being characterized in that the reaction mixture rich in lower aliphatic peracid is diluted before it has itself reached equilibrium, for example when it contains from 20 to 80% of its potential equilibrated content of peracid. The process provides a quick plant-efficient process for the production of stable dilute lower aliphatic peracid solutions for industrial disinfection purposes or for personal or domestic hygiene use.

Abstract: The compound 6,6'-terephthal-di(amidoperoxyhexanoic) acid is disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where y is 1 or 2,A is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, aryl or a group of the formula ##STR2## if y is 1, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkylene or arylene if y is 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be identical or different and each is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkoxyaryl or alkylaryl, or else R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene radical,x is 0 or 1,B is a group of the formula ##STR3## n is from 1 to 20, m is 0, 1 or 2,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl andR.sup.4 is in each case hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl.These compounds are suitable for use as bleaching, oxidizing or disinfecting agents.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds which are useful as bleach activators or optical brighteners in washing and cleaning agents have the formula ##STR1## where the variables have the following meanings: X is O, S or the group N--R.sup.3, where R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyll C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -acyl or an aryl group of up to12 carbon atoms,Y is CH or N,R.sup.1 for X=S or N--R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.25 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.25 -alkenyl group or a phenyl radical which may be additionally substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, hydroxyl, carboxyl, sulfo, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -acylamino, nitro or cyano groups or chlorine or bromine atoms, which substituents, if there are two of them, may be identical or different,R.sup.1 for X=O is phenyl, o-, m- or p-tolyl, p-chlorophenyl, m-nitrophenyl, m-methoxyphenyl or m-methylsulfonylphenyl,R.sup.2 for X=S or N--R.sup.3 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: An amido peroxyacid compound is provided having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene and radical combinations thereof;R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl radicals and a radical that can form a C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 ring together with R.sup.3 and both nitrogens;R.sup.3 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene and C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene radicals, and provided when R.sup.3 is arylene and when n' and m' are each zero, R is other than C.sub.5 alkylene;n and n' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1;m and m' each are an integer chosen such that the sum thereof is 1; andM is selected from the group consisting of H, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, alkanolammonium cations and radicals and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Amino-derivative (poly)peroxycarboxylic acids which have the formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbols have the following meanings: R, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2, which may be equal to or different from one another, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups or groups selected from R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked, give rise to an aliphatic heterocyclic group, all of them being optionally substituted;A represents a (cyclo) alkylene group, an arylene group which may also be condensed with cycloaliphatic groups, a cycloalkylene-alkylene or an alkylene-cycloalkylene group, an arylene-alkylene or an alkylene-arylene group, which may be condensed with cyclo-aliphatic groups wherein said alkylene group may also be interrupted by --CONR.sub.3 groups, wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group;X.sup.- represents HSO.sub.4.sup.- or CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3.sup.- ; a process for their preparation; and their use as bleaching agents.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ureidoperoxycarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which x is the number 1 or 2,A,if x is 1,is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, aryl, preferably phenyl, or haloaryl, preferably chlorophenyl, orif x is 2,is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkylene or arylene, preferably phenylene,B is a group of the formula ##STR2## in which n is a number from 1 to 20,m is the number 0, 1 or 2,R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl andR.sup.2 is in each case hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: In one class of processes for making poorly soluble organic peroxyacids the corresponding carboxylic acid is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in a reaction medium containing a high concentration of sulphuric acid. The presence of such constituents in the reaction mixture and the manner of the reactants and the way in which they are brought into contact, can result in the processes being hazardous. In the present invention, hazard problems are reduced or eliminated by first dissolving the carboxylic acid in concentrated sulphuric acid, secondly forming a Caro's acid solution containing a complementary amount of sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide within a predetermined range, and then introducing the carboxylic acid solution at a controlled rate in the Caro's acid solution, often over a period of from about 30 to 90 minutes, with agitation and temperature control.

Abstract: The peroxides which include the O.sup.17 isotope, especially the hydrogen peroxides and peroxides and hydroperoxides prepared therefrom, are well adapted as nonradioactive labeled compounds for use in the medicinal and biological arts.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where y is 1 or 2,A is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 -alkyl, aryl or a group of the formula ##STR2## if y is 1, or C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 -alkylene or arylene if y is 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can be identical or different and each is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl, aryl, haloaryl, alkoxyaryl or alkylaryl, or else R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene radical,x is 0 or 1,B is a group of the formula ##STR3## n is from 1 to 20, m is 0, 1 or 2,R.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl andR.sup.4 is in each case hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -alkyl.These compounds are suitable for use as bleaching, oxidizing or disinfecting agents.

Abstract: Amino-derivative (poly)peroxycarboxylic acid monopersulfates having the formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbols have the following meanings: R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be alike or different from one another, represent hydrogen atoms, alkyl groups which may be optionally substituted with the proviso that at least one of them is a hydrogen atom;n is an integer different from 0;said --(CH.sub.2).sub.n -- group may be also interrupted by CONR.sub.3 groups;and wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group. A process for their preparation and their use as bleaching agents are also disclosed.

Abstract: The incorporation of many percarboxylic acids in household formulations is precluded from by adverse physicochemical properties, such as a propensity to decompose too quickly during storage or explode on impact or when subjected to pressure, though otherwise they would be effective disinfectants and bleaching agents, especially at hand-hot temperatures.The invention provides a stable and effective selection of organic percarboxylic acids which satisfy one or other of the general formulae (1) or (2):R.sup.a --CO--NH--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CO--OOH (1)orHOO--CO--R.sup.b --CO--NH--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 X (2)in which in formula (1) the amido substituent is meta or para to the percarboxylic acid group and R.sup.a represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 5 carbons in formula (1) and in formula (2) R.sup.b represents a branched or preferably linear alkylene group containing from 4 to 7 carbon atoms of which at least 4 are linear and X represents hydrogen or a substituent like chloride.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic (poly)peroxycarboxylic acids having the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R and R.sub.1 represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a straight or branched alkyl, (hetero)cycloalkyl, (hetero)aryl, alkylaryl or arylalkyl group,optionally substituted, a carboxylic group, or any other substituent which is non-reactive in the presence of the active oxygen of the peroxycarboxylic group;n is an integer selected from 0, 1 and 2;m is an integer selected from 1, 2 and 3; andX represents an acidic anion selected from HSO.sub.4.sup.- and CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3 --and wherein the heterocyclic ring may be condensed with at least one further (hetero)aromatic or (hetero)cycloalkylic ring.

Abstract: The invention provides novel bleaching compositions comprising peracid precursors with the general structure ##STR1## with R, R', R" and L as defined in the specification. Novel peracids and precursors are also herein disclosed. These peracid precursors provide new, proficient and cost-effective compounds for fabric bleaching.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of agglomerates containing diperoxydodecanedioic acid and a water-impermeable material, e.g. lauric acid, which process comprises the successive steps of agitating an aqueous suspension of the peroxy acid in the presence of the water-impermeable material and above the melting point thereof, cooling the suspension of the agglomerated particles thus obtained to a temperature at which the water-impermeable material turns solid, and isolating the resulting agglomerates. The agglomerates obtained are suitable for use as bleaching agent.

Abstract: Novel peroxyacids of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is an alkylene group selected from propylene and butylene, R is alkyl containing from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, benzyl or phenyl and m is 1 or 2. The compounds are useful as disinfectants and fabric bleaches.

Abstract: A process for desensitization of water insoluble peroxycarboxylic acids with essentially sodium sulfate in the aqueous phase, wherein the desensitized peroxycarboxylic acids is separated from the mother liquor, and the sodium sulfate contained in the mother liquor is isolated by one- or multi-stage crystallization in purified form as the deca (hepta) hydrate and this, directly or after conversion to an aqueous sodium sulfate solution, and/or anhydrous sodium sulfate is returned to the desensitization process. The process is nonpolluting and can be operated safely on the industrial scale. The peroxycarboxylic acids desensitized according to the invention are characterized by lower heavy metal content and high storage stability.

Abstract: A perhydrolysis system is provided which includes peroxyacid precursors and a source of peroxygen. Upon dissolution in water these compositions provide high yields of a novel peroxyacid having the structure ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or an alkyl of not more than 5 carbon atoms. The precursor may include hydroxyl nitrogen derivatives as leaving groups, since the .alpha.-substituted phenoxy moiety enhances carbonyl reactivity toward perhydroxyl anion.

Abstract: This invention relates to bleaching compounds and compositions that provide effective and efficient surface bleaching of textiles over a wide range of bleach solution temperatures. The bleaching compounds of the invention yield a peroxyacid with a polar amide link in the hydrophobic chain when used in the bleaching compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the bleaching compositions of the invention are also detergent compositions.