Abstract: A method for stabilizing 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, which comprises reducing an oxygen dissolved in a solution containing 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, and food or drink containing 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid.

Abstract: The nonenzymatic glycation and crosslinking of proteins is a part of the aging process with the glycation endproducts and crosslinking of long-lived proteins increasing with age. This process is increased at elevated concentrations of reducing sugars in the blood and in the intracellular environment such as occurs with diabetes. The structural and functional integrity of the affected molecules become disturbed by these modifications and can result in severe consequences. The compounds of the present invention can be used to inhibit this process of nonenzymatic glycation and therefore to inhibit some of the ill effects caused by diabetes or by aging. The compounds are also useful for preventing premature aging, spoilage of proteins in food and can prevent discoloration of teeth.

Abstract: Chiral ligands and transition metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The chiral ligands include phospholanes, P,N ligands, N,N ligands, biphenols, and chelating phosphines. The ferrocene-based irridium (R,R)-f-binaphane complex reduces imines to the corresponding amines with 95-99.6% enantioselectivity and reduces &bgr;-substituted-&agr;-arylenamides with 95% enantioselectivity. The transition metal complexes of the chiral ligands are useful in asymmetric reactions such as asymmetric hydrogenation of imines, asymmetric hydride transfer reactions, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, allylic alkylation, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition and epoxidation reactions.

Abstract: A description is given here of a novel process for the production of monocarboxylic and polycarboxylic aromatic acids by the catalytic oxidation in homogeneous phase of aromatic compounds carrying at least one oxidizable substituent group attached directly to the carbon atom of the corresponding aromatic nucleus. The novel process according to the present invention comprises the steps of: a) catalytically oxidizing the corresponding aromatic precursors in liquid phase in the presence of gaseous oxygen; b) filtering the end product; c) recycling into the oxidation reactor at least part of the mother liquors resulting from the filtration stage, and is characterized by the fact that said steps from (a) to (c) are carried out in a closed and continuous cycle operating substantially under the same pressure and temperature conditions, preferably at 2-10 barg and 100-140° C.

Abstract: Derivatives of aryl and heterocyclic ureido and aryl and heterocyclic carboxamido phenoxy isobutyric acids have been found to inhibit the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins which often results in formation of advanced glycation endproducts and crosslinks. Many other phenoxyisobutyric acid derivatives as well as certain other compounds as set out in this disclosure also have been found to inhibit the nonenzymatic glycation of proteins. The nonenzymatic glycation and crosslinking of proteins is a part of the aging process with the glycation endproducts and crosslinking of long-lived proteins increasing with age. This process is increased at elevated concentrations of reducing sugars in the blood and in the intracellular environment such as occurs with diabetes. The structural and functional integrity of the affected molecules become perturbed by these modifications and can result in severe consequences.

Abstract: An oxidation free process for converting a hydroxy substituted aromatic to an aromatic diacid which comprises reacting a hydroxy substituted aromatic with excess basic salt in the presence of carbon dioxide at disproportionation/isomerization reaction conditions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions that inhibit the nonenzymatic glycation of albumin, as well as methods of using compounds that inhibit albumin glycation for the treatment of glycation-related pathologies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-dicarboxylic acid which comprises reacting potassium 2-naphtholate and carbon dioxide at a temperature 290.degree. C. or higher under a pressure 30 kg/cm.sup.2 (G) or higher. According to this process, 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3,6-dicarboxylic acid can be obtained in high yield.

Abstract: A family of compounds has been found to be useful for right-shifting hemoglobin towards a low oxygen affinity state. The effect has particular application in a wide variety of treatments including hypoxia, hypothermia, ischemia, stroke, ARDS, COPD, surgical blood loss, acute nonvolemic hemodilutions, wounds, diabetic ulcers, chronic leg ulcers, pressure sores, tissue transplants, and sepsis. The compounds are capable of acting on hemoglobin in whole blood.

Abstract: A family of compounds has been found to be useful for right-shifting hemoglobin towards a low oxygen affinity state. The effect has particular application in radiation oncology applications. The compounds are capable of acting on hemoglobin in whole blood.

Abstract: A family of compounds has been found to be useful for right-shifting hemoglobin towards a low oxygen affinity state. The effect has particular application in a wide variety of treatments including hypoxia, hypothermia, ischemia, stroke, ARDS, COPD, surgical blood loss, acute nonvolemic hemodilutions, wounds, diabetic ulcers, chronic leg ulcers, pressure sores, tissue transplants, and sepsis. The compounds are capable of acting on hemoglobin in whole blood.

Abstract: Allosteric hemoglobin modifier compound activity on p50 is potentiated by using the compound in combination with a hydrophobic compound such as an anesthetic.

Abstract: A method for producing 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid which comprises the steps of: subjecting 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene into an alkali metal salt formation reaction in an organic medium capable of dissolving 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene using an alkali metal alcoholate; and subjecting the salt formation reaction mixture to carboxylation using carbon dioxide gas.

Abstract: A process for preparing aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids or di-salts thereof by reaction of alkali metal phenolates or naphtholates with carbon dioxide, in the presence or absence of a further alkali metal salt, which comprises introducing the solid phenolate or naphtholate starting materials and, if desired, the alkali metal salt into the reaction mixture batchwise or continuously, separately or together, in the form of a dispersion in an inert organic liquid.The process of the invention makes possible the preparation of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids in good yields and with high chemical selectivity. Additional measures for increasing the selectivity, as are described for the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction in, for example, EP-A 0 053 824, EP-A 0 081 753 and EP-A 0 254 596, can be omitted.

Abstract: 2-Hydroxy-naphthalene-6-carboxylic acid or its dipotassium salt is obtained in a good yield and purity without substantial formation of the isomeric compound 2-naphthol-3-carboxylic acid by reacting potassium .beta.-naphtholate with potassium carbonate in the presence of carbon monoxide at a temperature above 260.degree. C. in potassium formate as the solvent.

Abstract: 2,6-hydroxynaphthoic acid is made by reacting 2-naphthol with cesium or rubidium hydroxide to obtain cesium or rubidium naphthoxide, and reacting the naphthoxide with CO.sub.2 in the presence of cesium or rubidium carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-carboxylic acid improved in the yield and the selective ratio, in which .beta.-naphthol and water formed in the reaction system are eliminated therefrom through the reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of production of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids by the reaction of alkaline metal salts of phenols or naphthols with carbon dioxide, in which free phenols or free naphthols produced as by-products in the reaction system are removed from the system so as to control the content of free phenols or free naphthols at a suitable level, by which a purer objective compound can be obtained at high yield under the condition of lower temperature and shorter time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purification of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-6-carboxylic acid by recrystallization. In this process, the crude acid is recrystallized from water-miscible linear or cyclic aliphatic ethers, aliphatic polyethers or aliphatic hydroxy ethers or from at least 10% strength by weight aqueous solutions of these ethers. Recrystallization from a 35-90% strength by weight aqueous solutions of 1,4-dioxane is particularly preferred.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxy-3-phenylbenzoic acid is prepared by carbonation of a 2-phenylphenol alkali metal salt in the presence of a liquid N,N-dialkylcarboxamide such as dimethylformamide. Carbonation may be effected at atmospheric pressure or at superatmospheric pressures.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for selectively producing aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, which comprises subjecting a liquid mixture consisting of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound and a free aromatic hydroxy compound to a reaction with carbon dioxide. The process permits the production of the intended product with enhanced selectivity.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound in solid phase with carbon dioxide, by reacting an alkali metal salt of an aromatic hydroxy compound in the form of granules in a fluidized bed with carbon dioxide, if desired under elevated pressure, at first at temperatures of 20.degree. to 130.degree. C. until at least 40% of the hydroxy compound has been converted into the corresponding carbonate, then completing the reaction at temperatures of 135.degree. to 300.degree. C., and then converting the reaction product obtained into the free acid.

Abstract: Aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids are prepared by reacting alkali metal salts of aromatic hydroxy compounds in the solid phase with carbon dioxide in a process in which the alkali metal salt of the aromatic hydroxy compound is reacted at temperatures of 120.degree. to 300.degree. C., in the form of granules, in a fluidized bed with carbon dioxide, if appropriate under elevated pressure and, if appropriate, in the presence of the aromatic hydroxy compound in the form of vapor, with continuous removal, by means of excess carbon dioxide, of the aromatic hydroxy compound which is formed, until at least 40% of the hydroxy compound have been converted into the alkali metal salt of the corresponding hydroxycarboxylic acid, and, if appropriate, the resulting alkali metal salt of the hydroxycarboxylic acid is reacted further in a subsequent stage at temperatures of 150.degree. to 300.degree. C.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by forming a mixture of 0.8-1.2 moles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene per equivalent of potassium base, dehydrating the mixture, adding carbon dioxide at about 20 to 90 psi at about 255.degree.-280.degree. C. and agitating and heating it at said pressure and temperature.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by forming a mixture of 0.8-1.45 moles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene per equivalent of potassium base, dehydrating the mixture, adding carbon dioxide at about 20 to 90 psi at about 255.degree.-280.degree. C. and agitating and heating at said pressure and temperature.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by introducing 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid to the initial stages of the process.

Abstract: A process for producing 2-hydroxynaphthalene-3-carboxylic acid comprising reacting carbon dioxide with a homogeneous liquid mixture comprising an alkali metal salt of .beta.-naphthol, .beta.-naphthol and a specific alkylbenzene is disclosed.

Abstract: The production of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid from anhydrous potassium 2-naphthoxide and carbon dioxide is improved by forming a mixture of 0.8-1.2 moles of 2-hydroxynaphthalene per equivalent of potassium base, dehydrating the mixture, adding carbon dioxide at about 20 to 90 psi at about 255.degree.-280.degree. C. and agitating and heating it at said pressure and temperature.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylic acids which comprises reacting a liquid mixture of 1 mole of an alkali .beta.-naphtholate, 0.05 to 3 moles of .beta.-naphthol, and 0.1 to 5 times the weight of the alkali .beta.-naphtholate of light oil or kerosene with carbon dioxide under a carbon dioxide pressure of not more than 15 kg/cm.sup.2.G at a temperature of at least 180.degree. C.