Abstract: A new process of synthesis of optically active .alpha.-amino acids is described through nitrosation in a non-aqueous, aprotic system, of the corresponding N-carbamyl derivatives followed by decomposition of the thus obtained N-nitroso derivatives in aqueous acidic medium. The process, which is of a general applicability, leads to a remarkable increase in the reaction yields, due to the suppression of the main side reaction leading to the corresponding .alpha.-hydroxy-acid. Some N-nitroso intermediates, which can be recovered from the process of the invention, are also described.

Abstract: A dental adhesive composition containing a compound having the formula (I): ##STR1##

Abstract: An improvement in the process of extraction of amino acids from aqueous solutions in which the amino acids are extracted with quaternary ammonium extractants. A pretreatment of the amino acid containing aqueous solution with a tertiary amine prior to extraction of the amino acids with the quaternary ammonium extractant, removes some impurities or poisons present therein, leaving the amino acids in the aqueous solution for subsequent extraction with a water insoluble quaternary ammonium extractant. After extraction with the quaternary extractant, the organic phase is stripped of amino acid and the stripped organic is subjected to an acidic scrub before returning to the quaternary extraction stage.

Abstract: A process for the liquid phase adsorptive separation of phenylalanine from a fermentation broth feed containing phenylalanine and salts. The feed is contacted with a Y zeolite adsorbent, exchanged with sodium, potassium or calcium ions, to selectively adsorb the phenylalanine onto said adsorbent to the substantial exclusion of the other feed components and recovering phenylalanine by desorbing with water. Phosphate salts can be recovered in the raffinate in the adsorption process by washing the adsorbent with acetic acid prior to use.

Abstract: Amino acids can be purpified and/or concentrated by extracting aqueous mixtures such as fermentation broths by contacting an aqueous mixture containing amino acids with an organic solution containing a water insoluble extractant selected from the group consisting of:1. A quaternary ammonium ion having the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are aliphatic, each having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and together have a minimum of 25 carbon atoms, and where at least three of the four R groups are at least a C.sub.4.2. A quaternary phosphonium ion having the formula: ##STR2## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above. 3. A tertiary sulfonium ion having the formula: ##STR3## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each are aliphatic with from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, and together have a minimum of 24 carbons and where at least two of these groups are at least a C.sub.6.4. An organic boride ion having the formula: ##STR4## where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for recovery of amino acids from aqueous mixtures. In particular, it relates to a treatment of said amino acid containing aqueous mixture prior to extraction of the amino acid with a water immiscible organic solution containing a water insoluble extractant for said amino acid. The overall process of the invention which includes the pretreatment and extraction, also includes optional methods of recovering said extracted amino acid from the water immiscible organic solution. Accordingly, the invention also relates to a process for recovery of the amino acid by stripping of the amino acid from the organic solution and precipitation of the amino acid.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which the carboxyl group on carbon atom 3 is orientated in the endo-position relative to the bicyclic ring system of cis-configuration, and in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, allyl, vinyl or a side-chain of a naturally occurring .alpha.-aminoacid, which may be protected, R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl, Y denotes hydrogen or hydroxyl and Z denotes hydrogen, or Y and Z together denote oxygen, and X denotes alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl, or aryl which is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, halogen, nitro, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino or methylenedioxy, or denotes indol-3-yl, a process for their preparation, agents containing these compounds and their use.

Abstract: A process for making 2,6-disubstituted tyrosine by the noble metal coupling of a disubstituted aromatic halide or diazonium salt with an amino-protected 2-aminoacrylic acid to form a (Z)-.beta.-(disubstituted phenyl)-.alpha.-acylaminoacrylate, and asymmetrically hydrogenating the acrylate to produce the 2,6-disubstituted tyrosine.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of amino acids by hydrolysis of proteins such as pig bristles. Said process comprises the charging into a vat of a solution of sulphuric acid at least 12N, heating the solution to at least 100.degree. C., adding simultaneously the proteins to be hydrolyzed and a complementary amount of sulphuric acid corresponding to the neutralization of the amine functions of the amino acids, maintaining the hydrolysis conditions in 12N medium and at 100.degree. C., stopping the reaction by addition of water and removing the acid in excess. Thereby, a mixture of amino acids is obtained with a good yield and without degradation.

Abstract: There are disclosed semicarbazides having antihypertensive and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulae ##STR1## wherein n=6-11, M is hydrogen or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, R is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl optionally substituted by a carboxyl group and X.sub.a, X.sub.b and X.sub.c each independently represent hydrogen or a variety of substituent groups are potent inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase.

Abstract: This invention relates to bleaching compounds and compositions that provide effective and efficient surface bleaching of textiles over a wide range of bleach solution temperatures. The bleaching compounds of the invention yield a peroxyacid with a polar amide link in the hydrophobic chain when used in the bleaching compositions. In a preferred embodiment, the bleaching compositions of the invention are also detergent compositions.

Abstract: Amino acid salt having at least one unblocked amino group and comprising at least one cation which has a nitrogen cationic atom is reacted with 1-(tertiary-alkoxycarbonyl)imidazole in the liquid phase and in the presence of essentially inert organic solvent having a dielectric constant at 25.degree. C. of at least about 4, to produce N-(tertiary-alkoxycarbonyl)-blocked amino acid salt.

Abstract: Hydropyridine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N-lower alkylcarbamoyl or N,N-di-lower alkylcarbamoyl, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, an optionally etherified or acylated hydroxy group or an optionally acylated amino group, and R.sub.3 represents a radical of the formula R-- (Ia), R--alk.sub.1 -- (Ib) or R'.dbd.alk.sub.2 -- (Ic) in which R represents a benzocycloalkenyl radical having a total of from 8 to 12 ring carbon atoms which is bonded via a saturated carbon atom and which is unsubstituted or is mono- or poly-substituted in the benzo moiety by hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkanoyloxy, halogen, lower alkyl and/or by trifluoromethyl, and/or subsituted in the .alpha.

Abstract: New polysubstituted diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelates and protein conjugates of the same are described together with the methods of preparing such compounds. A method of delivering radiolabelled compound of the present invention to a target site while minimizing the distribution of the compound to non-targeted organs or tissues is also disclosed.

Abstract: New derivatives of D,L-glutamic acid and D,L-aspartic acid are described having the formulae: ##STR1## in which n is equal to 1 or 2, R.sub.1 is a phenyl group mono-, di- or tri-substituted with linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl groups, which may be the same or different, or with halogens, with a cyano group or a trifluoromethyl group, and in which R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of morpholino, piperidino and amino with one or two linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group substituents containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which may be the same or different, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.The compounds have an antagonistic activity towards bioactive polypeptides and are useful particularly in the treatment of illnesses of the digestive system and the central nervous system, as pain killers, and for the treatment of anorexia and all those affections (for example tumours) in which exogenous or endogenous bioactive polypeptides are involved.

Abstract: 2-Amino-3-aroyl-.gamma.-oxobenzenebutanoic acids and derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is hydrogen, halogen, or loweralkyl; Y is hydrogen, halogen, loweralkyl, loweralkoxy, nitro, or trifluoromethyl; n is 1 or 2; and R is hydrogen, loweralkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, are disclosed having anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active amino acid, which comprises heating the optically active amino acid in an aqueous solution under an alkaline condition in the presence of an alkali metal salt.

Abstract: Benzoyl alanines having the formula: ##STR1## in which the symbols R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 (a) both represent hydrogen or(b) both represent a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl residue having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, or(c) R.sup.1 represents hydrogen and R.sup.2 represents a straight-chain or branched chain alkyl residue having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and in which the symbol R.sup.3 represents a C(CH.sub.3).sub.m (CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3-m moiety wherein the symbol m represents an integer of from 0 to 3and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof, are disclosed.The compounds are useful as corrosion-inhibitors for metals in aqueous systems.

Abstract: .alpha.-Vinyl-.alpha.-aminocarboxylic acids of the general formula: ##STR1## where * indicates a center of asymmetry and R is hydrogen, deuterium, lower alkyl, allyl, benzyl, or benzyl substituted 1 to 3 times by alkyl, alkoxy, fluorine or chlorine and produced enantioselectively from L-methionine by a multistep process.

Abstract: A process for the recovery in substantially pure form of an amino acid represented by the formula ##STR1## from an aqueous production mixture by a low pressure temperature gradient chromatographic process is described.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the recovery and purification of L-phenylalanine from a reaction mixture containing L-phenylalanine and contaminants.

Abstract: In the process of hydrocarboxylating an .alpha.-enamide with CO and an organic hydroxyl compound to produce a N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid ester, the improvement comprising using as the organic hydroxyl compound reactant, an organic hydroxyl compound which has a chiral center that is essentially all L or D, thereby producing a reaction mixture having essentially no enantiomeric pairs and containing diastereomeric N-acyl-.alpha.-amino acid esters having two chiral centers.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of substituted and unsubstituted 2-[(1-carbamoyl-1,2-dimethyl-propyl) carbamoyl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic, nicotinic and benzoic acids.

Abstract: A process for producing DL-phenylalanine by reacting an .alpha.-halogeno-.beta.-phenylpropionic acid represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, or its salt, with ammonia, characterized in that the reaction is conducted while supplying the .alpha.-halogeno-.beta.-phenylpropionic acid or its salt into aqueous ammonia charged in a reactor in advance.

Abstract: Adamantyl phenyl .beta.-alanines having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is phenyl or substituted phenyl and one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is NH.sub.2 and the other is CO.sub.2 H, are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A process for preparing an N-acylphenylalanine represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 mean individually a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, hydroxy or methylenedioxy group, and R denotes a methyl or phenyl group, which comprises catalytically reducing an N-acyl-.beta.-phenylserine represented by the formula (I): ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 mean individually a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy or methylenedioxy group, and R has the same meaning as defined in the formula (II), in the presence of a reducing catalyst or both reducing catalyst and acid, in a solvent.

Abstract: An absorption promoter is disclosed which interacts with hydrophobic amino acid residues of polypeptide derivative medications and substantially increases the absorption of that medication administered orally or rectally. The promoter and medication can be compounded into unit dosages in capsule, tablet, or suppository form, or combined into elixir solutions, suspensions, etc. The absorption promoters are phenylalanine derivatives which may be prepared through conventional N-acylation techniques.

Abstract: This invention is for .gamma.-allenyl-.gamma.-aminobutyric acid derivatives which are .gamma.-aminobutyric acid transaminase inhibitors.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for extracting phenylalanine from the broths obtained by enzymatic processes; this method consists in flocculating and filtering the broth, concentrating the filtrate followed by filtering off the resulting cinnamic acid, decolorating and concentrating the filtrate to obtain phenylalanine crystals at a very pure degree.

Abstract: Novel .alpha.-allenic-.alpha.-amino acids which are enzyme inhibitors of the suicide or k.sub.cat type are disclosed herein.

Abstract: Separating phenylalanine from its admixture with phenylalanine ethyl ester by preferential permeation through a sulfonated polystyrene cation exchange resin membrane.

Abstract: Novel compounds possessing both angiotensin enzyme inhibitory activity and diuretic activity are disclosed. The compounds are represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which X is ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl-alkyl, and cycloalkyl, and may be the same or different; n is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive; M is alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, polycycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-alkyl, hetero-cyloalkyl, hetero-cycloalkyl-alkyl, fused aryl-cycloalkyl, fused aryl-cycloalkyl-alkyl, fused heteroaryl-cycloalkyl, fused heteroaryl-cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylamino-alkyl, or dialkylaminoalkyl, or M and R.sub.6 taken together with the nitrogen to which M is bonded and the carbon to which R.sub.

Abstract: A novel resolution method of a racemic mixture, wherein four kinds of salts are dissolved in a resolving solvent to fractionally crystallize a desired optically active isomer through an exchange reaction between counter ions.

Abstract: A method for converting ether groups such as alkyl or aryl ether groups including hydroquinone ether groups to hydroxyl groups and ester groups such as alkyl or aryl ester groups to carboxylic acid groups which comprises reacting a compound including at least one ether and/or ester group with a 2-halo-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole to form an intermediate and hydrolyzing the intermediate such as by quenching it into water to form the desired final product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of DL-.beta.-aryl-amino acids of the general Formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 stand for hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.1-6 alkoxy, nitro or C.sub.1-4 dialkylamino; wherebyin the case of monosubstituted derivatives R and R.sub.1 are hydrogen and R.sub.2 has the same meaning as stated above and can be attached to position 2, 3 or 4 related to the methylene group;in the case of disubstituted derivatives R is hydrogen and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the same meaning as stated above and are attached to positions 2,3; 2,4; 2,5; 2,6; 3,4 or 3,5 related to the methylene group;in the case of trisubstituted derivatives R, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 have the same meaning as stated above and are attached to positions 2,3,4; 2,3,5; 2,3,6; 3,4,5 or 3,4,6 related to the methylene group.

Abstract: The racemization of optically active aminoacids (including their N-acyl derivatives) by heating with carboxylic acids takes place particularly readily with carboxylic acids of low volatility. Only catalytic quantities of acid are needed; it is advantageous to use equimolar quantities or an excess, which serves as a diluent. A reaction mixture from an enzymatic racemate resolution can be heated directly for the purpose of racemization, after separation of the L-aminoacid and the water.

Abstract: Tricyclic antidepressant functionalized compounds are provided for conjugation through a side chain to antigenic compounds, particularly poly(amino acids), and enzymes. The antigenic conjugates are employed for the production of antibodies and together with the enzyme conjugates find particular use in immunoassays for the determination or detection of the total amount of tricyclic antidepressants present in a sample.

Abstract: A simple method for making EDTA, ED3A or DTPA analogs from amide derivatives of alpha amino acids is disclosed. These EDTA, ED3A or DTPA analogs are useful chelating agents, and preferably are useful as bifunctional chelating agents which may be attached to biological molecules and which form physiologically stable chelates with a variety of metal ions.

Abstract: A method of recovering an amino acid from a mixture by providing a source of bivalent metal ions capable of forming a complex with the amino acid, the complex being insoluble at least in a particular pH range. The complex is separated from the mixture and then dissociated, the metal ions thereby being removed from the amino acid. The amino acid may be recovered continuously from a fermentation broth of microorganisms.

Abstract: Amino acids can be easily prepared by reducing unsaturated hydantoins to the corresponding saturated hydantoins by hydrogenating the unsaturated hydantoin using either Raney Nickel catalyst in the presence of more than a stoichiometric amount of caustic or by using zinc and hydrochloric acid followed by hydrolyzing the resultant composition with at least 3 molar equivalents of an alkali metal hydroxide to produce a racemate of an alpha amino acid. The amino acid in suitable derivative form can then be resolved particularly using a two-phase solvent system. The residual isomer of the amino acid remaining after the resolution process can then be racemized using either pyridoxal-5-phosphate or an aliphatic acid in combination with an aldehyde or a ketone. By these procedures, it is possible to obtain high yields of amino acids.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing an N-acyl-substituted or unsubstituted phenylalanine comprising hydrolyzing a 2-substituted-4-substituted or unsubstituted benzylidene-5-oxazolone with alkali, adjusting pH of the reaction solution containing its hydrolysis product with acid at 5-9 and reducing the resultant reaction solution catalytically in the presence of a palladium or platinum reducing catalyst.In accordance with the process of the present invention, time duration required for effecting the reduction can be shortened markedly in comparison with the reduction in an aqueous strong alkaline solution. Moreover, the catalyst recovered after completion of the reduction can be used repeatedly without any additional treatment and without any observed lowering in its activity. Accordingly, the reduction using the recovered catalyst may proceed in practically the same time as in the case of using a fresh catalyst.

Abstract: In a method of separating phenylalanine and cinnamic acid from a mixed solution containing phenylalanine and cinnamic acid, a method of separating phenylalanine and cinnamic acid which comprises subjecting said mixed solution to chromatographic development using a synthetic adsorbent, such as Diaion, Amberlite etc., in the presence of a salt, such as ammonium halides, ammonium sulfate, alkali metal nitrates, ammonium and alkali metal salts of fatty acids, at a concentration in the range where the salting-out effect on cinnamic acid is greater than that on phenylalanine and also both phenylalanine and cinnamic acid can be dissolved, for example, in the range of 0.2-5N.

Abstract: .alpha.-Alkylated, acyclic .alpha.-aminocarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## where * represents a center of asymmetry, R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl, allyl, benzyl or substituted benzyl group and R.sup.2 is a lower alkyl, methoxymethyl, lower alkylmercaptoethyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted with alkyl or alkoxy, benzyl, or benzyl substituted with alkyl, alkoxy or halo are produced by an enantio-selective plural step process from the corresponding .alpha.-aminocarboxylic acid monomethyl or monoethyl amide. A particular advantage of the new process is that there can be produced from one educt-enantiomer, i.e. from an (S)- or an (R)-.alpha.-aminocarboxylic acid, selectively depending on the reaction conditions used the two enantiomeric forms of the desired .alpha.-alkyl-.alpha.-aminocarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Process for the production of an optically active 3-aminocarboxylic acid ester from a .beta.-keto acid ester. The .beta.-keto acid ester is converted with a chiral amine into the corresponding enamine. The enamine is converted by hydrogenation in the presence of a platinum catalyst into the corresponding N-substituted amino acid esters. Such ester mix is converted by means of HCl gas into the hydrochlorides. The latter are neutralized. Then by liberation and isolation from the neutralized products by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a palladium catalyst, the desired optically-active 3-aminocarboxylic acid ester is obtained.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation and recovery of L-phenylalanine from an impure aqueous solution by ultrafiltering and/or centrifuging to remove cellular material and large proteins, contacting the filtered solution with activated carbon to adsorb L-phenylalanine, eluting adsorbed L-phenylalanine, passing the eluate through an ion exchanger, and recovering substantially pure L-phenylalanine from the ion exchange eluate.

Abstract: A process for refining phenylalanine, in which a phenylalanine solution containing tyrosine as the main impurity and other impurities is contacted with a non-polar, highly porous synthetic adsorbent, adsorbing phenylalanine on the adsorbent selectively, and eluting and recovering the adsorbed phenylalanine, is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing optically active phenylalanine, characterized by optically resolving DL-phenylalanine.optically active mandelic acid complexes in an aqueous solvent in the presence of an acidic compound having a pKa value of 0.90 to 2.10 and isolating optically active phenylalanine from the obtained optically active phenylalanine.optically active mandelic acid complex.According to the process of the present invention, it is possible to decrease the amount of a mother liquor of resolution to 1/5 to 1/10 of that when no acidic compound is used and to obtain optically active phenylalanine having an optical purity of as high as 96.5% or above without a step of optical purification when optically active phenylalanine is isolated from the obtained optically active phenylalanine.optically active mandelic acid complex.

Abstract: A precursor of phenylalanine containing as a major component 5-benzylhydantoin is prepared by reacting, in an aqueous medium, a bisulfite addition salt of phenylacetaldehyde with cyanide and carbonate ions, each being in a molar ratio of equimol or more to said bisulfite addition salt and ammonium ion in a molar ratio of 2 or more to said carbonate ion.The thus prepared precursor of phenylalanine may be converted into phenylalanine by a hydrolysis under a basic or acidic condition.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the synthesis of alpha-amino acid by first contacting the condensation product of an aldehyde or ketone and an amine or amide with a protic or Lewis acid solvent and carbon monoxide to form an intermediate reaction product, and then hydrolyzing the intermediate to yield a product comprising the alpha-amino acid. The reaction rate and product yield can be increased by the addition of a Group 1B metal oxide catalyst in the first step.