Abstract: Substituted oxocarboxylic acids of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a trifluoromethyl group,R.sup.2 denotes a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom and n denotes an integer from 3 to 8,and their salts display a hypoglycaemic action in warm-blooded animals. Processes for the preparation of the new compounds and of the intermediate products required for their preparation, as well as of the corresponding medicaments are described.

Abstract: A novel process for the manufacture of .alpha.-ketocarboxylic acids which comprises the reaction of oximinohalide with cyanide ion to form oximinonitrile which is reacted with hydroxide ion to form oximinoacid and hydrolysis thereof to the .alpha.-ketoacid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of halogenoindenonecarboxylic acids of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.3 is preferably chlorine and R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are, for example, H or -CH.sub.3. If these acids are novel, the corresponding substances are claimed. The invention also relates to corresponding esters of these acids, which contain reactive end groups. The compounds are suitable for the preparation of light-sensitive polymers.

Abstract: For preparing carbonyl compounds containing certain functional groups, a carbonyl compound is reacted with an unsaturated compound in the presence of a trivalent-manganese initiator and an amine. There is a positive coaction between the trivalent-Mn catalyst and the amine. Typically, 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol is reacted with acetone in the presence of triethylamine and manganese triacetate (bihydrated) to obtain 2-methyl-heptane-2-ol-3-one. Yields and selectivities are more than satisfactory.

Abstract: An inert organic solvent dispersion of alkali hydroxide is prepared by mixing an alkali hydroxide, an inert organic solvent and a stabilizer and heating and stirring at the temperature for forming the pasty alkali hydroxide and cooling the dispersion. The dispersion of alkali hydroxide is used in a reaction of an active methylene compound with an organoalkyl halide such as a reaction of a halophenylacetonitrile with an isopropyl halide to obtain .alpha.-isopropyl halophenylacetonitrile.

Abstract: A process for producing 3-hydroxy-3-methylphthalide or its nuclearly substituted derivative of the following general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or a carboxyl group, and n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3,which comprises reacting phthalic anhydride or its nuclearly substituted derivative of the following general formula ##STR2## wherein R and n are as defined, with malonic acid at an elevated temperature in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of dialkylformamides, dialkylsulfoxides and aliphatic lower carboxylic acids in the presence of, as a catalyst, a salt of an inorganic or organic acid with a metal selected from the group consisting of metals of Groups IA, IIA, IIIB and VIII of the periodic table, manganese, copper and zinc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel organic compound, (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid, and a process for the preparation thereof comprising the steps of:a. converting (3-trifluoromethyl)-benzotrichloride to the corresponding benzoyl chloride,b. cyanation of the benzoyl chloride to produce the corresponding benzoyl cyanide,c. hydrolyzing the benzoyl cyanide to produce the corresponding keto-acid, andd. hydrogenating the keto-acid to produce (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid.

Abstract: Monoethylenically unsaturated beta-carbonyl-containing carboxyl functional monomers and addition polymers containing them and other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are disclosed, as are methods of coating substrates with the polymers to provide films of improved water resistance. The monomers are especially stable in the form of a salt with a volatile base, and the removal of the base when a polymer containing the monomer is cured causes decarboxylation, and the removal of the carboxyl groups improves the water resistance.

Abstract: Novel 4-monoalkylamino-benzaldehydes, 4-mono-alkylamino-alkanophenones, and 4-monoalkylamino-benzophenones, and derivatives and salts thereof, are disclosed which are useful as anti-atherosclerotic agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for the production of methyl or ethyl ester of (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-acetic acid. The process comprises the steps of:(a) converting (3-trifluoromethyl)-benzotrichloride to the corresponding benzoyl chloride,(b) cyanation of the benzoyl chloride to produce the corresponding benzoyl cyanide,(c) hydrolyzing the benzoyl cyanide to produce the corresponding keto-acid,(d) hydrogenating the keto-acid to produce (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid,(e) hydrogenating (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-alpha-hydroxyacetic acid in the presence of glacial acetic acid to produce the corresponding substituted acetic acid, and(f) esterifying the substituted acetic acid using an alcohol selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl to obtain the corresponding methyl or ethyl ester of (3-trifluoromethylphenyl)-acetic acid.

Abstract: This invention comprises certain analogs of the prostaglandins in which the double bond between C-13 and C-14 is replaced by a triple bond. Also provided in this invention, are novel chemical processes and novel chemical intermediates useful in the preparation of the above prostaglandin analogs. These prostaglandin analogs exhibit prostaglandin-like activity, and are accordingly useful for the same pharmacological purposes as the prostaglandins. Among these purposes are blood pressure lowering, labor induction at term, reproductive-cycle regulation, gastric antisecretory action, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aromatic or furyl substituted olefins, which comprises reacting an olefinic compound with an aromatic compound or furan compound in the presence of carbon monoxide by using a rhodium carbonyl complex as a catalyst to form a corresponding aromatic or furyl substituted olefin.

Abstract: This disclosure describes novel 4-[(cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl substituted)amino, alkylamino or alkenylamino]phenyl compounds, salts and derivatives of these such as cycloalkylamino, cycloalkenylamino, cycloalkyl-alkylamino, cycloalkyl-alkenylamino, cycloalkenyl-alkylamino, and cycloalkyl-cycloalkylamino phenyl compounds and derivatives and suitable salts of these; these compounds are useful as hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel thromboxane analogs and intermediates. Particularly, the present invention provides novel 11a-homo-PG intermediates for preparing 11a-methano TXA.sub.2 compounds.

Abstract: Novel 4-(2-oxo-1-cycloalkylidenemethyl)phenylacetic acid derivatives and non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are useful as anti-inflammatory agents.The compounds may be prepared by reacting a p-formylphenylacetic acid ester derivative with an enamine of cycloalkanone and hydrolyzing the resulting product, or with a cycloalkanone in the presence of a base.

Abstract: Perhaloalkylvinylcyclopropanecarboxylates having the general formula ##STR1## are disclosed wherein one of Y and Z is a perhaloalkyl group. Compounds in which R is hydroxy, halogen or lower alkoxy are novel intermediates for preparation of insecticidal esters in which R is --OR.sup.1 where R.sup.1 is a wide variety of alcohol residues. The insecticidal efficacy and preparation of the compounds and intermediates therefor are described and exemplified.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel organic compound, (3-trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl cyanide, and a process for the preparation thereof comprising(a) converting (3-trifluoromethyl)-benzotrichloride to the corresponding benzoyl chloride,b) cyanation of the benzoyl chloride to produce the corresponding benzoyl cyanide, (3-trifluoromethyl)-benzoyl cyanide.

Abstract: Glyoxylic acids or derivatives thereof are prepared by reacting an acyl nitrile compound with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of halide anion to form a first reaction product and then further reacting the first reaction product with a compound of the general formula ROH to form the desired glyoxylic acid or glyoxylic acid derivative.

Abstract: Aryl substituted diketones and keto-esters, useful as antiviral agents and insecticides, are prepared by reacting an arylalkyl or arylalkenyl iodide with a metal salt of the appropriate diketone or keto-ester. The intermediate iodides are prepared by condensing a methyl cyclopropyl ketone with an aromatic aldehyde to give an arylvinyl cyclopropyl ketone, reducing the latter to an arylethyl cyclopropyl carbinol or arylvinyl cyclopropyl carbinol, treating the carbinol with phosphorus tribromide and then with zinc bromide to give an arylalkyl or arylalkenyl bromide, and then replacing the bromine atom by iodine.

Abstract: Alkyl alkoxymethylbenzoates and essentially linear polyester ethers and copolyester ethers therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel 11a-methano-TXA compounds and intermediates and processs for their preparation. Further provided are methods for using these novel TXA analogs as inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase, rendering these analogs useful for a variety of pharmacological purposes. These pharmacological uses include anti-inflammatory, anti-thromobitc, and anti-asthma indications.

Abstract: Novel process for the preparation of an arylglyoxylic acid compound, e.g., phenylglyoxylic acid, which comprises oxidizing an .alpha.-hydroxyarylacetic acid, e.g., mandelic acid, of the formula ##STR1## in which m is 1, 2 or 3,each R individually is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl,aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, cycloakoxy, aryloxy, hydroxyl,halogen, aminoalkyl or carboxyl,with the proviso thattwo R's together can represent the methylenedioxygroup or a fused-on, optionally heterocyclic andoptionally substituted ring,with oxygen or a gas containing molecular oxygen in aqueous alkaline medium in the presence of a catalyst comprising a platinum-group metal in the presence as an activator of at least one of lead, a lead compound, bismuth and a bismuth compound at a temperature of up to the boiling point of the resulting reaction mixture.

Abstract: Prostaglandin (PG.sub.1) derivatives having (1) a 6-keto feature, for example ##STR1## or (2) a 9-deoxy-6,9-epoxy feature together with a 5-halo or 6-hydroxy feature, for example ##STR2## said derivatives having pharmacological activity. Processes for preparing them and the appropriate intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of unsubstituted or substituted o-phthalaldehydes by hydrolysis of .alpha.,.alpha., .alpha.',.alpha.'-tetrahalogeno-o-xylenes with a carboxylate in an aqueous medium in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst and an organic base.

Abstract: This invention relates to phenylacetic acid derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## in which A represents a grouping ##STR2## R, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, represent each hydrogen or an alkyl group, and represents a single or double carbon-carbon bond; and their salts with inorganic and organic bases. Said compounds possess anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities that make them therapeutically useful, in particular for the treatment of rheumatic diseases and of local inflammations.

Abstract: A process for preparing an allylic or an aromatic aldehyde, such as acrolein or benzaldehyde, the process comprising contacting in a basic, liquid, biphasic mixture and at reactive conditions an allylic halide or a halomethylated aromatic, such as allyl or benzyl chloride, with a divalent chromate ion, is improved by contacting the allylic halide or halomethylated aromatic with the divalent chromate ion in the presence of a catalytic amount of a quaternary ammonium and/or phosphonium salt, such as tetra-n-butylammonium chloride. The improved process is faster, cleaner and more complete than the process of the prior art.

Abstract: This invention provides new compounds of formula I, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is lower alkyl,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sub.5 is hydrogen, chlorine or lower alkyl, and each ofR.sub.6 and R.sub.7 is hydrogen, or, when R.sub.5 is hydrogen, R.sub.6 may also be chlorine or lower alkyl, and R.sub.7 chlorine or lower alkyl,Useful as anti-phlogistic and anti-arthritic agents.

Abstract: 4-(2-Oxo- or hydroxyimino-cycloalkan-1-ylmethyl)phenylacetic acid derivative and nontoxic pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are useful as an anti-inflammatory agent. The above 2-oxo-compound may be prepared by (a) hydrolyzing and decarboxylating 4-(1-alkoxycarbonyl-2-oxocycloalkan-1-ylmethyl)phenylacetic acid ester derivative or (b) reacting p-halomethylphenylacetic acid ester derivative with an enamine of cycloalkanone and hydrolyzing the resulting product. And further, the above 2-hydroxyimino-compound may be prepared by (c) reacting 4-(2-oxocycloalkan-1-ylmethyl)phenylacetic acid derivative (the product of process (a) or (b)) with hydroxylamine or (d) reacting a dilithium salt of cycloalkanone oxime with p-halomethyl- or p-sulfonyloxymethyl-phenylacetic acid ester derivative and hydrolyzing the resulting product.

Abstract: Tropone derivatives substituted with an amino-, thio- or oxy-derivative of oxalic acid or acetic acid are disclosed. In addition, the tropone nucleus can be optionally further substituted. The foregoing compounds are useful for preventing or treating allergic conditions in a mammal. Methods for the preparation and use of the compounds are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for arylating an olefinic compound by addition of an aryl group to a double bond of said olefinic compound consisting in diazotizing an arylamine in an aqueous acidic solution comprising a lower alkanoic acid to form a solution of an aryldiazonium salt and reacting said aryldiazonium salt solution with an olefinic compound in an organic solvent in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a copper halide.The amount of alkanoic acid is about 15 to 37% by volume of the total solvents used. The alkanoic acid is preferably acetic acid and the copper halide cuprous chloride.

Abstract: 1,3-Dicarbonyl compounds useful as medicines, agricultural chemicals, perfumes, and their intermediates are prepared by reacting a specific .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound with a specific organic copper lithium compound in the presence of an aprotic inert organic solvent, and then reacting the reaction product with an organic carboxylic acid halide or anhydride. In particular, novel 2-acyl-3-substituted cyclopentan-1-ones and 2-acyl-3-substituted cyclohexan-1-ones having important physiological activities are provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing an .alpha.-substituted phenylalkanecarboxylic acid, having useful pharmaceutical properties such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties, from the corresponding ethylidenecyanoacetate by oxidation, hydrolysis, decarboxylation and oxidation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of tetrahydro-alpha-pyrones comprises preparing the alkyl ester of a 5-oxo alkanoic acid from a 4-oxo alkane carbonitrile, obtained in a first stage by the action of benzyl cyanide on the corresponding alkenone, and then saponifying the obtained ester, followed by hydrogenation and cyclization.

Abstract: 6-Tert.-butyl-3-mercapto-4-amino-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one is prepared by reacting pinacolone with a sulfur chloride at 0.degree. to 80.degree. C, optionally reacting the mixture with an aqueous amine solution, hydrolyzing the resulting product with an alkali metal hydroxide, heating the resulting mixture from 2 to 10 hours at 80.degree. to 150.degree. C, liberating a 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-butyric acid by acidifying with a mineral acid and reacting an aqueous solution of said 3,3-dimethyl-2-oxo-butyric acid with thiocarbohydrazide to yield the desired product.