Abstract: A process for the production of organic carboxylic acids by the catalytic reaction of organic formate esters in contact with carbon monoxide and a homogeneous catalyst system of rhodium metal atom, a phosphorus containing ligand in which there is present at least one oxo oxygen atom attached to a phosphorus atom or a carbon atom to form a Z group and the ##STR1## group in said Z group is located at least one carbon atom removed and preferably from 2-4 carbon atoms removed from the phosphorus atom of the molecules represented by the formulas ##STR2## and a halogen source, under mild reaction conditions, wherein R' is H, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl or alkyl, and wherein 1 or more of said R' groups can be substituted with a Z group but not more than 3 of said R' groups in the molecule are so substituted; a is an integer from 0-4; b is an integer from 0-3; and Z is P(O)R'R'; --C(O)OR" or C(O)R", wherein R" is R'.

Abstract: A stereoconvergent process is described for preparing optically active alpha-arylalkanoic acids using as starting substance a diastereoisomeric mixture of ketals of formula ##STR1## in which the substituents have the meanings given in the description. The described process leads to the formation of a single enantiomer.

Abstract: A process for converting formic acid esters or transesterification products thereof to carboxylic acids comprising contacting a formic acid ester of the formula (HCOO).sub.n --R where R is aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aralkyl and n is 1 or 2 with a catalytically effective amount of a soluble iridium salt and an iodide promoter at a temperature of from about 100.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. in the presence of an organic solvent containing at least one carboxylic acid.

Abstract: .alpha.-Arylalkanoic acids are prepared by a method comprising the step of reacting an alkylaromatic compound corresponding to the desired .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid with a new metallation reagent solution. The reagent comprises the reaction product of alkyllithium or aryllithium and about two to five molar equivalents of potassium tert-alkoxide in a trialkylamine solvent.

Abstract: This invention produces higher homologs, i.e., differing by at least a --CH.sub.2 -unit, of carbonyloxy-containing compounds by treating the carbonyloxy-containing compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing compound, a proton donor, an iodide promoter, and optionally, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: A polyprenyl compound terminated with a group of ##STR1## is novel and useful as an antihypercholesterolemic agent and an antiarteriosclerotic agent, in which X is a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein K and L are independently a hydrogen atom or form a single valence bond between the carbon atoms to which they are attached, a group represented by the formula --CH.sub.2 -- or a group represented by the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, m is an integer of 0 or 1, and R stands for a hydroxy group, a group represented by the Formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each stands for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and p stands for an integer of 1 or 2, a group represented by the formula --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors which are useful as antihypercholesterolemic agents and are represented by the following general structural formulae (I) and (II): ##STR1## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds (II) in which Z is hydrogen are disclosed.

Abstract: Esters of carboxylic acids of the formula RCH.sub.2 COOR"' and R'CH:C(R")COOR"' are reacted to form a carboxylic acid and an aliphatic alcohol R"'OH wherein R, R', and R" are individually selected from the group consisting of --H, alkyl moieties of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms and aralkyl moieties, cycloalkyl moieties and alkylaryl moieties of 3 to 18 carbon atoms and R"' is an alkyl moiety of 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the presence of an AMS-1B borosilicate crystalline molecular sieve catalyst under reaction conditions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula Ia ##STR1## in which X and R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are as defined in the claims, are obtainable by reacting monochlorosilanes of the formula II ##STR2## with tetrasubstituted ethylenes of the formula III ##STR3## X as Cl and Br can be replaced by ester groups of inorganic and organic acids. The compounds of the formula I and those with other ester groups are suitable especially as a protective-group reagent for hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxyl, amino and amide groups.

Abstract: A polyprenyl compound terminated with a group of ##STR1## is novel and useful as an antihypercholesterolemic agent and an antiarteriosclerotic agent, in which X is a group of the formula ##STR2## (wherein K and L are independently a hydrogen atom or form a single valence bond between the carbon atoms to which they are attached), a group represented by the formula --CH.sub.2 -- or a group represented by the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --, m is an integer of 0 or 1, and R stands for a hydroxy group, a group represented by the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each stands for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group and p stands for an integer of 1 or 2, a group represented by the formula --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for opening the ring of gem dicyanepoxides comprising reacting a gem dicyanepoxide with a mononucleophilic compound in the presence of a hydrohalic acid or a weakly nucleophilic acid.

Abstract: An optically active arylacetic acid derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are each an hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or a phenyl group; and Ar is a group of the formula: ##STR2## a group of the formula: ##STR3## wherein R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a difluoromethoxy group, a trifluoromethyl group or a phenyl group is prepared in good conversion and optical yield by asymmetrically reducing an ethylenically unsaturated compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 and Ar are the same as defined above with hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst modified with a ligand selected from the group consisting of a specific optically active metallocenyl phosphine derivative and a specific optically active binaphthyl derivative.

Abstract: Alpha-isopropyl-p-chlorophenylacetic acid, which is an acid moiety of the pyrethroidal ester pesticides is subjected to optical resolution using optically active alpha-phenyl-beta-p-tolylethylamine or optically active alpha-phenylethylamine, as the optical resolution agent. The reaction of the acid with the amine is carried out in a hydrophobic organic solvent, such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, in the presence of water, until the desired salt of the acid with the amine is separated therein through selective crystallization.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically useful optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acids or esters, ortho esters, or amides thereof are stereoselectively prepared by contacting an aryl magnesium Grignard reagent with an optically active .alpha.-substituted acyl halide to form the optically active aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone, which is ketalized and rearranged to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid or the corresponding ester, ortho ester or amide. In an alternate embodiment, the aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone is reduced to the corresponding alkanol, which is rearranged to the .alpha.-arylalkanal. The alkanal so produced is converted to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid by conventional methods.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of methyl 2,3,4,5-tetrafluorobenzoylacetate is described. The process is for intermediates that lead to trifluoroquinolinic acids which in turn are used to produce antibacterial agents of the difluoro quinolinecarboxylic acid type. The process runs at room temperature, uses a safe and inexpensive base, and can be conveniently scaled up for manufacturing purposes.

Abstract: A method for the production of an .alpha.-aryl-alkanoic acid represented by the general formula II: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 stands for a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and Ar for an aromatic residue, characterized by subjecting an .alpha.-haloalkyl-aryl ketal represented by the general formula I: ##STR2## wherein Ar has the same meaning as defined above, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently stand for an alkyl group and embrace the case wherein they jointly form a cyclic acetal, R.sup.3 has the same meaning as defined above, and X stands for a halogen atom to a rearrangement reaction in the presence of at least one zinc compound selected from the group consisting of oxide, hydroxide, sulfide, carbonate, and basic carbonate of zinc and subsequently hydrolyzing the product of said rearrangement reaction.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydratropic acids and the esters thereof, of formula Ar--CH(CH.sub.3)--COOR where R=H or lower alkyl and Ar=phenyl possibly substituted. This process consists in reacting on the propiophenones of formula ArCOCH.sub.2 CH.sub.3, a chlorinating or brominating agent, an alcohol R'OH where R'=lower alkyl, an orthoester R.sub.1 --C(OR').sub.3 wherein R.sub.1 =H or lower alkyl, and metal zinc; then possibly hydrolyzing the esters obtained.With this process can be prepared hydratropic acids known for their anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: .alpha.-Arylalkanoic acids or esters, orthoesters or amides thereof are prepared by forming an .alpha.-hydroxy ketal or thioketal of an aryl alkyl ketone, activating the .alpha.-hydroxy substituent with an esterifying agent to form the corresponding ketal or thioketal ester substrate, wherein the ester group is sufficiently labile to non-catalytically disassociate from the substrate in a protic or dipolar, aprotic solvent, maintaining the ester substrate in contact with the protic or dipolar, aprotic solvent or mixtures thereof for a time sufficient to form the corresponding .alpha.-arylakanoic acid or ester, orthoester or amide thereof, and optionally concomitantly or sequentially hydrolyzing any ester, orthoester or amide formed to the corresponding .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for inhibiting polymerization of polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as hydrocarbons, acids and esters, wherein a cobalt (III), nickel (II) or manganese (II) complex of N-nitrosophenylhydroxylamine is employed. A composition including a polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated monomer and the complex is also disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, polymerization of an acrylic acid or an acrylate ester is inhibited.

Abstract: Alpha-alkyl-alkanoic acids are prepared by heating at boiling temperature a mixture of an alpha-halogen-alkyl-arylketone in a saturated aliphatic diol or in a mixture of saturated aliphatic diols in the presence of a Broensted's acid and by successively alkalifying the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides are reacted with hydrogen to produce alkylidene diesters with high yield and with ratios of alkylidene diesters and co-product carboxylic acid near the theoretical by carrying out the reaction in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an alpha-arylalkanoic acid or salt thereof which comprises the rearrangement of an alpha-halo-alkylarylketal in neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, in the presence of a dipolar aprotic diluent and of a protic substance having a high dielectric constant, and the subsequent hydrolysis of the thus obtained ester.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## a pharmaceutically or agriculturally acceptable acid addition salt thereof wherein R is 5-chloro-2-pyridyl, phenyl or phenyl substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents, each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl and (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkoxy; and R.sup.1 is H, Cl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by from 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I and CF.sub.3 or a heterocyclic group linked to the adjacent CF.sub.2 group by a ring carbon atom; method for their use in combatting fungal infections in plants, seeds and animals, including humans, and pharmaceutical and agricultural compositions containing them.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid or an ester thereof having at least two carbon atoms more than formic acid is prepared by reacting at elevated temperature e.g. 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. formic acid or a formate ester with an olefin e.g. ethylene in the presence of, as catalyst, a Group VIII noble metal e.g. iridium, preferably promoted by iodide, to cause addition of the formic acid or ester to the olefin and form the a higher acid e.g. propionic acid or ester thereof.A strong acid such as a sulphonic acid may be used as a copromoter. The catalyst is employed in solution.

Abstract: Process for preparing an arylalkanoic acid by adding iodine to a mixture of an arylalkanone and an excess of an orthoester, heating of the mixture thus obtained, adding an inorganic base and finally an acid.

Abstract: Pharmaceutically useful optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acids or esters, ortho esters, or amides thereof are stereoselectively prepared by contacting an aryl magnesium Grignard reagent with an optically active .alpha.-substituted acyl halide to form the optically active aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone, which is ketalized and rearranged to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid or the corresponding ester, ortho ester or amide. In an alternate embodiment, the aryl .alpha.-substituted alkyl ketone is reduced to the corresponding alkanol, which is rearranged to the .alpha.-arylalkanal. The alkanal so produced is converted to the desired optically active .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid by conventional methods.

Abstract: An olefin, especially an activated olefin, is arylated by reaction with an arylamine, such as an aniline, in an inert polar organic solvent and in the presence of an alkyl nitrite, a hydrogen halide, and a catalytic amount of a copper catalyst having the copper in an oxidation state below +2.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.-halogeno-.beta.-phenylpropionic acid represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, which comprises hydrolyzing under heating a halogen-containing ethylbenzene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR2## where W is a cyano group, an amidocarbonyl group or a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and X is as defined above, in an aqueous mineral acid solution under vigorous stirring.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of an ester of .alpha.-thio-.alpha.-aromatic propionic acid derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl, phenyl or benzothiazolyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl and Ar is an aromatic substituent.The method comprises reacting an ester of .alpha.-chloro-.alpha.-thiopropionic acid of the formula: ##STR2## with an aromatic compound of the formula ARH, in the presence of a Lewis acid. The method provides good reactivity and positional selectivity in the Friedel-Crafts reaction. Many esters of the formula (2) are useful as pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, perfumes or their intermediates.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an optically-active (mixed) anhydride of an alpha-chiral (optically-active) carboxylic acid by treating a non-symmetrical ketene with a carboxylic acid in the presence of an optically-active (chiral) tertiary amine catalyst. Hydrolysis of the resulting (mixed) anhydride yields the optically-active acid corresponding to the non-symmetrical ketene.

Abstract: A novel compound of 2-[para-(2-substituted or unsubstituted-3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)phenyl]propionic acid or a salt thereof which has a specific pharmacological activity and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the novel compound as an active ingredient are disclosed.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparation of a carboxylic acid RCOOH wherein R represents certain alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl groups, by heating a formic acid ester HCOOR in the presence of carbon monoxide, a soluble rhodium catalyst and an iodide or bromide source, promoted by certain oxygen-containing compounds of phosphorus, arsenic or antimony.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids having two or more carbon atoms than formic acid, or esters of such carboxylic acids are prepared by reacting either formic acid or an ester of formic acid with an olefin at elevated temperature in the presence of a Group VIB metal catalyst. The Group VIB metal which is chromium, molybdenum or tungsten is suitably added as a carbonyl or carbonyl halide. In addition to the catalyst a halide promoter and a phosphorus containing copromoter may optionally be added. The process can be used, for example to prepare propionic acid or a propionic acid ester from ethylene and either formic acid of an ester of formic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing an aryl acetic acid derivative represented by the formulaAr--CH.sub.2 COY).sub.ncomprising hydrolyzing in an alkaline substance a dichloroethenyl compound represented by the formulaAr--CH.dbd.CCl.sub.2).sub.n.

Abstract: .alpha.-Arylalkanoic acids or esters, orthoesters or amides thereof are prepared by forming an .alpha.-hydroxy ketal or thioketal of an aryl alkyl ketone, activating the .alpha.-hydroxy substituent with an esterifying agent to form the corresponding ketal or thioketal ester substrate, wherein the ester group is sufficiently labile to non-catalytically disassociate from the substrate in a protic or dipolar, aprotic solvent, maintaining the ester substrate in contact with the protic or dipolar, aprotic solvent or mixtures thereof for a time sufficient to form the corresponding .alpha.-arylakanoic acid or ester, orthoester or amide thereof, and optionally concomitantly or sequentially hydrolyzing any ester, orthoester or amide formed to the corresponding .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing a halogen-containing ethylbenzene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, and Y is a nitrile group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or an amidocarbonyl group, which comprises reacting a vinyl compound represented by the general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--Y (II)where Y is as defined above, with a benzenediazonium salt and halogen ions in a solvent mixture comprising a lower alcohol and/or an ether, and water, under an acidic condition with a mineral acid, in the presence of a monovalent copper compound as a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing a halogen-containing ethylbenzene derivative represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where X is a halogen atom, and W is a nitrile group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group or an amidocarbonyl group, which comprises diazotizing aniline with a nitrite in a solution mixture comprising a hydrophilic organic solvent, an aqueous mineral acid solution and a vinyl compound represented by the general formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--W (II)where W is as defined above, to form a benzenediazonium salt, and reacting the benzenediazonium salt, without isolating it from the reaction system, with said vinyl compound in the presence of halogen ions and a copper compound as a catalyst.

Abstract: Rearrangement of alpha-halo-alkylarylketals in neutral or weakly alkaline conditions and in the presence of a polar-protic medium and subsequent hydrolysis of the thus obtained esters, in the same reaction medium, to afford the corresponding alpha-arylalkanoic acids or their salts which are particularly useful as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agents.

Abstract: Optically-active alpha-substituted carboxylic esters are prepared by treating a non-symmetrical ketene with an alcohol in the presence of an optically-active amine catalyst. Hydrolysis of the resulting esters, yields the optically-active acid corresponding to the non-symmetrical ketene.

Abstract: The compound 15-(p-[.sup.125 I]-iodophenyl)-6-tellurapentadecanoic acid is disclosed as a myocardial imaging agent having rapid and pronounced uptake, prolonged myocardial retention, and low in vivo deiodination.

Abstract: A process for preparation of substituted acetic acids having the general formula I:Ar--CHR--COOH Iin which R is selected from the group consisting in one hydrogen atom and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radicals, and Ar is selected from the group consisting in radicals of aromatic nature selected from the following radicals: 2-thienyl, 2-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 3,4-methylenedioxy-phenyl, and the substituted phenyls of the general formula II: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting in hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl groups, and R.sub.

Abstract: Process for preparing esters of aryl alkanoic acids via oxidation of the corresponding ketones with bromine or iodine in the presence of a metal halide and an alcohol.The thus obtained esters are then easily hydrolized to give the corresponding aryl alkanoic acids which are particularly useful as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic agents.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids and N-t.-alkylamines can be prepared simultaneously by the alkaline pressure hydrolysis of N-t.-alkyl carboxylic acid amides. A 5 to 50% strength by weight aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide is employed for this purpose in an amount of 1.0 to 1.3 mols per mol of the amide. The process is carried out at 200.degree. to 350.degree. C.

Abstract: Arylacetic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## with R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 specifically defined and which are useful as antirheumatic and antiinflammatory pharmaceuticals are prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of new compounds of the formula ##STR2## in which R and R.sup.10 are also specifically defined. The method of making the latter compound is also set forth.

Abstract: There are presented benzazepines of the formula ##STR1## wherein either R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, 4-pyridyl or the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --NR.sup.6 R.sup.7 and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together are an additional bond or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are the oxo group and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.4 is phenyl, o-halophenyl or 2-pyridyl, R.sup.5 is halogen or nitro and either R.sup.6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl and R.sup.7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl or lower alkynyl or R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 together with the nitrogen atom are 4-(lower alkyl)-1-piperazinyl or 4-morpholinyl and n is the number 0 or 1, and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid additions salts.The compounds possess interesting psychotropic properties, i.e., pronounced anxiolytic properties have been established in the case of certain representative members of this class of substance.

Abstract: Substituted .alpha.-halogenopropionic acids and their derivatives of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3, Y and X have the meanings given in the description, are prepared by a process which is characterized in that substituted vinylidene chlorides of the general formula ##STR2## are reacted with chlorine or bromine chloride in the presence of compounds of the formulaR.sup.5 --SO.sub.3 R.sup.6 (III)wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 have the meaning given in the description, and the products obtained are treated, if appropriate, with water or alcohol. Certain of the substituted .alpha.-halogeno-propionic acids and the substituted vinylidene chloride of the formula ##STR3## are new. The end products are useful as herbicides and intermediates for insecticides.

Abstract: The chiral phosphine ligand (R)-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1-cyclohexylethane, when complexed to Rh(I), functions as a superior chiral hydrogenation catalyst. The chiral phosphine ligand is more stereochemically rigid than previous compounds; consequently, virtually optically pure materials can be produced from the chiral hydrogenation of prochiral compounds using the catalyst of this invention. This catalyst is especially useful in the chiral hydrogenation of alpha-acylamido acrylic acids.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.-arylalkanoic acid ester represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein Ar represents an aryl group which may optionally be substituted, and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently from each other, represent a lower alkyl group,which comprises reacting a Grignard reagent prepared from an aryl halide of the general formulaAr--X.sup.1 (II)wherein Ar is as defined above and X.sup.1 represents a halogen atom,and magnesium, with an .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid ester of the general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are as defined above, and X.sup.2 represents a halogen atom,said reaction of the Grignard reagent with the .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid ester of general formula (III) being carried out in the presence of a nickel compound.

Abstract: Alkyl carboxylates are hydrocarbonylated and/or carbonylated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in an aqueous medium, and in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst system comprising (i) ruthenium, (ii) cobalt, (iii) at least one iodine-containing promoter, and (iv) chromium. The subject hydrocarbonylation/carbonylation is admirably well suited, e.g., for the preparation of acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetic acid, especially from a methyl carboxylate.

Abstract: Alkyl carboxylates are hydrocarbonylated and/or carbonylated with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in an aqueous medium, and in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst system comprising (i) ruthenium, (ii) cobalt, (iii) at least one iodine-containing promoter, and (iv) vanadium. The subject hydrocarbonylation/carbonylation is admirably well suited, e.g., for the preparation of acetaldehyde, ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetic acid, especially from a methyl carboxylate.