Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ether compounds, compositions comprising ether compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising an ether compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: Novel carboxylic acid derivatives of general formula (I), salts of the same, esters thereof, or hydrates of them, which are useful as insulin resistance improvers; and drugs containing the derivatives as the active ingredient. In said formula, R1 is hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, or the like; L is a single bond, a double bond, alkylene, or the like; M is a single bond, alkylene, or the like; T is a single bond, alkylene, or the like; W is carboxyl, —CON(RW1)RW2, or the like; represents a single or double bond; X is oxygen, alkenylene, or the like; Y is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may contain a heteroatom, or the like; and Z is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may contain a heteroatom.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula where the symbols have the meaning described in the application, have retinoid-like or retinoid antagonist-like biological activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing oleanolic acid and/or maslinic acid and physiologically acceptable salts thereof, which comprises the steps of extracting olive plant and/or products obtained in the olive oil-manufacturing processes with water and/or an organic solvent and then concentrating and/or fractionating/purifying the resulting extract.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides, based on the discovery that a 2-substituted-1,3-dioxocycloalkyl linker group of general formula (I) can be used to couple saccharide groups of both the O-glycoside and N-glycoside type to a polymer support. The invention provides reagents, reagent kits and methods for solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis.

Abstract: The invention provides a system for solid-phase synthesis of oligosaccharides, based on the discovery that a 2-substituted-1,3-dioxocycloalkyl linker group of general formula (I) can be used to couple saccharide groups of both the O-glycoside and N-glycoside type to a polymer support. The invention provides reagents, reagent kits and methods for solid-phase oligosaccharide synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing (−)-(1S,4R) N protected 4-amino-2-cylcopentene-1-carboxylate esters represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are as described within the specification.

Abstract: An industrially advantageous process for producing an aryloxyacetic acid represented by the formula (2): wherein m represents an integer of 1 or 2, n represents an integer from 0 to 4, Ar represents a aromatic hydrocarbon ring, each Rs independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a halogen atom, an alkylcarbonyl group, an arylcarbonyl group, a carboxyl group or a nitro group, comprising a step in which an oxygen-containing gas is made act on an aryloxyethanol represented by the formula (1): (R)n-Ar&Parenopenst;O—CH2.CH2.OH)m  (1) wherein m, n, Ar, and R, respectively, have the same meanings as defined above, under conditions of using a catalyst comprising palladium and an indium compound and/or a copper compound in an aqueous medium and in the presence of 0.

Abstract: (Acyloxyalkyl)aromatic carboxylic acids are produced by partial oxidation of alkyl substituted aromatic compounds which are represented by the following General Formula (1) CHR1R2—Ar—(R3)n  (1) (where Ar is an aromatic ring of two or greater valency, R1 is a hydrogen atom or alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, R2 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 3, or —OCOR5 group, R3 is an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4, —COOH group, —CHO group, —CH2R4 group, or —COOR group, n is an integer of 1 to 5, R4 is a halogen atom, —OH group, or —OCOR5 group, and R5 is an alkyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4), and carboxylic acids in the presence of oxygen using a catalyst including an element which belongs to Group VIII of the periodic table. (Hydroxyalkyl)alicyclic carboxylic acids are produced by carrying out hydrogenation and hydrolysis using the (acyloxyalkyl)carboxylic acids as a starting material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound of formula I or pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof wherein R1 is C4-12 alkyl, C4-12 alkenyl, C4-12 alkynyl, —(CH2)h—C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-aryl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-het, R2 is substituted and unsubstituted C1-12 alkyl, substituted and unsubstituted C2-12 alkenyl, substituted and unsubstituted C2-12 alkynyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h—C3-8 cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h—C3-8 cycloalkenyl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-aryl, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)h-heterocyclic ring, substituted and unsubstituted —(CH2)i—X—R4 (X is —O—, —S(═O)j—, —NR7—, —S(═O)2NR8—, or —C(═O)—), and —(CH2)iCHR5R6. The compounds are inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases involved in tissue degradation.

Abstract: Bicycloheptene compounds represented by general formula (1) and being useful as intermediates for the production of agricultural chemicals or drugs (wherein X is hydroxycarbonyl, hydroxymethyl, halogenomethyl, nitromethyl, or methylthiomethyl); and a process for the preparation of compounds of general formula (1), characterized by reacting 5,5-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrachlorocyclopentadiene with a compound represented by general formula (2) (wherein X is as defined above)

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel advantageous process for the stereoselective preparation of 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyrates (HPB esters) and of their precursors. This is done by starting from readily accessible &agr;-unsaturated &agr;-hydroxy-&ggr;-keto esters which can be prepared by Claisen condensation.

Abstract: A malic acid or oxalacetic acid derivative is represented by the following formula (1): 1

Abstract: Compounds and methods for treating prostaglandin mediated diseases, and certain pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed. The compounds are represented by formula II: Ar1—W—Ar2—X—Q  II The compounds of the invention are structurally different from NSAIDs and opiates, and are antagonists of the pain and inflammatory effects of E-type prostaglandins.

Abstract: The invention relates to precursors of the A-ring of vitamin D, of the formula (I): in which A, R, R1 and R2 are as defined in the specification. The invention also relates to a method of preparing compounds (I) comprising the enzymatic asymmetrization of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, as well as intermediates of preparation of said compounds.

Abstract: PURPOSE: To produce a novel antibiotic substance zofimarin having antimicrobial activity against fungi and obtain an antimicrobial agent containing the antibiotic substance zofimarin as an active constituent, by cultivating a microorganism, belonging to the genus Zopfiella and capable of producing the zofimarin.CONSTITUTION: An ascomycete belonging to the genus Zopfiella, e.g. Zopfiella marina; is cultivated. The cultivation is carried out according to general fungi, but artifical seawater is used in place of tap water in a liquid culture medium. A carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt, etc., are added, and a defoaming agent is suitably used to carry out the cultivation at 20-30.degree. C. by the spinner culture method with aeration. After completing the cultivation, microbial cells are removed, and the resultant product in the supernatant liquid or filtrate is extracted and purified to afford the aimed zofimarin.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of shikimic acid or its derivatives from quinic acid or its derivatives by dehydration with Vilsmeier reagent. The present invention further discloses intermediates produced by this process and their use in the synthesis of shikimic acid or its derivatives.

Abstract: Substituted cyclic amino acids of formula ##STR1## are disclosed and are useful as agents in the treatment of epilepsy, faintness attacks, hypokinesia, cranial disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, depression, anxiety, panic, pain, and neuropathological disorders. Processes for the preparation and intermediates useful in the preparation are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.-hydroxy acids by heating ammonium salts of .alpha.-hydroxy acids of general formula (I), removing the formed ammonia and water, adding water to the residue, and heating the obtained mixture, wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, alkyl(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)thioalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6), phenyl or the like. This process is freed from the problem of disposal of by-products such as ammonium bisulfate and makes it possible to prepare a free .alpha.-hydroxy acid from an ammonium salt thereof economically and in a high yield.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentene derivative of formula (V): whereinX.sup.1 is (.alpha.-OZ.sup.a, .beta.-H) or (.alpha.-H, .beta.-OZ.sup.a), X.sup.3 is (.alpha.-OZ.sup.d, .beta.-H), (.alpha.-H, .beta.-OZ.sup.d), or oxygen atom, each of Z.sup.a and Z.sup.d, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a protective radical for a hydroxyl radical;U is a radical selected from the group consisting of CR.sup.1 HCH.sub.2, CR.sup.1 .dbd.CH and C.tbd.C,whereinR.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted silyl radical represented by SiR.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11 or substituted stannyl radical represented by SnR.sup.14 R.sup.15 R .sup.16,m is an integer of 0 to 6;X.sup.2 is CH.dbd.CH or C.tbd.C,p is an integer of 0 or 1, each of n and q is an integer of 0 to 5; andZ.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, COOR.sup.y, CN, OH, OCOR.sup.2, CONR.sup.b R.sup.c or NR.sup.d R.sup.e.

Abstract: Novel aspartylamide derivatives such as N-(.alpha.-L-aspartyl-(1R,2S,4S)-1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4-phenylhexylamide, N-.alpha.-7(N'-3,3-dimethylbutylaspartyl)-(1R,2S,4S)-1-methyl-2-hydroxy-4- phenylhexylamide) and the like, and a sweetener containing the above-mentioned derivatives or salts thereof as an active ingredient, is low-calory and which exhibits a high level of stability, an excellent safety and an excellent sweetness.

Abstract: The invention disclosed relates to a new class of abscisic acid (ABA) analogs of formula I ##STR1## wherein one of R.sub.1 is alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, cycloalkenyl, other farther substituted carbon chain including deuterium containing residues, and carbon containing substituents with heteroatoms and halogens and the other is methyl, and wherein the five member carbon side chain includes a methyl group at C3, with C5 attached to the ring as shown, including a trans double bond at the C4-C5 position, or a triple bond at this position, and either a cis or a trans double bond at the C2-C3 position, and R.sub.2 is CH.sub.2 OH, CHO, COOH, COO alkyl, or derivatives thereof, and wherein the cyclohexanone ring double bond may also be reduced and to a novel process for synthesizing such ABA analogs.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds are particularly useful for systemic control of pests.

Abstract: A compound composition and method of treating a retrovirus infection are disclosed. In particular, isolated triterpenes have been shown to have significant inhibitory activity against HIV-1.

Abstract: The present invention provides new synthetic methods and compositions. In particular, new methods of preparing intermediates useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors and compositions useful as intermediates that are themselves useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors are provided.

Abstract: Pharmacologically active leukotriene-B.sub.4 derivatives of general formula I, ##STR1## are described, in whichR.sub.1 represents CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.3, CF.sub.3, COOR.sub.4, CONR.sub.5 R.sub.6, orR.sub.2 represents H or an organic acid radical with 1-15 C atoms,R.sub.3 symbolizes H; C.sub.1 -C.sub.14 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 cycloalkyl optionally substituted singly or multiply; C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl radicals, independently of one another, optionally substituted singly or multiply by halogen, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carbonyl, carboxyl or hydroxy; or a 5- to 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring with at least 1 heteroatom,R.sub.4 means hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 cycloalkyl; C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl radicals optionally substituted by 1-3 halogen, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxyl or hydroxy; CH.sub.2 --CO--(C.sub.6 -C.sub.

Abstract: An intermediate for the production of (3-oxo-2-oxobicyclo?3,1,0!hexan-1-yl) methanol represented by formula (II): ##STR1## selected from the group of compounds (9)-(11) as shown below, wherein R.sup.1 represents a lower alkyl group, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A process is described for producing acetals comprising reacting an aldehyde or a ketone with an alcohol in the presence of a titanium compound having an acetylacetone as a ligand, or in the presence of a compound selected from the group consisting of stannous chloride dihydrate, cerium chloride hexahydrate and bismuth chloride. The process can be used in the synthesis of unstable acetals or when water exists in the reaction mixture, and therefore the process can be used for a wide variety of applications.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are protected from premature polymerization during manufacture and storage by the incorporation therein of an effective stabilizing amount of a 7-substituted quinone methide compound.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel N-benzoylamino acid derivatives of the general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are the same or different, stand for a hydroxyl group optionally bearing an acetyl group; or a C.sub.1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted by a phenyl group;n means an integer from 2 to 15as well as their tautomers, racemates and optically active individual (pure) isomers or mixtures thereof and the salts of these compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds.The invention relates also to a process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound selected from these of formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and B are as defined in the description, their enantiomers and diastereoisomers, their Z and E isomers, and their addition salts with a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid or base, and medicinal products containing the same which is useful for treating a disorder selected from an inflammatory disorder and a pathological inflammatory condition.

Abstract: Ethylenically unsaturated monomers are protected from premature polymerization during manufacture and storage by the incorporation therein of an effective stabilizing amount of a 7-substituted quinone methide compound.

Abstract: Leukotriene-B.sub.4 derivatives of formula I ##STR1## their salts with physiologically compatible bases and their cyclodextrin clathrates are described.

Abstract: Racemates are obtained from non-racemic 3-oxocyclopentane or 3-oxocyclohexane carboxylic acids or their esters by esterification and ketalization of the non-racemic acid with orthoformic acid ester in an alocohol, racemization and hydrolysis of the product obtained with an alcoholate and isolation of the racemate.

Abstract: A monomeric diacid derivative includes at least two fatty acids coupled by a hydrolytically or enzymatically degradable bond. In a biological environment, the bond degrades forming naturally occurring fatty acid products thereby allowing elimination.

Abstract: Compounds isolated from a marine sponge, and derivatives thereof, have the formulae: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is H or lower alkyl; R.sup.2 is OH or CH.sub.3 ; R.sup.3 is OH or CH.sup.3, and R.sup.4 H or MPTA. The compounds have antitumor and antiviral activity. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of treatment employing them.

Abstract: Hydroxycornexistin (1), the free dibasic acid thereof (2) ##STR1## agronomically acceptable bis-ester, monoester, monoamide, and monothioesters thereof, and agronomically acceptable salts thereof are selective herbicides for broad spectrum broadleaf and grass weed control in corn.

Abstract: 3- or 4-mono-, 1,3- or 1,4- or even 3,4-disubstituted derivatives of quinic acid are produced by reaction of a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, of which the phenol group(s) is/are protected with a quinic acid derivative, to form an ester and the different reactivities of the OH functions in the 3 and 4 positions are used to carry out the esterification selectively under low temperature conditions, after which the protective groups are cleaved under controlled acidity and temperature conditions. These conditions avoid any degradation or isomerization. The process enables new quinides to be obtained in high yields.

Abstract: 1-, 5-O-mono- and 3,4-0-bis-substituted derivatives of quinic acid are prepared by reacting a derivative of a hydroxycinnamic acid of which the hydroxyl group(s) is/are protected with a quinic acid derivative to form an ester and the protective groups are then cleaved under controlled conditions of acidity and temperature. These conditions provide for regiospecificity of the esterification and enable any degradation of isomerization to be avoided. The process gives new quinides in high yields.

Abstract: Acylamides or amine acylate salts of arylalkanolamines are prepared by reacting an arylisonitrosoalkanone with hydrogen and a carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride or carboxylic acid ester or mixture thereof in the presence of a transition metal catalyst; optionally the product is converted to the corresponding arylalkanolamine hydrochloride salt by reaction of the acylamide or amine acylate salt of the arylalkanolamine with hydrogen chloride in a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl alcohol.

Abstract: Fluorinated alkene compounds useful for and methods of controlling nematodes, insects, and acarids that prey on agricultural crops. Polar compounds, for example, 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine or 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butenoic acid, are particularly useful for systemic control of pests. Novel method and intermediates for the preparation of 3,4,4-trifluoro-3-butene-1-amine are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the compound A of the formula (A), the related compound B, carboxylic acid derived from acid anhydride group of these compounds and esters and salts thereof, microorganisms for producing the compounds, methods for producing the compounds A and/or B by using the microorganisms, and a treated or untreated fermentation broth obtained by culturing strains belonging to genus Zopfiella or Zopfiella curvata No. 37-3 strain. ##STR1## The present invention provides the compounds A and B, derivatives thereof, and treated or untreated fermentation broth obtained by culturing the strains belonging to genus Zopfiella or Zopfiella curvata No. 37-3 strain, which show an excellent activities as antifungal agent and anti-thrombotic agent.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds which inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention and methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Abstract: There are described novel trans-2-acylaminocyclohexyloxyacyldipeptides of formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents --CO--R.sub.6, --SO.sub.2 --R.sub.7 or ##STR2## R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, R.sub.7 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl or an optionally substituted phenyl group,Y is .dbd.O, .dbd.S or .dbd.NH;R.sub.2 =R.sub.3 and represent --H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl,R.sub.4 represents --OR.sub.8 or --NHR.sub.9,R.sub.8 is --H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or benzyl,R.sub.9 is --H, a straight or branched chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl group or benzyl group;R.sub.5 represents --OR.sub.9 or --NHR.sub.9,and novel (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-trans-2-acylaminocyclohexyloxyacetyldipeptides of the formulas Ia and Ib ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 is --CO--R.sub.6, R.sub.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl,R.sub.2 is --H,R.sub.3 is --H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl,R.sub.4 is --OR.sub.8 or --NHR.sub.9,R.sub.8 is --H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl or benzyl,R.sub.9 is --H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl or benzyl,R.sub.5 is --OR.

Abstract: A 1,3,2-dioxathiolane oxide derivative is represented by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents --S(O)-- or --S(O).sub.2 --;R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, a benzyl group, or a lower alkyl group;R.sup.2 represents a lower alkyl group which may be substituted with a methylthio group, or a benzyl group, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may be the same or different and independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having one to ten carbon atoms, a lower alkyl group substituted with a guanidyl group, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a benzyl group, or a phenethyl group, or together form an alkylene group.

Abstract: Provided are 1,5-bis(4-carboxycyclohexyl)-3-pentanol and its esters and processes for their preparation. Also provided are polyester compositions containing this residue, thermosetting coating compositions containing the polyesters, and coatings and casted or molded articles made therefrom.

Abstract: A process for oxidation of a tetrahydro compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' independently are H, alkyl, aryl or halo, to a glycol of the formula ##STR2## comprises treating the tetrahydro compound with hydrogen peroxide at an elevated temperature under reflux conditions in the absence of a catalyst. The thus-formed glycol can be further oxidized to a butanetetracarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR3## with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a manganese salt, an iron salt, a chromium salt, a cerium salt, a persulfate, a perborate, a silicate, tungstic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof, or molybdic acid or an ammonium or alkali metal salt or heteropolyacid thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## are useful as herbicides, effective against dicotyledonous weeds.