Abstract: A method for managing metal naphthenates in produced hydrocarbons includes injecting acid and/or sour gas into produced hydrocarbons in a production well, flowline or riser, to thereby control the pH of fluids contained in the produced hydrocarbons.

Abstract: Metal naphthenate is removed from a crude hydrocarbon mixture by a process. The process includes mixing the crude hydrocarbon mixture comprising metal naphthenate with an acid in the presence of water, wherein the acid converts the metal naphthenate to naphthenic acid and metal salt; allowing the metal salt to partition into a water phase; and separating the crude heavy hydrocarbon mixture comprising naphthenic acid and the water phase comprising the metal salt.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of at least one ARN acid or salt thereof comprising: (I) allowing at least one ARN acid salt to form during the production of crude oil in the presence of water; (II) removing at least 5 wt % of the formed at least one ARN acid salt, e.g. from the oil water interface; and optionally (III) converting said salt into an acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, as a means for industrially producing a refined 6-bromo-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid product from a crude 6-bromo-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid product, comprising: causing the above crude product to react with sodium hydroxide in water to precipitate a sodium salt of 6-bromo-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid; performing recrystallization treatment for the obtained precipitate; causing the obtained crystal to react with acid in water to precipitate 6-bromo-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid; and recovering the obtained precipitate.

Abstract: A compound having an ability to bind to an SIP receptor and represented by formula (I), a salt thereof, a solvate thereof or a prodrug thereof is useful for prevention and/or treatment of rejection of transplantation, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune disease, allergic disease and the like: wherein ring A is a cyclic group; ring B is a cyclic group which may have substituent(s); X is a spacer having 1 to 8 atoms in its main chain, etc.; Y is a spacer having 1 to 10 atoms in its main chain, etc.; n is 0 or 1, wherein when n is 0, m is 1 and R1 is a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and wherein when n is 1, m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 7 and R1 is a substituent, and wherein m is 2 or more, R1s are the same or different.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, X, A, B, Z and Y1 to Y4 have the meanings indicated in the claims, and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or a prodrug thereof. Because of their properties as inhibitors of chemokine receptors, especially as CXCR2 inhibitors, the compounds of the formula I and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof are suitable for the prevention and treatment of chemokine mediated diseases.

Abstract: A method for recovering high molecular weight naphthenic tetra-acids, particularly ARN acids from a calcium naphthenate deposit. Calcium naphthenate deposits contain large amounts of calcium naphthenate salts of ARN acids. The method dual solvent extraction process in which the naphthenic tetra-acids chemically bound as calcium naphthenate salts are converted into free acid monomers by an aqueous acid. The resulting free acid monomers are then dissolved into an organic solvent phase and the counterions dissolve in the aqueous acid phase. The naphthenic tetra-acids are then recovered from the organic solvent phase.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an eggshell catalyst comprising an active metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, platinum and mixtures thereof, applied to a support material comprising silicon dioxide, wherein the pore volume of the support material is 0.6 to 1.0 ml/g, determined by Hg porosimetry, the BET surface area is 280 to 500 m2/g, and at least 90% of the pores present have a diameter of 6 to 12 nm, to a process for preparing this eggshell catalyst, to a process for hydrogenating an organic compound which comprises at least one hydrogenatable group using the eggshell catalyst, and to the use of the eggshell catalyst for hydrogenating an organic compound.

Abstract: 3,4-Dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-t-butyl-1-naphthalene-succinic dianhydride is provided. The tetracarboxylic dianhydride is represented by Formula 1, which is described in the specification. Further provided is a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyimide prepared using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a solvent. Further provided is a liquid crystal alignment layer formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent. The liquid crystal alignment layer exhibits excellent electro-optical properties and good processability in terms of printability.

Abstract: A method for recovering high molecular weight naphthenic tetra-acids, particularly ARN acids from a calcium naphthenate deposit. Calcium naphthenate deposits contain large amounts of calcium naphthenate salts of ARN acids. The method dual solvent extraction process in which the naphthenic tetra-acids chemically bound as calcium naphthenate salts are converted into free acid monomers by an aqueous acid. The resulting free acid monomers are then dissolved into an organic solvent phase and the counterions dissolve in the aqueous acid phase. The naphthenic tetra-acids are then recovered from the organic solvent phase.

Abstract: The present invention is related to compounds of formula (I), or a therapeutically suitable salt or prodrug thereof, the preparation of the compounds, compositions containing the compounds and the use of the compounds in the prevention or treatment of disorders regulated by ghrelin including anorexia, cancer cachexia, eating disorders, age-related decline in body composition, weight gain, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: Provided are, among other things, lipid-lowering or glucose-lowering methods and compounds, particularly lipid-lowering or glucose-lowering compounds, with an A-B ring structure as follows: wherein the dotted line between carbons 5 and 6, the dotted line between carbon 4 and R2, and the dotted line between carbon 11 and R3 each independently represent an optional double bond from the respective numbered carbon to a linked carbon, and wherein X is hydroxy or, together with Y is oxy linking carbon 8 and carbon 12.

Abstract: A liquid ammonia stream is mixed with a crude oil stream which contains naphthenic acids. Ammonium naphthenates are formed which are then separated from the crude oil with the ammonia. The naphthanates are converted back to acids by addition of acetic acid. Calcium hydroxide is added to form calcium naphthenates and the mixture is pyrolysized which produces ketones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to physical chemistry.The material is made as a three-dimensional matrix with a pore volume of from 0.2 to 1.7 cm.sup.3 /g. The matrix is formed by bent layers of carbon of 100-10,000 .ANG. thickness and 100-10000 .ANG. radius of curvature. The true density of the material according to the present invention is 1.80-2.10 g/cm.sup.3, its X-ray density is 2.112-2.236 g/cm.sup.3, the pore size distribution has its maximum within the range of 200-2,000 .ANG..The present invention can be useful in, for example, in the production of catalysts.

Abstract: Centrifugates obtained by centrifuging the reaction product of a process in which organic acids selected from the group consisting of higher alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, higher alkyl naphthenic acids, higher alkyl salicylic acids and higher alkyl phenols or alkali metal salts of the acids are contacted with a base acting alkaline earth metal compound to produce an alkaline earth metal salt of the selected acid are mixed with a quantity of an aqueous solution of an acid having an ionization constant greater than 1.times.10.sup.-5 sufficient to bring the pH of the centrifugate-acid mixture to a level in the range about 2 to 10 and settling the mixture to separate a lower aqueous phase and an upper liquid product phase and recovering the upper phase.

Abstract: This invention produces higher homologs, i.e., differing by at least a --CH.sub.2 -unit, of carbonyloxy-containing compounds by treating the carbonyloxy-containing compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing compound, a proton donor, an iodide promoter, and optionally, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: The present invention comprises reaction products resulting from the reaction of hydrazido-substituted or certain amino-substituted polymer stabilizers and cyclic dianhydrides, as well as the use of such products. The polymer stabilizers of the invention are useful for protecting a large variety of synthetic polymeric organic materials from the degradative effects of heat, light and oxygen. Some of the modifiers are flame retardants and many are metal deactivators in addition to their primary activity.

Abstract: Processes for the autoxidative cleavage of selected ketones such as C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 cycloalkanones having at least one hydrogen or at least one R group on a carbon alpha to the carbonyl carbon or aryl alkyl ketones having the formula III ##STR1## comprising contacting a liquid phase comprising said ketone with elemental oxygen gas, preferably air, in the presence of a pulverized alkali metal hydroxide at a temperature of no more than 50.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce an oxidized product are disclosed. Preferred cycloalkanones, 2-alkyl- and 2-arylcyclohexanone are autoxidized in pulverized sodium hydroxide/dimethoxyethane to produce 6-alkyl- or 6-aryl-6-oxohexanoic acids, respectively.

Abstract: A method for preparing naphthenic acids consists in that a petroleum fraction is oxidized at a temperature of 135.degree.-140.degree. C. in the presence of catalyst consisting of manganese naphthenate and potassium naphthenate; the obtained mixture of organic oxygen-containing compounds containing naphthenic and hydroxynaphthenic acids is diluted with an organic solvent, and the hydroxynaphthenic acids are precipitated and separated; the solution of the organic oxygen-containing compounds freed from hydroxynaphthenic acids in said organic solvent is treated with an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide; thus obtained aqueous solution of sodium naphthenates is separated; said aqueous solution of sodium naphthenates is treated with diethyl sulphate at a temperature of 90.degree.-95.degree. C. to isolate ethyl naphthenates from which a fraction of ethyl naphthenate boiling out in a temperature range of 75.degree.-170.degree. C.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for removing trace acidic compounds from liquid hydrocarbons. Traces of acidic compounds, including carboxylic acids, H.sub.2 S, naphthenic acids, et al., are present in most hydrocarbon streams. The presence of these acidic compounds is considered deleterious to accepted product specifications. The trace acidic compounds which interfere are removed via injection of a dilute aqueous alkaline solution into the hydrocarbon stream and passage of this stream through a coalescing bed.