Abstract: The invention provides derivatives of rhamnolipids, formulations comprising these, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A medicinal preparation is desired which has no harmful side effects such as hypersensitive reaction, heightens the water solubility of a sparingly water-soluble anticancer agent, maintains a high drug concentration in the blood, accumulates a drug in a tumor tissue at a high concentration, heightens the pharmacological effect of the sparingly water-soluble anticancer agent, and diminishes the side effects of the anticancer agent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pure alanylglutamine comprises the steps of: 1) reacting N-(?-chloro)-propionyl-glutamine and hydrazine compound to obtain an alanylglutamine crude product; 2) mixing anhydrous methanol and the alanylglutamine crude product to provide a filter cake; 3) dissolving the filter cake in water, heating, adding ethanol, and cooling to yield the pure alanylglutamine.

Abstract: Provided is an agricultural plant-protecting agent including a dipeptide derivative or an agro-pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient, which has a plant disease-preventing effect, a plant growth-promoting effect, and a plant immunity-activating effect.

Abstract: Disclosed are peptides having biological and therapeutic activity. Particularly disclosed are lipidated di- or tri-peptides analogs of KPV or KdPT that exhibit antimicrobial activity. In particular, the peptides of this invention provide enhanced anti-microbial activity over the base tri-peptides, lysine-proline-valine and lysine-d-proline-tyrosine. The disclosed peptides have the general formula of C12-18 lipid-KXZ-NH2i wherein K is lysine; X is proline, d-proline, histidine or arginine; Z is optional and if present Z is valine, threonine, alanine or leucine; and the terminal COOH is NH2 amidated. The C12-18 lipid is preferably the lipid moiety of lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), pentadecanoic acid (C15), palmitic acid (C16), or stearic acid (C18). The invention is further related to methods of using of these peptides to treat various insults, inflammations or bacterial infections affecting the skin and other related mucosal body surfaces such as the oral cavity.

Abstract: A flavour composition comprising a compound according to the formula (I) or edible salts thereof, wherein R1 is an alkyl residue containing 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkene residue containing from 9 to 25 carbon atoms with 1 to 6 double bonds, R1 together with the carbonyl group to which it is attached is a residue of a carboxylic acid, and NR2R3, in which R3 is H or together with R2 and the N-atom to which they are attached, a 5-membered ring, is a residue of an amino acid, in particular a proteinogenic amino acid, ornithine, gamma-aminobutyric acid or beta alanine, or a 1-amino cycloalkyl carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for preparing a pure alanylglutamine comprises the steps of: 1) reacting N-(?-chloro)-propionyl-glutamine and hydrazine compound to obtain an alanylglutamine crude product; 2) mixing anhydrous methanol and the alanylglutamine crude product to provide a filter cake; 3) dissolving the filter cake in water, heating, adding ethanol, and cooling to yield the pure alanylglutamine.

Abstract: This disclosure teaches the novel use of trifluoroacetamide for N-terminal protection. The disclosure also teaches novel compositions and chemical structures associated therewith. These methods and compositions are useful for site-specific methylation of peptide backbone amides, performed, for example, to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties of peptide drugs.

Abstract: Provided is a method for selectively extracting and inexpensively recovering scandium from an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium, and scandium. The scandium extraction method according to the present invention involves subjecting an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium, and scandium to solvent extraction using an extraction agent consisting of an amide derivative represented by the general formula below. In the formula, R1 and R2 represent the same or different alkyl groups, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or alkyl group. The amide derivative preferably consisting of one or more derivatives selected from glycine amide derivatives, histidine amide derivatives, lysine amide derivatives, and aspartic acid amide derivatives. The pH of the acidic solution is preferably pre-adjusted to between 1 and 4.

Abstract: This invention discloses novel crystalline polymorphs of acetyl-glycine-beta-alanine and process of making the same. The mentioned crystalline polymorphs can exhibit excellent purity and storage stability according to this invention. Therefore, the mentioned crystalline polymorphs can be applied in topical cosmetic compositions, pharmaceutical compositions as skin care preparations, or other functional preparations.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to functionalized nanodiamonds comprising at least one MALDI matrix covalently bonded to a nanodiamond and compositions comprising the same. The present disclosure also relates to methods of performing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), for example on small molecules, using matrices comprising at least one MALDI matrix covalently bonded to a nanodiamond.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of ivabradine of formula (I): and addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid.

Abstract: What is described are the compounds and the synthesis of [F-18]-labelled L-glutamic acid, [F-18]-labelled L-glutamate, their derivatives of the formula (I) and their use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to metformin glycinate salt and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The method includes administration of the metformin glycinate salt by various routes selected from oral, intravenous injectable, intramuscular injectable, nasal, intraperitoneal, or sublingual, in order to achieve a reduction in blood glucose levels. The invention further relates to the synthesis of a new 1,1-dimethylbiguanide glycinate salt, called Metformin Glycinate. The resulting salt exhibits advantages over other metformin salts. These advantages are due, in the first place, to the fact that the glycine counterion exhibits hypoglycemic effects by itself. Moreover, the salt exhibits more rapid absorption, reaching higher plasma concentrations than those produced with metformin hydrochloride.

Abstract: A marker can determine whether or not a patient has a therapeutic response to an anti-cancer agent. A novel cancer therapy employs the marker. The marker can be N-acetylglucosamine, an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, lauric acid, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, 4-methylpyrazole, isobutylamine, glycolic acid, NADH, NAD+, or a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method or process for solution phase chemical manufacture of depsipeptides of the formula I, wherein the symbols have the meaning defined in the description, to new intermediates and their manufacture, as well as related invention embodiments.

Abstract: Peptides useful as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are provided. Also provided are compositions comprising one or more of the peptides and methods for preventing, treating and/or diminishing one or more syndromes associated with angiotensin converting enzyme by using the peptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new crystalline form of R-4-trimethylammonium-3-(tetradecylcarbamoyl)-amino butyrate (also named crystalline Form I of ST 1326 or teglicar), a process for its preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing same.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a series of 2-oxoamides based on dipeptides and pseudodipeptides, which were synthesized and their activities toward two human intracellular phospholipases A2 (GIVA CPLA 2 and GVIA 1PLA 2) and one human secretory phospholipase A2 (GV sPLA 2) were evaluated. Derivatives containing a free carboxyl group are selective GIVA cPLA 2 inhibitors. A derivative based on the ethyl ester of an ether pseudodipeptide is the first 2-oxoamide, which preferentially inhibits GVIA iPLA 2. The effect of 2-oxoamides on the generation of arachidonic acid from RAW 264.7 macrophages was also studied. It was found that selective GIVA cPLA 2 inhibitors preferentially inhibited cellular arachidonic acid release; in which one pseudodipeptide gave an IC50 value of 2 ?M.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of one or more compounds of the formulae and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof for inhibiting the oxidation of fatty acids and/or triacylglycerols; and/or the rancidification of products that includes one or more of fatty acids and/or one or a plurality of triacylglycerols; and/or chemical and/or sensory changes of products that includes one or more of fatty acids and/or one or a plurality of triacylglycerols, caused by the action of the oxygen of the air. Corresponding mixtures and orally consumable preparations and methods are also described.

Abstract: Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amines, wherein the fatty amine is made by reducing the amide reaction product of a metathesis-derived C10-C17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and a secondary amine, are disclosed. Quaternary ammonium, betaine, or sulfobetaine compositions derived from fatty amidoamines, wherein the amidoamine is made by reacting of a metathesis-derived C10-C17 monounsaturated acid, octadecene-1,18-dioic acid, or their ester derivatives and an aminoalkyl-substituted tertiary amine, are also disclosed. The quaternized compositions are advantageously sulfonated or sulfated. In one aspect, the ester derivative of the C10-C17 monoun-saturated acid or octadecene-1,18-dioic acid is a lower alkyl ester. In other aspects, the ester derivative is a modified triglyceride made by self-metathesis of a natural oil or an unsaturated triglyceride made by cross-metathesis of a natural oil with an olefin.

Abstract: A vision performance enhancing composition and method to enhance vision performance using alanylgiutarnine or a salt of alanylglutamine as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention provides an orally-administrable nutritional product comprising a dipeptide including a branched chain amino acids (BCAA). In one embodiment, the nutritional product comprises a dipeptide selected from at least one of the following: alanyl-leucine, alanyl-isoleucine, alanyl-valine, glycyl-leucine, glycyl-isoleucine, and glycyl-valine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel diagnostic markers for kidney disease and the use thereof.

Abstract: N-(aminoacyl)-amino compound, represented by the following formula Wherein R1 denotes hydrogen, low alkyl or carbonyl, and N1 denotes an NH group and R2 denotes hydrogen or low alkylphenyl or aralkyl or imidazoalkyl or indolylalkyl, R1 and R2 together may complete a pyrrolidine or piperidine or thiazolidine ring and R3 denotes hydrogen or methyl or low alkyl and R4 denotes hydrogen or alkyl or the group remaining on exclusion of R4 from the formula and Z is a straight chain or branched alkylene, which may contain up to 3 carbon atoms. and R5 is nitrogen or sulphur or oxygen or salts thereof and ester compounds, characterised in that A is an ester or amino acid or alternatively sodium or a potassium salt of arginate and/or of ornithate and/or of aspharaginate.

Abstract: An amino acid-modified organopolysiloxane is provided. It has an amino acid derivative bonded to at least one silicon atom of the organopolysiloxane segment constituting the backbone of the organopolysiloxane via an amide bond represented by the following general formula (1): wherein X and Y are independently a C1-10 divalent hydrocarbon group; m is an integer of 0 to 4; Ra is hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an organic group represented by the following general formula (2): (wherein Rb is hydrogen atom, a C1-7 monovalent hydrocarbon group, an alkaline metal, or an alkaline earth metal, and Rc is independently hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, or a C1-10 monovalent hydrocarbon group optionally containing oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or nitrogen atom); and Z is an organic group represented by the general formula (2).

Abstract: Methods of treating or reducing biofilms, treating a biofilm-related disorder, and preventing biofilm formation using D-amino acids are described.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compositions and methods relating to aromatic-cationic peptides. The methods comprise administering to the subject an effective amount of an aromatic-cationic peptide to subjects in need thereof. For example, the peptides may be administered to subjects in need of a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant.

Abstract: A composition comprising a copolymer having repeating units in any sequence of Formula I wherein Rf is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, X3 is oxygen or X1, each X1 is independently an organic divalent linking group, G is F or CF3, A is an amide, X2 is an organic linking group, Y is O, N or S, Z is H, a straight or branched alkyl group or halide, B is H or wherein Rf, X1, X3, G, and A are as defined above, and each W is independently various copolymer units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to provide an aflatoxin production inhibitor that inhibits aflatoxin production specifically and efficiently, is highly safe, and is practical, and an efficient production method thereof; and a method for controlling aflatoxin contamination that uses the aflatoxin production inhibitor, specifically relating to an aflatoxin production inhibitor that includes at least one of a dioctatin represented by the following formula (I) and a derivative thereof, as an active ingredient: where, in the formula (I), R represents one of hydrogen and a methyl group.

Abstract: Several different pyrrolysine analogs are disclosed in this application. Those analogs have distinct chemical and biophysical properties. Some analogs are useful in chemical ligation applications. Methods of making and using are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 4-trimethylammoniobutyrates of the formula wherein A1, R1, m and n are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity, in particular CPT2 activity, and can be used as medicaments.

Abstract: A compound of the formula is disclosed as an HIV protease inhibitor. Methods and compositions for inhibiting an HIV infection are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to octahydro-binaphthol derivatives, which can recognize amino acids and amino alcohols enantioselectively and transform L-amino acids into D-amino acids and optically resolve amino acids or amino alcohol with high efficiency.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel 4-dimethylaminobutyric acid derivatives of the formula wherein A1, A2, R1, m and n are as defined in the description and in the claims, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. These compounds inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) activity, in particular CPT2 activity, and can be used as medicaments in methods for the treatment of diseases modulated by CPT2 inhibitors.

Abstract: An amino acid-modified organopolysiloxane is provided. It has an amino acid derivative bonded to at least one silicon atom of the organopolysiloxane segment constituting the backbone of the organopolysiloxane via an amide bond represented by the following general formula (1): wherein X and Y are independently a C1-10 divalent hydrocarbon group; m is an integer of 0 to 4; Ra is hydrogen atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an organic group represented by the following general formula (2): (wherein Rb is hydrogen atom, a C1-7 monovalent hydrocarbon group, an alkaline metal, or an alkaline earth metal, and Rc is independently hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, or a C1-10 monovalent hydrocarbon group optionally containing oxygen atom, sulfur atom, or nitrogen atom); and Z is an organic group represented by the general formula (2).

Abstract: The present invention is directed single diasteromers of 4-fluoroglutamine having a diastereomeric excess of at least 80%. Methods of preparing the single diastereomers are also described, as well as methods of using the single diastereomers of radiolabeled 4-fluoroglutamine as imaging agent is also described.

Abstract: A process for producing a peptide product having cholecystokinin secretion promoting effect, said process comprising hydrolyzing soybean residues with one or more proteases so that the peptide product having cholecystokinin secretion promoting effect is obtained. Also disclosed is the composition containing the peptide product and the use thereof.

Abstract: A composition comprising a copolymer having repeating units in any sequence of Formula I wherein Rf is a straight or branched perfluoroalkyl group which is optionally interrupted by at least one oxygen atom, X3 is oxygen or X1, each X1 is independently an organic divalent linking group, G is F or CF3, A is an amide, X2 is an organic linking group, Y is O, N or S, Z is H, a straight or branched alkyl group or halide, B is H or wherein Rf, X1, X3, G, and A are as defined above, and each W is independently various copolymer units.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are forms of L-ornithine phenyl acetate and methods of making the same. A crystalline form may, in some embodiments, be Forms I, II, III and V, or mixtures thereof. The crystalline forms may be formulated for treating subjects with liver disorders, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Accordingly, some embodiments include formulations and methods of administering L-ornithine phenyl acetate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to provide an aflatoxin production inhibitor that inhibits aflatoxin production specifically and efficiently, is highly safe, and is practical, and an efficient production method thereof; and a method for controlling aflatoxin contamination that uses the aflatoxin production inhibitor, specifically relating to an aflatoxin production inhibitor that includes at least one of a dioctatin represented by the following formula (I) and a derivative thereof, as an active ingredient: where, in the formula (I), R represents one of hydrogen and a methyl group.

Abstract: Disclosed and claimed is a composition and method of inhibiting the formation of hydrate agglomerates in a fluid comprising water, gas, and optionally liquid hydrocarbon. The composition comprises the following formula and the method comprises adding to the fluid an effective anti-agglomerant amount of any of the following formula and optionally salts thereof. R1, R2, and R3 are each independently CnH2n+1 or benzyl. R4 is C4-C20 alkyl or alkenyl. n is an integer from 0 to 10. X? is a counterion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for screening compounds having the ability to prevent, treat or reduce malodor development on body surfaces. In particular, the method allows to efficiently screen for compound having the ability of preventing sweat malodor development caused by volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs). The present invention is based on the finding of the direct precursor of naturally VSCs, which is present in human sweat and which will be metabolized by Staphylococci to VSCs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for treating a disease involving ?-synucleic aggregation using (1) a compound which reduces the amount of polyamines in an amount effective to reduce ?-synucleic aggregation; (2) a compound which inhibits polyamine synthesis in an amount effective to reduce ?-synucleic aggregation; or (3) a compound which inhibits ?-synucleic aggregation in an amount effective to reduce ?-synucleic aggregation. Also disclosed are methods for reducing the amount of ?-synucleic aggregation in a brain cell using (1) a compound which reduces the amount of polyamines in an amount effective to reduce ?-synucleic aggregation; (2) a compound which inhibits polyamine synthesis in an amount effective to reduce ?-synucleic aggregation; or (3) a compound which inhibits ?-synucleic aggregation in an amount effective to reduce ?-synucleic aggregation. Disclosed herein are also compounds which can be used in the above described methods.

Abstract: The present invention concerns an agent for prevention and treatment of pityriasis. The agent according to the present invention comprises at least one transaminase inhibitor effectively inhibiting the transamination process which is of pathogenetic relevance for the disease, prevents a recurrence of the disease and which protects the human skin flora. Upon release into the environment, no resistances are induced in other fungi.

Abstract: Processes for producing a suitable purity grade of L-Citrulline are disclosed. The processes can include contacting crude L-Citrulline in an aqueous solution with an adsorptive medium at a temperature above approximately 50° C. and below the temperature of denaturement for the L-Citrulline for an interval sufficient to remove at least one contaminant from the L-Citrulline. The processes can also include concentrating the dissolved L-Citrulline relative to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for detecting ?-amyloid using an amino acid dimer instead of a secondary antibody binding to the ?-amyloid primary antibody in an immunoassay based on an antigen-antibody reaction, and a kit for detecting ?-amyloid including the dimer. The method is advantageous in that the dimer has good properties in stability, availability, and storage compared to antibodies and that it can detect various ?-amyloids by using one kind of antibody, and thus may be effectively used in early diagnosis and research of Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a series of 2-oxoamides based on dipeptides and pseudodipeptides, which were synthesized and their activities toward two human intracellular phospholipases A2 (GIVA CPLA2 and GVIA 1PLA2) and one human secretory phospholipase A2 (GVsPLA2) were evaluated. Derivatives containing a free carboxyl group are selective GIVA cPLA2 inhibitors. A derivative based on the ethyl ester of an ether pseudodipeptide is the first 2-oxoamide, which preferentially inhibits GVIA iPLA2. The effect of 2-oxoamides on the generation of arachidonic acid from RAW 264.7 macrophages was also studied. It was found that selective GIVA cPLA2 inhibitors preferentially inhibited cellular arachidonic acid release; in which one pseudodipeptide gave an IC50 value of 2 ?M.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of mineralization, and specifically to the role of TNAP in regulating the levels of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate. The invention provides methods for modulating the activity of TNAP activity; methods for screening for modulators of TNAP activity; modulators of TNAP activity; and methods for treating pathologic conditions known of suspected to be affected by modulation of TNAP activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a polypeptide comprising an orthogonal functional group, said orthogonal functional group being comprised by an aliphatic amino acid or amino acid derivative, said method comprising providing a host cell; providing a nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of interest; providing a tRNA-tRNA synthetase pair orthogonal to said host cell; adding an amino acid or amino acid derivative comprising the orthogonal functional group of interest, wherein said amino acid or amino acid derivative is a substrate for said orthogonal tRNA synthetase, wherein said amino acid or amino acid derivative has an aliphatic carbon backbone; and incubating to allow incorporation of said amino acid or amino acid derivative into the polypeptide of interest via the orthogonal tRNA-tRNA synthetase pair. The invention also relates to certain amino acids, and to polypeptides comprising same.