Abstract: Described is a process for preparing cyclopentadecanolide defined according to the structure: ##STR1## using as a starting material the dicarboxylic acid having the structure: ##STR2## according to the reaction sequence: ##STR3## Also described is a process for using the resultant cyclopentadecanolide for augmenting, enhancing or imparting aromas in or to perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, perfumed polymers, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles, cosmetic powders and hair preparations.

Abstract: A cosmetic composition comprising a hydroxy material selected from;a) layered double hydroxides of formula[M.sub.(1-a) N.sub.a (OH).sub.2 ].sup.y+ X.sup.x-.sub.y/x.zH.sub.2 O(I)b) a hydroxy salt of formula[M'(OH).sub.(2-a') ].sup.a'+ (X.sup.x-).sub.(a'-/x).zH.sub.

Abstract: L-carnitine acid azelate and its use for producing cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions suitable to be topically applied for the treatment of dermatoses, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new class of carbohydrate based nonionic surfactant, i.e., alkyl and alkenyl glycasuccinimide, and a process for their manufacture.

Abstract: An optically-active or chiral compound is described which comprises(A) at least one quaternary nitrogen or phosphorus cation provided that if the cation is a quaternary nitrogen cation containing a hydroxyalkyl group, the hydroxyalkyl group is free of chlorine, and(B) at least one optically-active anion.In one embodiment, the optically-active anion is an optically-active carboxylic acid anion. The process for preparing such optically-active compounds also is described and such compounds may be prepared by reacting(A) at least one quaternary nitrogen or phosphorus salt with(B) at least one optically-active reactant capable of reacting with the salt provided that if the salt is a quaternary nitrogen salt containing a hydroxyalkyl group, the hydroxyalkyl group is free of chlorine.

Abstract: The invention provides an anti-reflective material comprising a salt of a carboxyl-terminated fluorinated alkyl polyether compound with a water-soluble amino compound. A resist pattern is defined by forming anti-reflective layer of the anti-reflective material on a photoresist layer, exposing the photoresist layer to a desired pattern of light, removing the anti-reflective layer, and developing the photoresist layer. A fine resist pattern having improved dimensional and alignment accuracies can be defined in a simple, efficient, reproducible manner without substantial environmental pollution. The invention is advantageously utilized in photo-lithography using photoresists.

Abstract: Described are preferred processes for hydrolyzing activated esters using, as catalysts, siloxanes having 4-dialkylaminopyridyl groups incorporated into their polymer backbones. The preferred siloxane catalyst materials demonstrate unexpected catalytic efficacy in the hydrolysis as well as enzyme-like selectivity for ester substrates.

Abstract: Polymers of 2,2-disubstituted-3-hydroxypropionic acid, e.g., polymers of .beta.-propiolactone, are employed in ceramic compositions as binders or dispersing agents.

Abstract: .omega.-Hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile of the formula NC(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 OH wherein n is an integer of 7 to 11.

Abstract: The invention describes new salts and amides of 4-hydroxybutyric acid with the aim of improving the pharmacological and therapeutic properties of 4-hydroxybutyric acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (1) and salts thereof from a glucose source containing 1,4-1inked glucose as a substituent is described. The process uses an alkali metal hdyroxide and hydrogen peroxide to convert the glucose source to (1). The compound (1) is useful as a chemical intermediate to naturally occurring fatty acids and is used to prepare 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid-gamma-lactone (2) and furanone (3), particularly stereoisomers of these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to farnesyl pyrophosphate analogs which inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention, and methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Abstract: Diallyloxyacetic acid and its basic addition salts, their preparation process and their application as cross-linking agents.Diallyloxyacetic acid and its basic addition salts, preparation process and application as cross-linking agents.

Abstract: Oxadimethacrylics useful for preparing pollers have the general formula ICH.sub.2 .dbd.C(A)CH.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 C(B).dbd.CH.sub.2 Iwhere A and B are selected from the group consisting of --COOR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, --CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 and --CN with the proviso that A.noteq.B, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each defined as follows:R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, wherein the cycloalkyl rings may be C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl- or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-monosubstituted, -disubstituted or -trisubstituted, hydroxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, amino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkylamino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, N,N-di-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino-C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.18 -aryl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, wherein the aryl groups may carry up to three of the following groups: halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.22 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, carboxyl, C.sub.1 -C.

Abstract: There are disclosed (i) .omega.-hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile represented by the formula ( I ):NC(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 OH (I)wherein n is an integer of 7 to 11, (ii) a method for preparing the .omega.-hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile which comprises reacting .alpha.-(.omega.-cyanoalkanoyl)-.gamma.-butyrolactone represented by the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein n has the same meaning as defined above, in the presence of 1 to less than 2 mole of an alkali metal hydroxide per mole of the butyrolactone in an aqueous medium, and (iii) a method for preparing .omega.-hydroxy fatty acid represented by the formula (IV):HOOC(CH.sub.2).sub.n+4 --OH (IV)wherein n has the same meaning as defined above, which comprises reacting the above .omega.-hydroxy-(.omega.-3)-ketonitrile of the formula (I) with hydrazine in an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making an .alpha.-hydroxy acid which is essentially all L or all D with respect to the chiral C atom bonded to the carboxy group of said acid which comprises (1) hydrocarboxylating an enol acylate, which has a chiral C atom that is essentially all L or all D, with CO and water or an organic hydroxyl compound, thereby producing a reaction mixture containing diastereomeric .alpha.-acyloxy acids or esters having two chiral centers and having essentially no enantiomeric pairs, (2) separating the diastereomers by conventional physical means and (3) hydrolyzing at least one of said separated diastereomers to make at least the .alpha.-hydroxy acid which is essentially all L or all D with respect to the chiral C atom bonded to the carboxy group of said acid.Also disclosed is a process for making an .alpha.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new kind of hydroxyfatty-acid-based monomers which are suited for producing plastics and which are obtained by reacting the esters of hydroxyl-group-containing fatty acids or the esters or salts of amino-group-containing fatty acids with appropriate bifunctional compounds that are capable of reacting with hydroxyl or amino groups, the reaction being such that always two molecules of such fatty acid esters are linked together via the hydroxyl groups or the amino groups by means of the bifunctional compound.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to farnesyl pyrophosphate analogs which inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention, and methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (1) and salts thereof from a glucose source containing 1,4-linked glucose as a substituent is described. The process uses an alkali metal hdyroxide and hydrogen peroxide to convert the glucose source to (1). The compound (1) is useful as a chemical intermediate to naturally occurring fatty acids and is used to prepare 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid-gamma-lactone (2) and furanone (3), particularly stereoisomers of these compounds.

Abstract: An efficient and commercially-viable method for the stereoselective transformation of a diol to an alcohol is disclosed. The present method is particularly well-suited for the preparation of the unnatural D-isomer of malic acid or its derivatives from the abundant naturally occurring L-tartaric acid or derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The depolymerization of poly(hydroxyacids) in a liquid medium is enhanced by the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound. Poly(hydroxyacid) polymers containing a quaternary ammonium salt are more readily depolymerized.

Abstract: .omega.-Hydroxy fatty acids usable for the synthesis of medicaments, perfumes and polymers are produced by subjecting an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt of long-chain dicarboxylic acid monoester to a reduction with a borohydride compound or catalytic hydrogenating reduction treatment.

Abstract: The present invention describes novel chiral rhodium-diphosphine complexes having the formula[Rh(X) (Y) (Lp)]owherein X represents a residue of the formula X--COO.sup.- in which Z signifies a group ##STR1## aryl or substituted aryl, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 =hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, aryl-lower alkyl, perfluoro-C.sub.1-20 -alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, the group --OR.sup.7, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COA or AOC--(CF.sub.2).sub.n, with the proviso that at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 represents --OR.sup.7, aryl or substituted aryl,R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 =hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, aryl-lower alkyl, perfluoro--C.sub.1-20 -alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --COA or AOC--(CF.sub.2).sub.n,R.sup.7 =hydrogen, lower alkyl, partially or completely halogenated lower alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl or aryl-lower alkyl,A=The residue --OR or NR'.sub.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are --COOR.sup.4, --COOR.sup.5, and --COOR.sup.6, respectively; R.sup.4, R.sup.5, and R.sup.6 each is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or alkali metal; W is hydroxyl; X, Y, and Z each is hydrogen or hydroxyl; a dotted line indicates the presence or absence of a single bond; or where W/R.sup.3, X/R.sup.1, and/or Z/R.sup.3 may be combined together, a lactone is formed, which compound is useful as a phospholipase A.sub.2 inhibitor. Process for the production of the compound (I) and a cell culture of a microorganism Circinotrichum falcatisporum RF-641 producing the same are also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active alcohol is disclosed, which comprises asymmetrically hydrogenating a carbonyl compound in the presence of a ruthenium-optically active phosphine complex as a catalyst. The resulting alcohol has high optical purity.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.-hydroxyisobutyric acid which comprises hydrolyzing .alpha.-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester in the presence of an organic sulfonic acid catalyst, using an .alpha.-hydroxyisobutyric acid ester as the starting material.According to said process, .alpha.-hydroxyisobutyric acid can be efficiently produced.

Abstract: New composition of monomers and polymers and their methods of use are disclosed. The polymers are water soluble and are composed of repeat units formed from an ethylenically unsaturated compound, and repeat units formed from substituted allyloxy alkylenes.

Abstract: A preparation of metallic salt of ethercarboxylic acid in a pure form by restraining the formation of fumaric acid likely to occur when maleic acid and/or maleic anhydride react with oxycarboxylic acid. The ethercarboxylic product is a useful chelating agent.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of E-2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid and its physiologically compatible salts is described, in which di-n-propyl-ketone-cyanohydrin is used as the starting compound. The compound is either(a) dehydrated with thionyl chloride and the acid nitrile formed is subsequently saponified with a stoichiometric excess of potassium hydroxide, or(b) is initially converted into 2-hydroxy-2-propyl-pentanoic acid and the latter is subsequently dehydrated in the presence of a less than stoichiometric quantity of a tertiary amine at a temperature of at least 200.degree. C.The free acid is optionally converted into the salt form, preferably using the corresponding salts of carbon dioxide in an aqueous acetone solution.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of an optically active carboxylic acid or ester derivative thereof from a ketene and an optically active .alpha.-hydroxyester or an .alpha.-hydroxy amide.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing polyether of the formula:A--X--A'wherein A and A' are the same or different and are each --COF, --COCl or --COOH, and X is --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --R.sub.f --O--C.sub.m F.sub.2m --O--R.sub.f 'CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 -- in which R.sub.f and R.sub.f ' are the same or different and are each a group containing a perfluoroalkylpolyether group, and m is a number of from 1 to 6, and a fluorine-containing polyether of the formula:Z--X.sub.n --Z'wherein X is the same as defined above, Z and Z' are the same or different and are each --COF, --COCl, --COOH or --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 --R.sub.f --B in which R.sub.f is the same as defined above and B is a fluorine atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 perfluoroalkyl group, and n is a number of from 0 to 100 provided that when n is 1, Z and Z' are each --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 R.sub.f B, provided that when n is 0, both Z and Z' are each --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 R.sub.f B or when n is 1, at least one of Z and Z' is --CF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 R.sub.f B.

Abstract: A plant metabolism regulating agent comprising as an active ingredient an alpha,beta or beta,gamma-un-saturated carboxylic acid or its derivative. It is useful for controlling the metabolism of a plant, facilitating the growth of a beneficial plant such as cereals by inhibiting the growth of undesirable plants or eradicating them, regulating the growth of a plant and dwarfing a plant.

Abstract: This invention produces higher homologs, i.e., differing by at least a --CH.sub.2 -unit, of carbonyloxy-containing compounds by treating the carbonyloxy-containing compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium-containing compound, a proton donor, an iodide promoter, and optionally, a manganese-containing compound.

Abstract: A phenylalanine derivative having the formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen provided that both R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not hydrogen at the same time;C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl which may be substituted with hydroxy, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, pyridyl, or phenyl which may further be substituted with nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or halogen;C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl which may be substituted with hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, hydroxylcarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;phenyl which may be substituted with halogen, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy C.sub.1 C.sub.4 alkylmercapto, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylcarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, hydroxycarbonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl, amidino, pyridylcarbonyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl which may further be substituted with C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process of preparing chiral alcohols by the asymmetric catalytic hydrogenolysis of epoxides using rhodium or ruthenium catalysts containing chiral phosphine ligands.

Abstract: Fluorochemical amine salt compounds containing one or more fluoroaliphatic radicals and one or more salt-forming amino groups which have cyanoalkyl groups as N-substituents groups, such compounds being useful as treating agents for fibrous substrates, such as textiles, e.g., carpet, to modify surface properties thereof, viz., to impart oil and water repellency to the surface of said substrates.

Abstract: A soap-based detergent composition comprises water soluble salts of monocarboxylic acids having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably consisting of a major proportion of salts of monocarboxylic acids having 16 or more carbon atoms and optionally a minor proportion of salts of monocarboxylic acids having 14 or less carbon atoms, characterized in that the composition contains a water soluble organic salt of formulaR.sub.1 --O--(CR.sub.2 R.sub.3).sub.n --CO.sub.2 MwhereinR.sub.1 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl,R.sub.2 with respect to each occurrence are the same or different and are selected from H, alkyl and alkenyl groups,R.sub.3 with respect to each occurrence are the same or different and are selected from H, alkyl and alkenyl groups,n is 2,3 or 4, andM is a cation providing water soluble properties.Inclusion of such organic salts e.g. 3-alkoxy propionate can replace in whole or in part in a predominantly soap composition soaps derived from fatty acids having 14 or less carbon atoms.

Abstract: An aldehyde (R.sup.1 CHO) and optically active 3-hydroxybutyric acid (CH.sub.3 CH(OH)CH.sub.2 COOH) are reacted to form an optically active dioxanone. This dioxanone is reacted with a compound R.sup.2 --X to form an intermediate (R.sup.1 R.sup.2 CHOCH(CH.sub.3) CH.sub.2 COOH) which is then subjected to elimination to form an optically active secondary alcohol (R.sup.1 R.sup.2 CHOH) in good yield and purity.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of antihypertensive and antithrombotic activity of the formula or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or lower alkoxyphenyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sup.4 is lower alkyl,R.sup.6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sup.7 is lower alkyl which is optionally substituted by hydroxy or lower alkanoyloxy, andR.sup.10 is hydrogen or lower alkyl which is optionally substituted by carboxy or esterified carboxy.

Abstract: In the process of hydrocarboxylating an enol acylate with CO and an organic hydroxyl compound to produce an .alpha.-acyloxy acid ester, the improvement comprising using as the organic hydroxyl compound reactant, an organic hydroxyl compound which has a chiral center that is essentially all L or D, thereby producing a reaction mixture having essentially no enantiomeric pairs and containing diastereomeric .alpha.-acyloxy acid esters having two chiral centers.

Abstract: The reaction of a zinc compound compound of formula IIICF.sub.3 CCl.sub.2 ZnCl.yL (III)wherein y is 1 or 2 and L is a solvent ligand selected from the group consisting of the N-disubstituted acid amides, N-substituted lactams and organic sulfoxides, with an aldehyde of formula IIR--CHO (II)wherein R is an aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical or an aliphatic or aromatic heterocyclic radical, gives 1-propanols of formula I ##STR1## in high yields.

Abstract: Aqueous acidic scrubbing liquors obtained when oxidation mixtures from the oxidation of cyclohexane are scrubbed with water are stabilized by a process in which the scrubbing liquors are heated at from 50.degree. to 130.degree. C. in the presence of a water-soluble vanadium compound.

Abstract: The antimicrobial compound, bis(carbomethoxymethyl) adipate is disclosed. It was prepared by condensing the methyl ester of glycolic acid and the acid chloride of adipic acid. Tests for antimicrobial activity exhibit potent antimicrobial activity against molds, yeasts, and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Abstract: A new class of chemical reagents called release tags which comprise signal, release and reactivity groups is disclosed and a release tag involving a pentafluorobenzoyl signal group, a methionylamide release group, and an active ester reactivity group is used to analyze the hormone, thyroxine, in serum, involving quantitation of the released signal group by gas chromatography with electron capture detection.

Abstract: A method for preparing an important stereo-specific intermediate in the synthesis of prostaglandin analogs is disclosed. Said intermediate is (+)S-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-hexanoic acid and is prepared via an asymmetric halolactonization reaction utilizing L-proline as the chiral agent.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 denote alkyl, CF.sub.3, benzyl cyclohexyl, cyanoethyl, phenyl or OH and A denotes, inter alia, the groups --CO--, CHOH or CH--NH.sub.2 and --COR.sub.3 denotes a carboxyl, carboxylic ester or carboxamido group, are active herbicides.

Abstract: Dichloropinacolone is produced by introducing into pinacolone twice the molar amount of chlorine, the exothermic reaction mass being cooled initially to maintain the temperature below about 50.degree. C. until about 60 to 80% of the chlorine has been introduced, and then heating the reaction mass to a temperature above 50.degree. C. during introducing of the remainder of the chlorine, thereby to produce dichloropinacolone, and terminating chlorine introduction when the dichloropinacolone content of the reaction mass is at least about 97%. The molten product is added to an aqueous solution of an alkali maintained at a temperature of at least about 50.degree. C., the alkali being present in more than three times the molar amount of the dichloropinacolone. To the resulting solution of a salt of 3,3-dimethyl-2-hydroxy-butyric acid, brought to a pH of about 9 to 12, there is added approximately the stoichiometric amount of potassium permanganate. Solid MnO.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of racemic or optically active isomers of alkyl esters of cis chrysanthemic of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms comprising reacting a racemic or optically active cis compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein R has the above definition with an aryl halothioformate of the formula ##STR3## wherein Hal is a halogen and Ar is aryl of 6 to 12 carbon atoms optionally substituted with at least one alkyl of 1 to 3 carbon atoms to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR4## of cis configuration and heating the latter optionally in an organic solvent to obtain the compound of formula I and novel intermediates.

Abstract: Ruthenium-on-charcoal and ruthenium-on-carbon black catalysts, containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of iron, for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated alcohols by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the liquid phase are prepared by modifying the catalyst with iron only after it has been impregnated with the ruthenium compound, and reducing the catalyst with hydrogen at from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C., with thorough mixing.The catalysts according to the invention are particularly useful for improving the industrially difficult hydrogenation of citral to give the soughtafter fragrances geraniol and nerol.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-hydroxyisobutyric acid by the catalytic oxidation of isobutyric acid with oxygen in an aqueous solution in the presence of a TlCl.sub.3 or TlBr.sub.3 catalyst and a Cu, Sn, or Fe halide compound as a redox agent. Optionally alkali metal halides may be employed to promote catalysis and control the halide concentration.