Abstract: Oxidized diphenylheteroalkanes of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 and A have the meanings specified in the description, and the preparation thereof are described. The substances are suitable for controlling diseases and as cosmetic agents.

Abstract: Phenylene diamines of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, formyl or oxalyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl andR.sup.3 denotes hydrogen or C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 -alkanoyl,provided that R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both hydrogen and that when R.sup.2 is methyl or ethyl, R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both hydrogen, and a process for the preparation of phenylene diamines.

Abstract: A process for producing an aromatic amine under moderate conditions is provided wherein a catalyst higher in activity than conventional catalysts is used. Reduction of an aromatic nitro compound under a CO/H.sub.2 O system is conducted using a rhodium compound catalyst in the presence of an aqueous alkali solution such as aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Alternatively, an aromatic nitro compound is reduced under a CO/H.sub.2 O system using a rhodium compound or a ruthenium compound catalyst in the presence of the aqueous alkali solution and additionally at least one compound of amine compounds, diamine compounds, phosphine compounds, phosphite compounds, and diphosphine compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-alkylamino-4-aminobenzenesulfonic acids by acylation of 2,4-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid followed by alkylation of the resulting 4-acylamino-2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and, finally, removal of the acyl group by hydrolysis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an alkoxybenzene compound or an aryloxybenzene compound by reacting a halogenobenzene compound with an alcohol or a phenol compound in the presence of copper or a copper compound, an amine, and a base. According to the disclosure, an alkoxybenzene compound and an aryloxybenzene compound can be produced under moderate conditions in good yield with high selectivity.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which X denotes a sulfur atom or the group ##STR2## in which R denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkylene-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 - or alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 - group, each of which can be substituted by hydroxyl, sulfo, carboxyl or cyano groups, R.sub.1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -group which can be substituted by --SO.sub.3 M or COOM groups (where M denotes an H, Li, Na, K or Ca atom), hydroxyl, amino, methylamino, acetylamino, alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -sulfonylamino, methoxy, ethoxy, .beta.-hydroxyethylsulfonyl, phenyl, monosulfophenyl, disulfophenyl, or 4-[.beta.-hydroxyethylsulfonyl]-2-sulfophenyl groups, or represents a phenyl or naphthyl group, each of which can be substituted by --SO.sub.3 M or COOM groups (where M denotes an H, Li, Na, K or Ca atom), alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -, alkoxy-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -, amino, methylamino, alkyl-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -sulfonylamino or acetylamino groups, and R.sub.

Abstract: Aminoaryl-sulphonic acids can be prepared by reaction of arylamines and sulphuric acid at elevated temperature and under pressure, where water formed and, where appropriate, water present as water of dilution, is left in the reaction mixture until the end of the reaction.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 4-nitrotoluene-2-sulfonic acid by sulfonating 4-nitrotoluene with oleum or liquid SO.sub.3 is described. The sulfonation is carried out continuously with oleum of at least 50% concentration or liquid 100% SO.sub.3 while keeping the conversion of 4-nitro-toluene in the reaction mixture at .gtoreq.90% during the entire reaction course.The process is inherently non-polluting, and provides the product in high yield and low sulfuric acid content in a form usable for 4,4'-dinitrostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid production without further purification.

Abstract: A new class of polymers and processes used in their preparation are described. These polymers are comprised of crosslinkable aramids, especially aramids that are based on synthetic aromatic amino acids. The aromatic amino acids suggested for this application are selected from the classes of amino benzoic acids, aminodiphenyl carboxylic acids, aminodiphenyl ether carboxylic acids, aminodiphenyl sulfide carboxylic acids, amino diphenyl sulfoxide--and sulfone carboxylic acids, aminonaphtalene carboxylic acids, amino anthracene carboxylic acids as well as their sulfonic acid counterparts, aminopyrimidine carboxylic acids and their crosslinkable and potentially crosslinkable derivatives. Crosslinkable or potentially crosslinkable moieties are selected from a group comprising amino-, nitro-, cyano-, halogene, acetylene, vinyl, acrylic moieties. Crosslinking can be achieved after linear polymers of high molecular weight are produced from low molecular weight prepolymers.