Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride that provides high yield and high efficiency and can suppress side reactions, in a method for reacting (meth)acrylic acid with a fatty acid anhydride to produce (meth)acrylic anhydride. The method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride according to the present invention is a method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride, including reacting a fatty acid anhydride with (meth)acrylic acid to produce (meth)acrylic anhydride, while extracting a fatty acid produced as a by-product, wherein the reaction is performed, while adjustment is performed so that a molar ratio of the (meth)acrylic acid to the (meth)acrylic anhydride in a reaction liquid is 0.3 or more.

Abstract: A method of accelerating a curing process in resin overflow systems for use in casting processes includes the step of adding a curing accelerator for the resin into the resin overflow system. In addition, a resin overflow container and a compartment with a curing accelerator for use in casting processes are provided.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride that provides high yield and high efficiency and can suppress side reactions, in a method for reacting (meth)acrylic acid with a fatty acid anhydride to produce (meth)acrylic anhydride. The method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride according to the present invention is a method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride, including reacting a fatty acid anhydride with (meth)acrylic acid to produce (meth)acrylic anhydride, while extracting a fatty acid produced as a by-product, wherein the reaction is performed, while adjustment is performed so that a molar ratio of the (meth)acrylic acid to the (meth)acrylic anhydride in a reaction liquid is 0.3 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel anhydride derivative of 2-(S)-(6-methoxy-2-naphtyl)-propanoic acid for preparing nitrooxyalkyl esters of 2-(S)-(6-methoxy-2-naphtyl)-propanoic acid with high purity to meet requirements of the industry.

Abstract: Carboxylic anhydrides are highly suitable as additive for industrial materials, cosmetics, pharmaceutics and foodstuffs, in particular beverages, for protecting them against attack and/or destruction by microorganisms.

Abstract: A pyridine-free esterification reagent for anhydride method to determine the hydroxyl number of polyols is provided. The reagent includes an anhydride, an oxometallic complex having a formula of MOmLn, and a neutral or slightly acidic solvent, wherein M includes transition metals of IVB, VB, or VIB group, L includes (OTf), X, and m and n are an integer greater than or equal to 1, wherein X is halogen, and R, R?, R?, and R??, independently, are alkyl, aryl, or heterocyclic groups containing nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, or sulfur heteroatoms. The invention also provides a method to determine the hydroxyl number of polyols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for preparing (meth)acrylic anhydride (A(M)A2O) by transanhydrification between (meth)acrylic acid and acetic anhydride in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor, in which reaction to the point of partial conversion of the reagents is carried out, followed by continuous distillation. With the method according to the invention, it is possible to produce I1A(M)A2O of very high purity under improved productivity conditions compared to existing methods while eliminating problems of reactor fouling.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride that provides high yield and high efficiency and can suppress side reactions, in a method for reacting (meth)acrylic acid with a fatty acid anhydride to produce (meth)acrylic anhydride. The method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride according to the present invention is a method for producing (meth)acrylic anhydride, including reacting a fatty acid anhydride with (meth)acrylic acid to produce (meth)acrylic anhydride, while extracting a fatty acid produced as a by-product, wherein the reaction is performed, while adjustment is performed so that a molar ratio of the (meth)acrylic acid to the (meth)acrylic anhydride in a reaction liquid is 0.3 or more.

Abstract: A method for covalently binding target molecules to carbon nanoparticles via at least one bridge molecule includes converting carbon nanoparticles to acyl carbon nanoparticles using a carbonyl compound of the at least one bridge molecule in the presence of a Lewis acid under Friedel-Crafts conditionsm, where the acyl carbon nanoparticles include a nucleofuge in the omega position. The target molecule is covalently bound to the acyl carbon nanoparticles via nucleophilic substitution of the nucleofuge in the omega position.

Abstract: 3,4-Dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-t-butyl-1-naphthalene-succinic dianhydride is provided. The tetracarboxylic dianhydride is represented by Formula 1, which is described in the specification. Further provided is a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polyimide prepared using the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a solvent. Further provided is a liquid crystal alignment layer formed using the liquid crystal aligning agent. The liquid crystal alignment layer exhibits excellent electro-optical properties and good processability in terms of printability.

Abstract: A thermoset composition exhibiting reduced water absorption in the cured state includes an olefinically unsaturated monomer and a capped poly(arylene ether) prepared by the reaction of an uncapped poly(arylene ether) with an anhydride capping agent. The capped poly(arylene ether) is isolated and/or purified by methods that reduce the concentrations of polar impurities that contribute to water absorption by the cured composition.

Abstract: A novel composition and methods of its use and preparation of polybasic metal carboxylate complexes having the general formula: (A)2M.nD(OH)2.xH2O.m(B)2N wherein: A is an organic fatty acid and is selected from the group consisting of saturated C12-24 carboxylic acids, unsaturated C12-24 carboxylic acids, aromatic C12-24 carboxylic acids, alicyclic C12-24 carboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acid derivatives thereof, anhydride derivatives thereof and blends thereof, preferably stearate; M is a divalent metal cation, preferably calcium; n is a fractional or whole number from about 1 to about 10 inclusive; D is an alkali earth metal, preferably calcium; x is a fractional or whole number from about 0 to about 3 inclusive; N is a divalent metal cation other than calcium, preferably zinc; and m is a fractional or whole number from 0 to about 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved method for manufacturing (meth)acrylic anhydride by transanhydrization between (meth)acrylic acid and acetic anhydride, in the presence of air and in the presence of at least one polymerization inhibitor, characterized in that the polymerization inhibitor is chosen from the group formed from (a) metal salts of thiocarbamic or dithiocarbamic acid and their mixtures with a phenolic derivative or phenothiazine and its derivatives, and (b) N-oxyl compounds as a mixture with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol taken alone or in the presence of 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of remedying deterioration of an insulating film which, during the remedial treatment of an insulating film deteriorated by plasma treatment, does not leave residual remedial agent on the wiring material such as the copper wiring layer, can be conducted using a dry process, and exhibits excellent applicability to mass production. The insulating film that has been deteriorated by plasma treatment is brought into contact with a remedial agent composed of a compound with a molecular structure having at least one of a nitro group and a carbonyl group, and at least one of a hydrocarbon group and a hydrogen group.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for preparing asymmetrical biphenyl tetracarboxylic acids and the corresponding asymmetrical dianhydrides, namely 2,3,3?,4?-biphenyl dianhydride (a-BPDA), 2,3,3?,4?-benzophenone dianhydride (a-BTDA) and 3,4?-methylenediphthalic anhydride (-MDPA). By cross-coupling reactions of reactive metal substituted o-xylenes or by cross-coupling o-xylene derivatives in the presence of catalysts, this invention specifically produces asymmetrical biphenyl intermediates that are subsequently oxidized or hydrolyzed and oxidized to provide asymmetric biphenyl tetracarboxylic acids in comparatively high yields. These asymmetrical biphenyl tetracarboxylic acids are subsequently converted to the corresponding asymmetrical dianhydrides without contamination by symmetrical biphenyl dianhydrides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, such as esters and/or anhydrides, encompassing the reaction of diene/maleic acid anhydride mixtures, in particular of butadiene/maleic acid anhydride mixtures or of mixtures of maleic acid anhydrides and C5-dienes to give alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexenedicarboxylic acid anhydrides in the condensed phase, ester formation, and then hydrogenation to give the corresponding cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid derivative, and also to the use of the cyclohexanedicarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof prepared according to the invention as plasticizers for plastics.

Abstract: The present invention describes compounds produced from a creatine molecule and a fatty acid molecule. The compounds being in the form of creatine-fatty acid compounds being bound by an anhydride linkage, or mixtures thereof made by reacting creatine or derivatives thereof with an appropriate fatty acid previously reacted with a thionyl halide. The administration of such molecules provides supplemental creatine with enhanced bioavailability and the additional benefits conferred by the specific fatty acid.

Abstract: A process produces vinyl ether compounds and includes allowing a vinyl ester compound represented by following Formula (1): wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom or an organic group, to react with a hydroxy compound represented by following Formula (2): R5OH??(2) wherein R5 is an organic group, in the presence of at least one transition element compound to thereby yield a vinyl ether compound represented by following Formula (3): wherein R2, R3, R4 and R5 have the same meanings as defined above. Such transition element compounds include iridium compounds and other compounds containing Group VIII elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides acetic anhydride, a method of purifying crude acetic anhydride, and a method of producing polyoxytetramethylene glycol using acetic anhydride. A method of producing polyoxytetramethylene glycol by ring-opening-polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in the presence of acetic anhydride and an acid catalyst, wherein said ring-opening polymerization is conducted using acetic anhydride having a diketene concentration of 10 ppm or less to produce polyoxytetramethylene glycol.

Abstract: Acetyl anhydrides such as acetyl sulfate are produced by a process for comprising contacting methane and carbon dioxide in an anhydrous environment in the presence of effective amounts of a transition metal catalyst and a reaction promoter, and an acid anhydride compound, and optionally an acid. The acetyl anhydride can be contacted with water to produce acetic acid or with an alcohol to produce a product comprising an acetate ester and that may also comprise acetic acid. Optionally, water in stoichiometric amounts or less, with respect to the acetic anhydride, may be fed to a continuous process of this type to produce some acetic acid in situ.

Abstract: There is disclosed an advantageous mixed acid anhydride production method of formula (1):

Abstract: A safe and effective process for the oxidation of a primary or secondary alcohol to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone via the reaction of said alcohol with an anhydride solution of a 1,1,1-tri(C2-C4 alkanoyloxy-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one, and a composition useful in this process.

Abstract: There is disclosed an advantageous mixed acid anhydride production method of formula (1): R1C(O)OY(O)n(R2)p  (1) wherein R1, R2 and Y denote the same as defined below, n and p denote an integer of 1 or 2, which is characterized by adding a carboxylic acid of formula (2); R1COOH  (2) wherein R1 denotes a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or the like, an organic base to a solution of a carboxylic acid activating agent of formula (3); (R2)pY(O)nX  (3) wherein R2 denotes an optionally substituted aliphatic hydrocarbyl group or the like, Y denotes a carbon atom, a phosphorus atom, or a sulfur atom, and X denotes a chlorine atom or the like.

Abstract: A 2-methoxyphenol derivative and an ink composition containing the 2-methoxyphenol derivative, an aqueous medium, and a colorant enhance light resistance by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light, provide wettability and stabilize a colorant. The ink composition prepared using the 2-methoxyphenol derivative also has improved light resistance, wettability and stabilizes a colorant and does not require an additional light-resistant agent.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising organic anhydrides having a reduced tendency to discolor with time, even when held at elevated temperatures for extended times. The compositions are produced by mixing at least one acid halide and various derivatives of hydroxy carboxylic acids with an anhydride to form a homogenous solution. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the compositions.

Abstract: Water-dilutable oils ABC comprising building blocks derived from oils A having on average at least one olefinic double bond per molecule, cyclic olefinically unsaturated anhydrides B, and organic acids C which contain at least one acid group and at least one further group which reacts with a cyclic acid anhydride with ring opening and addition, a process for their preparation, and their use as an addition to aqueous resins and dispersions

Abstract: A composite metal polybasic salt containing a trivalent metal and magnesium as metal components and having a novel crystal structure, and a method of preparing the same. The invention further deals with a composite metal polybasic salt which has anion-exchanging property, which by itself is useful as an anion-exchanger, capable of introducing anions suited for the use upon anion-exchange, and finds a wide range of applications, and a method of preparing the same. The composite metal polybasic salt has a particular chemical composition and X-ray diffraction peaks, and further has a degree of orientation (Io) of not smaller than 1.5.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing high molecular weight polymer comprising the step of reacting one or more preformed linear polymers with one or more cores (as hereinbefore defined) to form high molecular weight polymers, wherein the preformed linear polymers are at a temperature in the range from the melting point of the preformed linear polymers to 330° C.

Abstract: (Meth)acrylic acid is reacted with a fatty acid anhydride and the resultant reaction mixture is neutralized and washed with an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of 7.5 to 13.5. Thus, high-purity (meth)acrylic anhydride can be industrially advantageously produced while avoiding polymerization. This (meth)acrylic anhydride is reacted with a secondary or tertiary alcohol in the presence of a basic compound which in 25° C. water has an acidity (pKa) of 11 or lower. Thus, a high-purity (meth)acrylic ester can be produced in high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising organic anhydrides having a reduced tendency to discolor with time, even when held at elevated temperatures for extended times. The compositions are produced by mixing at least one acid halide and various derivatives of hydroxy carboxylic acids with an anhydride to form a homogenous solution. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising organic anhydrides having a reduced tendency to discolor with time, even when held at elevated temperatures for extended times. The compositions are produced by mixing at least one acid halide and various derivatives of hydroxy carboxylic acids with an anhydride to form a homogenous solution. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising organic anhydrides having a reduced tendency to discolor with time, even when held at elevated temperatures for extended times. The compositions are produced by mixing at least one acid halide and various derivatives of hydroxy carboxylic acids with an anhydride to form a homogenous solution. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions comprising organic anhydrides having a reduced tendency to discolor with time, even when held at elevated temperatures for extended times. The compositions are produced by mixing at least one acid halide and various derivatives of hydroxy carboxylic acids with an anhydride to form a homogenous solution. Also disclosed is a process for preparing the compositions.

Abstract: A method of producing a polyoxyalkylene polymer having at least one crosslinkable silyl group and at least one hydroxyl group in each molecule which comprises treating a polyoxyalkylene polymer having at least one unsaturated group and at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in each molecule and an impurity double metal cyanide complex as mixed therein with a metal-coordinating compound and adding a compound having a hydrogen-silicon bond and a crosslinkable silyl group in each molecule and a hydrosilylation catalyst to thereby carry out the hydrosilylation reaction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid anhydride by the steps of (1) forming a mixed anhydride comprising a trifluoromethanesulfonyl acyl residue and a carboxyl residue by contacting trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or a derivative thereof with a carboxyl compound selected from ketene, dialkyl ketenes, carboxylic acids, and derivatives of carboxylic acids and (2) subjecting the mixed anhydride to reactive distillation wherein the mixed anhydride undergoes disproportionation to produce triflic anhydride and a higher boiling carboxylic acid anhydride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of aryl carboxylate esters by the reaction of a phenol reactant with an esterification agent selected from carboxylic acid anhydrides and carboxylic acid halides in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).

Abstract: The invention relates to polysiloxanes containing carboxyl groups that are useful for imparting water-repellency to substrates, a process for their preparation, a water-repellent system containing such polysiloxanes, and a process for the production of hydrophobic substrates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of N-carboxy-t-leucine anhydride in which the corresponding N-carboxy-t-leucine is subjected to a cyclization with the aid of an acyl halogenide. Preferably, acetyl chloride is used as acyl halogenide.

Abstract: The present invention provides acetic anhydride, a method of purifying crude acetic anhydride, and a method of producing polyoxytetramethylene glycol using acetic anhydride.

Abstract: Capped amine hardeners for epoxy resins, which are reaction products of amines A having at least two primary amino groups, cyclic alkylene carbonates B, aliphatic carbonyl compounds C and compounds D having at least two groups which react with hydroxyl groups, such that in the first step, 0.1 to 1 mol of the primary amino groups for each 1 mol of the amine A are converted to hydroxyalkylurethane groups by reaction with the cyclic alkylene carbonate B, and the remaining primary amino groups are converted by reaction with the aliphatic carbonyl compound C in a second step to give ketimine or aldimine groups, and finally in the third step at least two of the molecules formed from A, B, and C are linked through reaction of the hydroxyl groups of the hydroxyalkylurethane groups with compound D. These capped amine hardeners are suitable for formulating water-dilutable monocomponent epoxy resin systems. The amines are released by addition of water, and are available for the curing reaction with the epoxy groups.

Abstract: This invention features a template for synthesizing combinatorial libraries, methods of synthesizing combiatorial libraries of chemical compounds utilizing the template, and combinatorial libraries of chemical compounds formed by the methods of this invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water-soluble, haemolytically inactive dextran fatty carboxylate with amphiphilic properties made from a dextran with an average molecular weight of 5,000 to 100,000 and a C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 fatty acid, preferably a C.sub.12 fatty acid, wherein the average degree of substitution is between 0.005 and 0.15 and is adjusted, depending on the average molecular weight of the dextran fatty carboxylate and the chain-length of the fatty acid used, in such a way that the dextran fatty carboxylate is soluble in water at room temperature, a process for its preparation and pharmaceutical or cosmetic preparations which contain it as solubilizer.

Abstract: Polymer-bound mixed carboxylic anhydrides can be prepared under mild conditions by the condensation of carboxylic acids (including N-protected amino acids) with polymer-bound acid chlorides. These mixed anhydrides function as polymeric reagents in the sense that they will react readily with monomeric nucleophiles such as amines to form amide or peptide products, depending on the identities of the mixed anhydride and amine reactants. However, in spite of their reactivity, these polymeric mixed anhydrides exhibit a significant degree of stability under conditions of prolonged storage, which suggests that such compounds have commercial utility as a relatively stable form of highly activated carboxylic acids. The polymeric support can be reactivated and recycled for repeated use in the derivatization process.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging the blood pool, liver, spleen, and/or lymph system of a mammal comprising administering a contrast effective amount of a mixed carbonic anhydride as a contrast agent having the structure ##STR1## X is H, NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 is H or alkylR.sup.2 is COR.sup.3R.sup.3 is H, alkyl, hydroxyl-substituted alkyl, aryl or a steroidially derived moietyY is NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3 and ##STR2## Z is OR.sup.3 or This invention further relates to novel mixed carbonic anhydride contrast agents having the above structure and to x-ray contrast compositions comprising such agents, and to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging utilizing such agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel anhydrides of general formula (I), ##STR1## wherein Ar is an aryl radical, and either R.sub.1 is C.sub.6 H.sub.5 --CO or (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--CO, R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom and R.sub.3 is a hydroxy function protective grouping, or R.sub.1 is (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--CO and R.sub.2 together form a saturated 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring; preparation thereof; and uses thereof for preparing taxane derivatives having general formula (III), ##STR2## wherein R=H, acetyl; R.sub.1 is C.sub.6 --H.sub.5 --CO or (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--O--CO), and having antitumoral properties.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging the blood pool, liver, spleen, and/or lymph system of a mammal comprising administering a contrast effective amount of a mixed carbonic anhydride as a contrast agent having the structure ##STR1## X is H, NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 is H or alkylR.sup.2 is COR.sup.3R.sup.3 is H, alkyl or arylY is NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3 andZ is alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.This invention further relates to novel mixed carboxylic anhydride contrast agents having the above structure to x-ray contrast compositions comprising such agents, and to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging utilizing such agents.

Abstract: A new class of calcium-specific, NMR-active and/or fluorescent indicators having a high dissociation constant is described. Methods of determining intracellular calcium ion concentration using .sup.19 F NMR spectroscopy or optical methods are also provided.

Abstract: Polymer-bound mixed carboxylic anhydrides can be prepared under mild conditions by the condensation of carboxylic acids (including N-protected amino acids) with polymer-bound acid chlorides. These mixed anhydrides function as polymeric reagents in the sense that they will react readily with monomeric nucleophiles such as amines to form amide or peptide products, depending on the identities of the mixed anhydride and amine reactants. However, in spite of their reactivity, these polymeric mixed anhydrides exhibit a significant degree of stability under conditions of prolonged storage, which suggests that such compounds have commercial utility as a relatively stable form of highly activated carboxylic acids. The polymeric support can be reactivated and recycled for repeated use in the derivatization process.

Abstract: Compositions degrading by hydrolysis to release a bioactive compound having carboxylic acid moieties, which are organic acid anhydrides having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is a residue of a therapeutic bioactive compound, for example, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent; a penicillin or cephalosporin antibiotic; or bioactive compounds for non-therapeutic use, for example, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, antimicrobials, pesticides, pheromones, and fertilizers; m is an integer of between 1 and 3; and R is a carrier. The resulting mixed anhydrides are characterized by having between one and three drug molecules attached to a single carrier molecule. The prodrugs are highly susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation in a predictable and controlled fashion, have variable solubilities in water and lipids, with increased biomembrane transport, elicit a bio-affecting/pharmacological response, and are less irritating to topical and gastric or intestinal mucosal membranes.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging the blood pool, liver, spleen, and/or lymph system of a mammal comprising administering a contrast effective amount of a mixed carbamic anhydride as a contrast agent having the structure ##STR1## X is H, NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 is H or alkylR.sup.2 is COR.sup.3R.sup.3 is H, alkyl or arylY is NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3 andN is NR.sup.1 R.sup.4 andR.sup.4 is H, alkyl, aryl or CH(R.sup.5)CO.sub.2 R.sup.1.This invention further relates to novel mixed carbamic anhydride contrast agents having the above structure to x-ray contrast compositions comprising such agents, and to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging utilizing such agents.