Abstract: In one aspect, the disclosure relates to a method for the direct synthesis of complex N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamines by N—O bond formation. In another aspect, the method can successfully be employed using a wide variety of commercially available alcohols and secondary amines and enables the construction of large fragment-based libraries of trisubstituted hydroxylamines for drug discovery purposes. Also disclosed are N,N,O-trisubstituted hydroxylamines having low basicity, high stability at ambient temperatures, and an inherent lack of reactivity towards acetylating and sulfonylating enzymes that confer mutagenicity on less-substituted hydroxylamines.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound. Also described are pharmaceutical formulations thereof and methods of using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides novel chemical entities based on sugar alcohols. These new chemical entities are biocompatible and biodegradable. The molecules can be made in a single and pure form. The molecular weights of these molecules range from small (<1000 Da) to large (1000-120,000 Da). The sugar alcohol-based molecules can have functional groups throughout the molecule for crosslinking compounds, such as the preparation of antibody-drug conjugates, or to facilitate the delivery of therapeutic proteins, peptides, siRNA, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Also provided are new conjugate entities prepared through sugar alcohol molecules. Methods of synthesizing sugar alcohol-based molecules and conjugates are also within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: Novel compounds generally referred to herein as cationic oligomeric phenylene ethynylenes (OPEs), methods of synthesizing OPEs and various uses for the OPEs are described. The compounds can be synthesized in both symmetrical (S-OPE) and non-symmetrical (N-OPE) forms. Suitable uses include sensor and biocidal applications. Reusable structures incorporating the OPEs that are able to capture and release biological species of interest are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel O-dialkylamino-isoureas and polymerizable compositions comprising these O-dialkylamino-isoureas of compounds of the general formula (I). The invention further relates to the use of O-dialkylamino-isoureas as polymerization initiators, especially to prepare coatings or for controlled degradation of polyolefins.

Abstract: Provided are methionine analogs which may be useful for inhibiting protein synthesis, inhibiting microbial growth and/or treating infectious diseases. In some instances, the analogs exhibit bactericidal, antibacterial, anti-infective, antimicrobial, sporicidal, disinfectant, antifungal and/or antiviral properties. Also provided are methods of treatment and methods of preparation, as well as kits and unit dosages.

Abstract: The disclosed is a comb-shaped graft copolymer, including a back bone of PMMA and side chains of a random copolymer, a block copolymer, or a homopolymer polymerized of a monomer having a carbon-carbon double bond. The monomer can be alkyl acrylate, styrene, and the likes. The side chains terminal is grafted to a nitro-oxy compound.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) wherein R1 is C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; R2 is C1-C4alkyl; R3 is hydrogen or halogen; R4 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; R5 is hydrogen, halogen, C1-C4alkyl or C1-C4haloalkyl; G1 is a cyclohexenyl group which is mono- or polysubstituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C3-C6cycloalkyl and phenyl; said cyclohexenyl group can form together with a C1-C4 alkylene group a bicyclic system which can be mono- or poly-substituted by substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C3-C6cycloalkyl and phenyl; are suitable for use as microbiocides.

Abstract: Fenton and Fenton-like system enhancing agent and the usage thereof are provided. It relates to a water treatment enhancer (enhancing agent) and the usage thereof. It widens water pH range of Fenton and Fenton-like system reaction. It reduces amount of Fe2+ required for Fenton reaction. It increases rate of Fenton-like reaction. The enhancing agent is selected from sodium sulfite, lithium sulfite, potassium sulfite, magnesium sulfite, calcium sulfite, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylamine perchlorate, hydroxylamine sulfate, hydrazine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, amino ethanolamine, hydroxylamine solution or N,N,N?,N?-tetrasubstituted p-phenylenediamine. The method of use of enhancing agent comprises the steps of: adding Fenton or Fenton-like system enhancing agent, an agent for enhancement and hydrogen peroxide into water subject to treatment; and mixing and allowing reaction. The enhancing agent can increase the rate of reaction for the water treatment and reduce the dosage of the agent for enhancement.

Abstract: The present invention provides an efficient method for preparing atomoxetine in high yield. (R)-methylhydroxylaminopropanol compound of formula (II) in the present invention is used as an intermediate without the need for resolution processes.

Abstract: A composition and method demulsify a produced emulsion from anionic surfactants and polymer (SP) and alkali, surfactants, and polymer (ASP). The produced emulsion is demulsified into oil and water. In one embodiment, the composition includes a surfactant. The surfactant comprises a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or any combinations thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aminoglycol by reacting ketoximes with ethylene oxide under basic conditions to give a substituted 2-hydroxyethyl ketoxime and subsequently reacting the latter with an acid to give aminoglycol.

Abstract: An oxylamino group-containing compound represented by the following formula: R1—B-A-B—R2, wherein R1 represents a polymerizable group, R2 represents an oxylamino group-containing group or an oxylamino derivative-containing group, B represents an ester linkage or an amide linkage, and A represents an optionally substituted alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process and an apparatus for synthesizing nitroalkanes by reaction of a hydrocarbon feedstock with aqueous nitric acid. By using an isothermal reactor with multiple input ports for aqueous nitric acid, a hydrocarbon feedstock may be sequentially exposed to a plurality of flows of aqueous nitric acid as it flows through the reactor.

Abstract: A subject-matter of the invention is alkoxyamines resulting from ?-phosphorated nitroxides corresponding to the formula: in which R represents an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 3, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a residue: in which R3 represents an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 20, and R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having a number of carbon atoms ranging from 1 to 8, a phenyl radical, an alkali metal, such as Li, Na or K, H4N+, Bu4N+ or Bu3HN+, exhibiting a kinetic dissociation constant kd, measured at 120° C. by EPR, of greater than 0.05 s?1. These compounds can be used as initiators for the (co)polymerizations of at least one monomer which can be polymerized by the radical route.

Abstract: An indene derivative for selectively modulating the activities of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) having the following formula (I): wherein, R1 is C1-6 alkyl, C1-6 alkenyl, or C3-6 cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more phenyl groups; R2 is H, CN, CO2Ra, CH2CO2Ra, CONRbRc, or phenyl; R3 is C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, naphthyl, phenyl, being each unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, CN, NH2, NO2, ORa, phenyloxy, C1-6 alkyl, and C3-6 cycloalkyl; and R4, R5, R6, and R7 are each independently H, OH, OSO2CH3, O(CH2)mRe, CH2Rf, OCOCH2ORg, OCH2CH2ORg, OCH2CH?CHRg, or pyridine-2-yloxy, or R5 and R6 together form OCH2O.

Abstract: It is the objective to provide a method of stabilizing hydroxylamine at a high temperature and a high concentration or in a case that metal impurities such as Fe got mixed therewith, and a stabilized hydroxylamine solution. A method for stabilizing hydroxylamine related to the present invention is characterized by adding ethylenediamine-N,N?-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) as a preservation stabilizer.

Abstract: The invention relates to conjugates of formula (V) or (VI): wherein X is —CO—NH—, —NH—, —O—, —NHCONH—, or —NHCSNH—; their use as radiopharmaceuticals, processes for their preparation, and synthetic intermediates used in such processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing aminoglycol by reacting ketoximes with ethylene oxide under basic conditions to give a substituted 2-hydroxyethyl ketoxime and subsequently reacting the latter with an acid to give aminoglycol.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of amidoximes for prevention of or stabilization of hydroxylamine compounds against undesired decomposition.

Abstract: A stabilized hydroxylamine solution is disclosed. The stabilized solution comprises a selected stabilizer, which can be added during manufacture and/or storage of the hydroxylamine solution.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing a hydroxylamine by reacting a salt of hydroxylamine with an alkali compound, where the yield reduction due to formation of a complex between the produced hydroxylamine and a salt produced as a by-product or adsorption of the hydroxylamine to the by-product salt is decreased, and a high-concentration and high-purity hydroxylamine is safely produced at a high yield. The process for producing a hydroxylamine of the present invention comprises a reaction step of reacting a salt of hydroxylamine with an alkali compound to obtain a hydroxylamine while keeping the reaction solution at a pH of 7 or more, a purification step of purifying the hydroxylamine by ion exchange, and a concentration step of concentrating the hydroxylamine by distillation at the column bottom.

Abstract: The invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising primary N-hydroxylamines and related therapeutic, prophylactic, diagnostic and screening methods. The pharmaceutical compositions generally comprise a pharmaceutical composition comprising an orally administrable effective unit solid dosage of a primary N-hydroxylamine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and substantially free of a nitrone corresponding to the hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Fouling in basic washing systems such as caustic scrubbers can be prevented or at least mitigated by treating the liquid washing phase used in a caustic scrubber with an additive having at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxalyl dihydrazide, a disulfite salt, isopropyl hydroxylamine, chlorobenzhydrazide, aminobenzhydrazide, a thiosulfate salt, 4,4-dimethyl oxazolidine, a hydrosulfite salt, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydroxylamine is provided that includes the steps of (i) pretreating an acidic buffer solution; and (ii) reducing nitrate ions in the acidic buffer solution with hydrogen to give hydroxylamine in the presence of catalysts, wherein the pretreatment is performed by adding a precipitant represented by formula (I) to the acidic buffer solution, [(A)aM(CN)6.xH2O]??(I) allowing the metal impurities in the acidic buffer solution to react with the precipitant to form metal complex, and then to remove the metal complex. The metal complex is formed and separated by pretreating the acidic buffer solution with a specific precipitant without adjusting pH and changing the composition of the acidic buffer solution prior to hydroxylamine synthesis, thus enhancing the selectivity of the hydroxylamine production.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydroxylamine, comprising the steps of: (i) pretreating the acidic buffer solution with the compounds having a functional group represented by formula (I), thereby removing metal impurities from the acidic buffer solution; and (ii) reducing nitrate ions in the acidic buffer solution with hydrogen to give hydroxylamine in the presence of catalysts, According to the present invention the selectivity for reducing nitrate ions to give hydroxylamine can be significantly enhanced.

Abstract: A process for preparing N,N-dihydrocarbylhydroxylamines of the general formula (I) where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are selected independently from among hydrogen, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heteroaromatic and aromatic radicals, or R1 and R2 and/or R3 and R4 are joined to form a ring, and not more than one radical among R1, R2, R3 and R4 is hydrogen, which comprises the steps a) reaction of hydroxylamine H2NOH or a salt of hydroxylamine with a compound of the general formula (II) or (III) where R1, R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in formula (I), b) hydrogenation of the compound formed in step a) in the presence of a catalyst, c) further reaction of the compound formed in step b) with a compound of the general formula (II) or (III) and hydrogenation of the reaction mixture in the presence of a catalyst and d), if appropriate, reaction of the salt of the dihydrocarbylhydroxylamine formed in step c) with a base.

Abstract: A method for preparing hydroxylamine by reducing nitric acid or its salt with hydrogen gas in an aqueous medium in the presence of a catalyst, wherein reduction of nitric acid or its salt is performed in a reactor comprising a reaction section, a cooler disposed at the lower portion of the reactor, and a middle gas distributor and a lower gas distributor respectively disposed above and below the cooler for introducing hydrogen gas into the reaction section. According to the present invention, gas distribution become more uniform by disposing the gas distributors at different positions of the reactor, which results in higher yield of hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and (IA) have antibacterial or antiprotozoal activity: formula (1) formula (2) wherein: Z represents a radical of formula N(OH)CH(?O) or of formula C(?O)NH(OH); R1 represents hydrogen, methyl or trifluoromethyl, or, except when Z is a radical of formula N(OH)CH(?O), a hydroxy or amino group; R2 represents a radical of formula R10—(X)n-(ALK)m- wherein R10 represents hydrogen, or an optionally substituted c1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl group, ALK represents a straight or branched divalent C1-C6 alkylene, C2-C6 ?alkenylene, or C2-C6 alkynylene radical, and may be interrupted by one or more non-adjacent NH—, —O— or S— linkages, X represents NH—, —O— or S—, and m and n are independently 0 or 1; R3 represents hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl, or benzyl; and R4 is as defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to open chain alkoxyamine compounds, a polymerizable composition comprising a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer and b) at least one open chain alkoxyamine compound. Further aspects of the present invention are a process for polymerizing ethylenically unsaturated monomers, and the use of open chain alkoxyamine compounds for controlled polymerization. The intermediate N-oxyl derivatives, a composition of the N-oxyl derivatives with ethylenically unsaturated monomers and a free radical initiator X, as well as a process and their use for polymerization are also subjects of the present invention.

Abstract: An O-substituted hydroxylamine having the following general formula: R1—CHX—O—NH2 wherein X is hydrogen or an alkyl; and R1 is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl or —CR2?CR3R4; wherein R2, R3 and R4 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl. The O-substituted hydroxylamine exhibits at least one property selected from the group consisting of: essentially free of hydroxylamine; essentially free of any solvent; a water content of between about 0% to 90% by weight; and a high strength (as measured by mole of the O-substituted hydroxylamine per gram of sample) of between about 0.5 to 3.3-fold as much as a 40% O-substituted hydroxylamine salt solution, by weight. The O-substituted hydroxylamine further comprising at least one additional property selected from the group consisting of: a purity of between about 98% to 100%, based on gas chromatographic area; and a purity drop of less than about 1.2% after 78 days at 40° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel triazolopyrimidines of the formula in which R1, R2, R3 and X have the meanings given in the disclosure, and acid addition salts thereof, to a plurality of processes for preparing these novel substances, and to their use for controlling unwanted microorganisms. The invention further relates to novel amines and carbamates of the formulae indicated in the description and to processes for preparing these intermediates.

Abstract: A polymer adapted for the Shrink resist treatment of textile materials imparting water, stain and/or oil repellency. The polymer includes a fluorinated polyether.

Abstract: Multiphasic reactions, especially those reactions using a phase transfer catalyst, are conducted in microchannel apparatus. Advantageously, these reactions can be conducted with two, planar microlayers of reactants in adjacent laminar flow streams. Microchannel apparatus and methods for conducting unit operations such as reactions and separations in microchannel apparatus is also described. Microchannel apparatus can provide advantages for controlling reactions and separating products, solvents or reactants in multiphase reactions.

Abstract: A C-nitroso compound having a molecular weight ranging from 225 to 1,000 (from 225 to 600 for oral administration) on a monomeric basis wherein a nitroso group is attached to a tertiary carbon, which is obtained by nitrosylation of a carbon acid having a pKa less than about 25, is useful as an NO donor. When the compound is obtained from a carbon acid with a pKa less than about 10, it provides vascular relaxing effect when used at micromolar concentrations and this activity is potentiated by glutathione to be obtained at nanomolar concentrations. When the compound is obtained from a carbon acid with a pKa ranging from about 15 to 20, vascular relaxing effect is obtained at nanomolar concentrations without glutathione. In another embodiment, a biocompatible polymer incorporates a C-nitroso moiety.

Abstract: An initiator system for radical polymerization, which comprises a combination of compounds of the formulae:

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for easily producing a tertiary amine with high yield. A tertiary amine represented by general formula (1) is produced by adding a metal-containing reagent represented by general formula (6) into a reaction system consisting of thioamide represented by general formula (4), a methylating agent represented by general formula (5) and a solvent, and then adding thereto a Grignard reagent represented by general formula (7).

Abstract: A process for preparing alkoxyamines in a biphasic medium comprises mixing an ionic liquid, an organic solvent, a metal salt, a ligand for the metal, a halocarbon compound ZX and a nitroxide, keeping the reaction medium stirring at a temperature of between 20° C. and 90° C. until the nitroxide has disappeared, separating the mixture by decantation, recovering the organic phase, and optionally washing it with water and then isolating the alkoxyamine by evaporating the organic solvent under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A one-pot process for the preparation of functional alkoxyamines of the general formula (I), is disclosed. The process entails (1) reacting an oxidizing agent with a sterically hindered secondary amine to produce an aqueous phase and a nitroxyl radical (2) removing the aqueous phase and adding to the nitroxyl radical one or more vinyl monomer(s) conforming to a formula and a system which produces free radicals. Also disclosed is a process of polymerizing monomers using the functional alkoxyamine.

Abstract: A one-pot process for the preparation of alkoxyamines conforming to formulae (I) or (II), preferably (I) 1

Abstract: A one-pot process for the preparation of functional alkoxyamines of the general formula (I), 1

Abstract: For the preparation of a multimodal polymer at least one monomer is subjected to free radical polymerization in the presence of several alkoxyamines comprising the sequence of formula: in which RL is a monovalent radical exhibiting a molar mass of greater than 15, A represents the core of the alkoxyamine and n is a non-zero integer, the alkoxyamines exhibiting different values of n.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new process for the preparation of functionalized alkoxyamine initiators, new alkoxyamine initiators based on (meth)acrylate which are prepared by this process, and their use for the preparation of polymers.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing N-substituted hydroxylamines from N-substituted aryl- or heteroaryloxaziridines by acid hydrolysis and isolation of the N-substituted hydroxylamines in the form of their salts.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): R1CH2(OR2)ONH2, wherein R1 is hydrogen or methyl and R2 is a C1-C6 alkyl group, or a salt thereof are useful as reagents for the synthesis of biologically active hydroxyaminocarbonyl- and N-formyl-N-hydroxylamino-containing compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of high-purity, stabilized hydroxylamine solutions in which an aqueous hydroxylamine starting solution is treated with an anion exchanger which has been pre-loaded with a hydroxylamine stabilizer in order to remove anions.

Abstract: The invention relates to open chain alkoxyamine compounds useful as polymerization regulators. The open chain alkoxyamine compounds are useful for the polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers. The compounds of the present invention provide polymeric resin products having low polydispersity. The polymerization process proceeds with enhanced monomer to polymer conversion efficiency. In particular, this invention relates to stable free radical-mediated polymerization processes which provide homopolymers, random copolymer, block copolymers, multiblock copolymers, graft copolymers and the like, at enhanced rates of polymerization and enhanced monomer to polymer conversions.

Abstract: Novel salts of N-tert-butylhydroxylamine with lower carboxylic acids are disclosed, together with processes for their preparation. The salts possess advantageous properties that render them useful in synthesis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing alkoxyamines. This process consists in mixing, in an organic solvent, a metal salt, a ligand for the metal, a halocarbon compound ZX and a nitroxide, in keeping the reaction medium stirring at a temperature of between 20° C. and 90° C. until the nitroxide has disappeared, in recovering the organic phase, in washing it with water and then in isolating the alkoxyamine by evaporating the organic solvent under reduced pressure.

Abstract: A method for controlling the rheology of aqueous systems, particularly for those intended for underground use, includes injecting an aqueous fluid containing a surfactant gelling agent into the system. The surfactant gelling agents are, for example, fatty aliphatic amidoamine oxides, salts of an alkoxylated monoamine with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and salts of an alkyldiamine with an aromatic dicarboxylic acid. The surfactant gelling agents can be absorbed onto particulate supports to facilitate delivery of the gelling agent. The additives may be incorporated in the viscoelastic fluid to tailor its use in hydraulic fluids, drilling muds, fracture fluids, and in applications such as permeability modification, gravel packing, cementing, and the like.