Polycyclo Ring System Patents (Class 564/458)
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Patent number: 11639328Abstract: A method for preparing amantadine includes chlorinating adamantane with chlorine gas in a solvent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to obtain a reaction liquid, and then removing the solvent and residues containing the catalyst in the reaction liquid, to obtain a chlorinated product. The chlorinated product is mixed with urea to a mixture, and the mixture is subjected to an amination reaction, to obtain amantadine. The results of examples show that the purity of the prepared amantadine could reach 99.5% or more.Type: GrantFiled: May 19, 2020Date of Patent: May 2, 2023Assignee: Shandong Holly Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Inventors: Lanhua Li, Yuenan Qiu, Donghong Xu, Zhiyuan Liu, Huaqiang Wu, Zhufeng Zhou, Lihong Chen, Zhen Lin
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Patent number: 9034085Abstract: A composition of matter, and method to make same, for a nano-based material including a nanocarbon support to which is attached an aliphatic amine. In particular, the composition of matter is an aliphatic amine-nanocarbon material that includes a nanocarbon (NC) support, such as C60, nano-graphite, graphene, nanocarbon ribbons, graphite intercalation compounds, graphite oxide, nano-coal, nanohorns, and combinations thereof, and further includes an aliphatic amine, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI).Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 2013Date of Patent: May 19, 2015Assignee: WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITYInventors: Andrew R. Barron, Eoghan Dillon
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Publication number: 20140275323Abstract: Oligomer-grafted nanofiller compositions and composites including oligomer-grafted nanofillers are disclosed. An oligomer-grafted nanofiller composition for disposition in a polymer matrix, the polymeric matrix comprising polymers derived from a plurality of polymerizable units, can include a nanoparticle, one or more coupling groups bonded to the nanoparticle; and one or more oligomers bonded to the one or more coupling groups. In an embodiment the oligomer is derived from two or more polymerizable units, at least one polymerizable unit being at least substantially similar to at least one of the polymerizable units of the polymer matrix. In another embodiment the oligomer comprises two or more polymerizable units and improves dispersion, interfacial strength, or both dispersion and interfacial strength between the nanoparticle and the polymer matrix. Composites and methods are also disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 14, 2014Publication date: September 18, 2014Inventors: Francis R. Thibodeau, Yuqiang Qian, Andreas Stein, Christopher W. Macosko
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Patent number: 8784520Abstract: Methods of treating a plurality of particles involve functionalizing a plurality of microscale diamond particles by covalently bonding one or more molecular groups selected from OH functional groups, —COOH functional groups, —R—COOH functional groups, wherein R includes alkyls, -Ph-COOH functional groups, wherein Ph includes phenolics, polymers, oligomers, monomers, glycols, sugars, ionic functional groups, metallic functional groups, and organo-metallic functional groups to outer surfaces of at least some particles of the plurality of microscale diamond particles. A stability of the functionalized plurality of microscale diamond particles in dispersion is increased as compared to a plurality of microscale diamond particles that has not been functionalized.Type: GrantFiled: June 30, 2011Date of Patent: July 22, 2014Assignee: Baker Hughes IncorporatedInventors: Soma Chakraborty, Gaurav Agrawal
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Patent number: 8636830Abstract: A composition of matter, and method to make same, for a nano-based material including a nanocarbon support to which is attached an aliphatic amine. In particular, the composition of matter is an aliphatic amine-nanocarbon material that includes a nanocarbon (NC) support, such as C60, nano-graphite, graphene, nanocarbon ribbons, graphite intercalation compounds, graphite oxide, nano-coal, nanohorns, and combinations thereof, and further includes an aliphatic amine, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI).Type: GrantFiled: June 13, 2011Date of Patent: January 28, 2014Assignee: William Marsh Rice UniversityInventors: Andrew R. Barron, Eoghan Dillon
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Publication number: 20130000209Abstract: Methods of treating a plurality of particles comprise functionalizing a plurality of microscale diamond particles by covalently bonding one or more molecular groups selected from the group consisting of —OH functional groups, —COOH functional groups, —R—COOH functional groups, wherein R comprises alkyls, —Ph—COOH functional groups, wherein Ph comprises phenolics, polymers, oligomers, monomers, glycols, sugars, ionic functional groups, metallic functional groups, and organo-metallic functional groups to outer surfaces of at least some particles of the plurality of microscale diamond particles. A stability of the functionalized plurality of microscale diamond particles in dispersion is increased as compared to a plurality of microscale diamond particles that has not been functionalized.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 30, 2011Publication date: January 3, 2013Applicant: BAKER HUGHES INCORPORATEDInventors: Soma Chakraborty, Gaurav Agrawal
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Publication number: 20120251449Abstract: The present invention claims fluoro- & iodo-containing aldehydes as ALDH substrates for use as diagnostic imaging agents or as therapeutic agents. The aldehydes are both directly and indirectly attached to an aromatic or a straight chain ring. ALDH activity was monitored either by the formation of acid-product or consumption of aldehyde substrates.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 22, 2010Publication date: October 4, 2012Inventors: Vijaya Raj Kuniyil Kulangara, Alan Cuthbertson, Peter Iveson, Chitralekha Rangaswamy, Veena Rao, Rajiv Bhalla
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Publication number: 20120024153Abstract: A composition of matter, and method to make same, for a nano-based material including a nanocarbon support to which is attached an aliphatic amine. In particular, the composition of matter is an aliphatic amine-nanocarbon material that includes a nanocarbon (NC) support, such as C60, nano-graphite, graphene, nanocarbon ribbons, graphite intercalation compounds, graphite oxide, nano-coal, nanohorns, and combinations thereof, and further includes an aliphatic amine, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI).Type: ApplicationFiled: June 13, 2011Publication date: February 2, 2012Applicant: WILLIAM MARSH RICE UNIVERSITYInventors: Andrew R. Barron, Eoghan Dillon
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Publication number: 20110232178Abstract: Compounds and methods that release 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-trifluoromethylcyclopropene, and other substituted cyclopropenes are disclosed. The compounds and methods overcome present limitations for storage, transportation, and application of the cyclopropene containing compounds by using light, including sunlight, and/or heat as the primary release trigger. Additional products released include innocuous gases and value added aryl-group compounds.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 23, 2011Publication date: September 29, 2011Inventors: John Perrin Davis, Cheryl D. Stevenson
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Patent number: 7981930Abstract: Kits comprising an M2 inhibitor selected from amantadine and rimantadine; ribavirin, and a neuraminidase inhibitor (NAi) in an amount that is antivirally effective in the combination, an oral dosage form containing 75-250 mg of the M2 inhibitor, an oral dosage form comprising 100-400 mg of ribavirin and a neuraminidase inhibitor are provided for the treatment of influenza. Some embodiments of the kits comprise an oral dosage form containing 75-250 mg of the M2 inhibitor, an oral dosage form comprising 100-400 mg of ribavirin, and a neuraminidase inhibitor.Type: GrantFiled: February 29, 2008Date of Patent: July 19, 2011Assignee: Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Inventors: Jack Nguyen, Gregory T. Went, Paul Spence, Timothy J. Fultz, David Chernoff, Terry L. Burkoth, Rowan Chapman, Mickey S. Urdea
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Publication number: 20110124912Abstract: The invention at hand describes functionalized diols of diamondoids, in which one of the two hydroxy groups is masked by a protective group, as well as methods for producing these functionalized diols. The protective group is a group —CHR1R2, wherein R1 and R2 stand for alkyl groups and the protective group comprises at least one halogen atom. The monoethers of the diamondoid diols according to the present invention are produced by reacting the diamondoid diol with a halogenated alcohol CHOHR1R2 in the presence of a catalyst acid. The monoetherified diols allow for the targeted production of derivatives of diamondoids, for example, of the corresponding aminoalcohols and aminocarboxylic acids. For that purpose, the diamondoid monoether is reacted in a first step with a halogen nitrile in a Ritter reaction to the corresponding monoether amide.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 2, 2009Publication date: May 26, 2011Applicant: JUSTUS-LIEBIG-UNIVERSITAT GIESSENInventors: Peter R. Schreiner, Hartmut Schwertfeger
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Publication number: 20110082053Abstract: Provided is a molecular rectifier comprised of a diamondoid molecule and an electron acceptor attached to the diamondoid molecule. The electron acceptor is generally an electron accepting aromatic species which is covalently attached to the diamondoid.Type: ApplicationFiled: January 30, 2009Publication date: April 7, 2011Inventors: Wanli Yang, Zhi-Xun Shen, Harindran C. Manoharan, Nicholas A. Melosh, Michael A. Kelly, Andrey A. Fokin, Peter R. Schreiner, Jason C. Randel
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Patent number: 7858660Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods are provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza.Type: GrantFiled: June 2, 2009Date of Patent: December 28, 2010Assignee: Adamas Pharmaceuticals, Inc.Inventors: Jack Nguyen, Gregory T. Went, Paul Spence, Timothy J. Fultz, David Chernoff, Terry L. Burkoth, Rowan Chapman, Mickey S. Urdea
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Publication number: 20100317767Abstract: Disclosed is a fullerene film which can be easily formed by a wet process without deteriorating the intrinsic properties of a fullerene by using a fullerene derivative as a raw material. Also disclosed are a fullerene polymer, a method for producing a fullerene film, and a method for producing a fullerene polymer. A fullerene film or a fullerene polymer maintaining the intrinsic properties of the fullerene is obtained by coating a base with a solution of a fullerene derivative which is decomposed at a temperature lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the fullerene, for example one represented by the formula below, and then heating the thus-obtained coating film at a temperature higher than the thermal decomposition temperature of the fullerene derivative but lower than the thermal decomposition temperature of the fullerene.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 26, 2007Publication date: December 16, 2010Applicants: FRONTIER CARBON CORPORATION, MITSUBISHI CHEMICAL CORPORATIONInventors: Katsutomo Tanaka, Masatoshi Takagi
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Patent number: 7838704Abstract: The present invention relates to a synthetic method for terbinafine and analogues thereof using metal catalysts, preferably Ni(II) salts and/or complexes.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 2005Date of Patent: November 23, 2010Assignee: F.I.S. Fabbrica Italiana Sintetici S.p.A.Inventors: Federico Della Negra, Cristiano Grandini, Mariano Stivanello
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Publication number: 20100190985Abstract: This invention is related to heteroatom containing diamondoids (i.e., “heterodiamondoids”) which are compounds having a diamondoid nucleus in which one or more of the diamondoid nucleus carbons has been substitutionally replaced with a noncarbon atom. These heteroatom substituents impart desirable properties to the diamondoid. In addition, the heterodiamondoids are functionalized affording compounds carrying one or more functional groups covalently pendant therefrom. This invention is further related to polymerizable functionalized heterodiamondoids. In a preferred aspect of this invention the diamondoid nuclei are triamantane and higher diamondoid nuclei. In another preferred aspect, the heteroatoms are selected to give rise to diamondoid materials which can serve as n- and p-type materials in electronic devices can serve as optically active materials.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 14, 2009Publication date: July 29, 2010Applicant: Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Inventors: Shenggao Liu, Robert M. Carlson, Jeremy E. Dahl
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Patent number: 7405324Abstract: The present invention concerns a new process for synthesising aminoadamantanes of formula I in which R1 and R2 are identical or different and are H or a straight or branched alkyl group comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and addition salts thereof with inorganic or organic acids, in particular memantine hydrochloride (1-amino-3,5-dimethyladamantane hydrochloride).Type: GrantFiled: May 10, 2006Date of Patent: July 29, 2008Assignee: A.M.S.A. Anonima Materie Sintetiche E. Afini S.p.A.Inventors: Enrico Vigano′, Ernesto Landonio, Simona Lanfranconi, Renato Molteni
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Patent number: 6930128Abstract: The application discloses methods of treating mammalian diseases characterized by abnormal cell mitosis by administering estradiol derivatives including those comprising colchicine or combretastatin A-4 structural motifs of the general formulae found below in a dosage sufficient to inhibit cell mitosis. The application discloses novel compounds used in the methods.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 2003Date of Patent: August 16, 2005Assignee: The Children's Medical Center CorporationInventors: Robert John D'Amato, Moses Judah Folkman
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Publication number: 20040110987Abstract: A method for preparing metal salts of organic sulfonic acids such as tin alkane sulfonates by electrolysis is described.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 6, 2002Publication date: June 10, 2004Inventors: George P. Kinstle, Alex T. Magdics, Thomas E. Nappier
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Patent number: 6555959Abstract: A material for a light emitting device which is a compound represented by the following formula (I): wherein Ar1 and Ar6, which are the same or different, each represents a divalent aryl group or a divalent heterocyclic group; R2, R3, R7 and R8, which are the same or different, each represents an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an aliphatic hydrocarbon group; R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a, which are the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group, and at least one of R4a, R5a, R9a and R10a represents an electron withdrawing group having a Hammett's &sgr;p value of 0.Type: GrantFiled: September 29, 2000Date of Patent: April 29, 2003Assignee: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.Inventor: Kazumi Nii
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Patent number: 6392104Abstract: In the presence of an imide compound (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) shown by the formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group; or R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; Y is O or OH and n=1 to 3; or the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound), an adamantane derivative having a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is oxidized with oxygen. According to the above method, an adamantane derivative having a hydroxyl group together with a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is efficiently obtained.Type: GrantFiled: November 10, 1998Date of Patent: May 21, 2002Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Yasutaka Ishii, Tatsuya Nakano, Naruhisa Hirai
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Patent number: 6380434Abstract: Disclosed herein are fullerene derivatives of the formula, F(—E)n(—R1)p(—R2)q, in which F is a fullerene core; E is a nucleophilic substituent; R1 is an amino group or a hydroxyl group; R2 is an epoxide group and n is 1-30; p is 1-20; and q is 0-10. Also disclosed is a method of preparing such derivatives using polynitrofullerenes or polycyclosulfated fullerenes as intermediates.Type: GrantFiled: April 3, 2000Date of Patent: April 30, 2002Inventor: Long Y. Chiang
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Patent number: 6114392Abstract: The invention relates to the use of agmatine, in the treatment of acute neurotrauma (such as stroke) and degenerative disorders of the central and peripheral nervous system (such as dementia).The invention further provides novel compounds of general formula I (which are quinuclidine derivatives), formula II (which are norbornane derivatives), formula III (which are adamantane derivatives), and formula IV (which are phenothiazine derivatives): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, halogeno, amino, phenyl, or R.sub.4 NR.sub.5 ; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently hydrogen, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--NHR.sub.6, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--NH--NHR.sub.6, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--(NR.sub.7 .dbd.)CNHR.sub.6, or (CH.sub.2)n--[NH(CH.sub.2)x]y--NH(NR.sub.7 .dbd.)CNHR.sub.6 wherein n is from 0-5, y is from 0-5 and each x is independently from 1-5; R.Type: GrantFiled: April 16, 1996Date of Patent: September 5, 2000Inventors: Gad M. Gilad, Varda H. Gilad
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Patent number: 6046361Abstract: Polyorganofullerene and polyhydroxyorganofullerene derivatives have the respective formulas, F--(E).sub.n and F--(E).sub.n --(OH).sub.m, in which F is a fullerene core; E is a nucleophilic substituent; --OH is a hydroxy group; n is 2-30; and m is 1-20. Also disclosed is a method of preparing such polyorgano-fullerene and polyhydroxyorganofullerene derivatives using polynitrofullerenes or polycyclosulfated fullerenes as intermediates.Type: GrantFiled: November 20, 1997Date of Patent: April 4, 2000Inventor: Long Y. Chiang
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Patent number: 5986142Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing compounds of Formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is methyl by reduction of a camphene intermediate with a reducing agent.Type: GrantFiled: September 23, 1997Date of Patent: November 16, 1999Assignee: Poli Industria Chimica SpAInventors: Ambrogio Magni, Giovanni Signorelli
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Patent number: 5679861Abstract: The present invention is directed to C.sub.60 diamine adducts, processes for preparing them and polymers prepared from them. C.sub.60 diamine adducts is a symmetrical icosahegron which is composed of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons and links to 2 to 4 diamines. The processes for preparing the product comprises the steps of: adding C.sub.60 in benzene or toluene of a constant concentration to a certain amount of linear aliphatic diamine having the structural formula H.sub.2 N--(CH.sub.2)n--NH.sub.2 wherein n=2, 4 or 6 for reaction, or adding a definite amount of C.sub.60 directly to linear diamine of a definite concentration to produce C.sub.60 diamine adducts. Elemental analysis shows that the product contain about 5.9% nitrogen, about 72.6% carbon and about 3.84% hydrogen, and the number of diamine linked to C.sub.60 is in the range of 2 to 4. C.sub.60 diamine is useful as a polymerization monomer for the preparation of polyamides or relevant polymers.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: October 21, 1997Assignee: Industrial Technology Research InstituteInventors: Tung-Ying Kuo, Jih-Ru Hwu, Tsong-Ming Chang
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Patent number: 5599998Abstract: The present invention provides a method to prepare aminated bridgehead polycyclic hydrocarbons by reacting bridgehead halo polycyclic hydrocarbons with lithium metal under conditions of sonication and aminating the resultant lithio compounds.Type: GrantFiled: October 24, 1994Date of Patent: February 4, 1997Assignee: Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc.Inventor: George A. Kraus
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Patent number: 5235108Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing secondary alkylamine by selective hydrogenation of alkylnitrile using a nickel-containing catalyst which contains copper as promoter, said catalyst having a selectivity, as herein defined, of not more than 8.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1992Date of Patent: August 10, 1993Assignee: Engelhard De Meern B.VInventors: Frederik Borninkhof, Eugene G. M. Kuijpers, Pieter H. Berben
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Patent number: 5232526Abstract: This invention is for new compounds, namely, diethanolammoniummethylcubane nitrates, a composition of diethanolammonium methylcubyl nitrates - hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN) solutions and their method of use as aqueous liquid gun propellant ingredients.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1992Date of Patent: August 3, 1993Assignee: Thiokol CorporationInventors: Rodney L. Willer, Alfred G. Stern
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Patent number: 5232836Abstract: Vitamin D derivatives corresponding to the following formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 denotes a substituted alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, in particular the side chains of vitamin D.sub.2 (C.sup.20 to C.sup.28) or D.sub.3 (C.sup.20 to C.sup.Type: GrantFiled: February 18, 1992Date of Patent: August 3, 1993Assignee: Ire-Medgenix S.A.Inventors: Roger Bouillon, Pierre J. De Clerco, Pierre Eliard, Maurits Vanderwalle
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Patent number: 5041673Abstract: This invention relates to novel derivatives of tetralin, to the processes for their preparation, to their use as aminopeptidase inhibitors and to their end-use application as immunomodulators and as analgesic agents.Type: GrantFiled: January 4, 1990Date of Patent: August 20, 1991Assignee: Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc.Inventors: Hugues d'Orchymont, Celine Tarnus
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Patent number: 4878968Abstract: A compound having the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is --N.sup.+ H.sub.3 as found in claim 1 and R.sup.2 is either the same as F.sup.1 or hydrogen. "A" is an oxidizing anion, and X is selected to provide a neutral charge balance for the compound. A method of making a compound of the indicated structure from a compound of similar structure by an anion exchange process is also disclosed. Finally, propellant formulations incorporating the novel compounds of the present invention as fuels and oxidizers are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: January 12, 1988Date of Patent: November 7, 1989Assignee: Morton Thiokol, Inc.Inventors: Rodney L. Willer, Glen T. Cunkle, Nathan Klein
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Patent number: 4622430Abstract: Pentacyclo[6.3.0.0..sup.2,6.0.sup.3,10.0.sup.5,9 ]undecane and its derivatives are prepared. The compounds find use as antiviral agents.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1982Date of Patent: November 11, 1986Assignee: Noristan LimitedInventors: Theodor G. Dekker, Douglas W. Oliver, Friedrich O. Snyckers, Cornelis J. van der Schyf
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Patent number: 4332969Abstract: Novel substituted 11-aminoundecanols of the formula ##STR1## and a process for their preparation are described; in the formula, R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are hydrogen or alkyl having 1-8 C atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are alkyl having 1-8 C atoms, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and/or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with the bonding C atom form a cycloaliphatic ring having 4-8 C atoms, and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of one another are hydrogen or alkyl having 1-4 C atoms. The compounds of the formula I are valuable active compounds for combating plant pests.Type: GrantFiled: February 26, 1980Date of Patent: June 1, 1982Assignee: Ciba-Geigy CorporationInventors: Dieter Reinehr, Adolf Hubele
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Patent number: 4314942Abstract: An improved synthetic process for the removal of an allyl group in an allylic ester or an allyloxycarbonyl group in an allylic carbonate or carbamate by reaction with 2-ethylhexanoic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof and a catalytic amount of an organic-soluble palladium complex is disclosed herein.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 1979Date of Patent: February 9, 1982Assignee: Schering CorporationInventor: Stuart W. McCombie
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Patent number: 4275237Abstract: Heavy reaction product after separation as by distillation of light reaction product or diadduct from a reaction mixture obtained by reaction of olefinically unsaturated nitriles with monoolefinic hydrocarbons containing an allylic hydrogen atom is hydrogenated to produce a polyamine mixture useful as an epoxy resin hardener yielding cured resins exhibiting low water absorption.Type: GrantFiled: August 6, 1979Date of Patent: June 23, 1981Assignee: Philips Petroleum CompanyInventors: Charles A. Drake, Ralph P. Williams
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Patent number: RE39744Abstract: In the presence of an imide compound (e.g., N-hydroxyphthalimide) shown by the formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a cycloalkyl group; or R1 and R2 may bond together to form a double bond or an aromatic or non-aromatic ring; Y is O or OH and n=1 to 3; or the imide compound and a co-catalyst (e.g., a transition metal compound), an adamantane derivative having a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is oxidized with oxygen. According to the above method, an adamantane derivative having a hydroxyl group together with a functional group such as a nitro group, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxymethyl group and an isocyanato group is efficiently obtained.Type: GrantFiled: March 5, 1998Date of Patent: July 24, 2007Assignee: Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.Inventors: Yasutaka Ishii, Tatsuya Nakano, Naruhisa Hirai