Abstract: A process for preparing an organic polysulfide polymer, such as polyethylene trisulfide, is provided which comprises contacting a dimercaptan such as 1,2-ethanedithiol with elemental sulfur using a basic catalyst wherein the dimercaptan, elemental sulfur, and basic catalyst are each present in an effective amount to effect the preparation of the organic polysulfide polymer. A process for controlling the molecular weight of an organic polysulfide polymer is also provided which comprises contacting a mercaptan with a dimercaptan and sulfur, in the presence of a basic catalyst, under conditions sufficient to prepare an organic polysulfide polymer.

Abstract: Alkyl ethers of sulfur containing hydroxyl-derived aromatics have been found to be effective as high-performance synthetic lubricant base stocks with superior catalytic thermal/oxidative stabilities, excellent antiwear and load-carrying properties, as exemplified by bisphenol sulfide (BPS) based products. These ethers are also highly useful in fuel compositions.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel vinyl sulfenic acid derivatives, useful for the synthesis of benzo b!thiophenes, in particular 2-arylbenzo b!thiophenes.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a new process for the synthesis of vinyl sulfenic acid derivatives. These compounds are useful for the synthesis of benzo b!thiophenes, in particular 2-aryl-benzo b!thiophenes.

Abstract: Disclosed are a process for producing an over-based sulfurized alkaline earth metal phenate which comprises reacting either a mixture of reaction materials comprising a phenol, a dihydric alcohol, an alkaline earth metal reagent which is an alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide or a mixture of both, and sulfur or a mixture of these reaction materials with water, distilling off an excess amount of the dihydric alcohol and at least excess amount of water, and subsequently treating the resulting distillation residue with carbon dioxide, wherein the carbon dioxide treatment is carried out (A) in the presence of 0.001 to 0.7 mol of a fatty acid or a fatty amine per 1 mol of the alkaline earth metal reagent and (B) in the presence of either (i) 0.01 to 0.9 mol of water per 1 mol of the alkaline earth metal reagent or (ii) 0.05 to 5.

Abstract: Phenolic compounds, e.g., the phenols and phenol ethers, are selectively hydroxylated whereby the amounts of the final product para isomer are enhanced, for example in favor of hydroquinone versus pyrocatechol in the event of the hydroxylation of phenol, by reacting such phenolic compounds with hydrogen peroxide, advantageously in a polar, aprotic, organic solvent reaction medium, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a sulfonated polymer and a cocatalytically effective amount of an aromatic ketone compound.

Abstract: Thiobisphenols of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are straight or branch-chained alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, which are useful as antiodiants and synergists for antioxidants, are prepared by reaction of a 2,6-dialkylphenol with an excess of sulfur in a solvent comprising a mixture of an alcohol and water wherein the solvent contains from 10 to 50 wt. % of water.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from an organic sulfide containing three or more chemically bound sulfur atoms is disclosed wherein said sulfide is contacted with a defined catalyst at elevated temperature to increase the disproportionation rate and the corresponding sulfide of lower sulfur rank is continuously removed from the reaction zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of 6-trans-leukotriene B.sub.4 (LTB.sub.4) of formula ##STR1## in which a butadienediol is prepared; the hydroxyl groups are esterified to produce a diester and this diester is subjected to a stereospecific reductive elimination using low valency titanium [Ti(0)] to produce a 6-trans triether of formula: ##STR2## the groups --OA in positions 5 and 12 of which are then converted to --OH groups and the group --CH.sub.2 OA in position of which is then converted to a --COOH group, to produce 6-trans-LTB.sub.4.The invention also relates to intermediates obtained in the said manufacturing process.

Abstract: An antimicrobial composition and method for producing a stable, antimicrobial formulation of diiodomethyl-p-tolylsulfone is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to benzocyclobutene capped benzotrifluoride based fluoroaryl ether compounds which are useful in preparing semi-permeable membranes, and films and coatings useful in electronic applications.

Abstract: This invention is addressed to antioxidants which are polymerizable using the Ziegler catalyst system. The antioxidant of the present invention has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each aryl groups containing a hindered antioxidant structure imparting antioxidant properties to the compounds. The compounds of the present invention are useful in the polymerization of olefin compounds using Ziegler catalyst systems whereby the antioxidant of the invention becomes chemically bound to the polymer while, at the same time, imparting antioxidant properties thereto.

Abstract: Described herein is an isocyanate-reactive compound containing at least one linkage of the formula:--X--X--wherein X is independently in each occurrence --NR--, --S--, or --O--; R is independently in each occurrence hydrogen, C.sub.1-10 alkyl, aryl, or arylene; and at least one N, S, or O atom of the above formula is bonded to an aryl or arylene group. Also disclosed are isocyanate-reactive compositions containing the above compound and flexible polyurethane foams prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Radiation sensitive sulfonium salts which contain (1) a sulfonium initiator portion, (2) a spacer portion, and (3) a reactive group portion. The spacer portion has the formula "-o-w- x-z-" wherein "w" is a single bond or one of --C(O)--, --C(O)O--, --C(O)S--, --C(O)NH-- --C(O)N(alkyl)--, --C(S)--, --C(S)S--,--S(O)--, --S(O)(O)--, or --S(O)(O)O--; "X" is an unsubstituted or substituted alkylene radical; and "Z" is --O--, --NH--, --N(C,--C.sub.6 -alkyl)--, or --N(phenyl)--. The reactive group portion is --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 or --C(O)--C(Y).dbd.CH.sub.2 wherein "Y" is H, C.sub.1 -.sub.6 -alkyl, or phenyl. The sulfonium salts find use in curing monomers which can be subjected to cationic polymerization.

Abstract: A process for removing sulfur from an organic sulfide containing three or more chemically bound sulfur atoms is disclosed wherein said sulfide is contacted with a defined catalyst at elevated temperature to increase the disproportionation rate and the corresponding sulfide of lower sulfur rank is continuously removed from the reaction zone.

Abstract: Difluoromethylene compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CF.sub.2 --(A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2).sub.n --A.sup.4 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein and Q is --CO--, --O-- or --S--, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: This invention is addressed to antioxidants which are polymerizable using the Ziegler catalyst system. The antioxidant of the present invention has the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each aryl groups containing a hindered antioxidant structure imparting antioxidant properties to the compounds. The compounds of the present invention are useful in the polymerization of olefin compounds using Ziegler catalyst systems whereby the antioxidant of the invention becomes chemically bound to the polymer while, at the same time, imparting antioxidant properties thereto.

Abstract: A process for preparation of a copoly(arylene sulfide) corresponding to the structure ##STR1## wherein A is a divalent substituted or unsubstituted aromatic radical, T is a monovalent aromatic radical, x is in the range of 0.5 to 0.001 and n is an integer from 1 to 100.

Abstract: A liquid, sulfur-bridged, hindered phenol antioxidant composition is prepared by reacting a mixture of hindered phenols with a sulfur chloride in the presence of a polar modifier. The composition is an effective antioxidant in lubricating oils without causing excessive copper corrosion.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing dithiobisphenols wherein the appropriate phenol is reacted with sulfur monochloride in the presence of substantially molar amounts of an aliphatic or heterocyclic amine.

Abstract: A process for preparing an aromatic propargyl ether, preferably bispropargyl ether, from phenolic compounds comprising vigorously stirring a propargyl halide, preferably propargyl chloride, with a phenolic compound, such as bisphenol A, in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at a temperature of from about 0.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C., in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst such as tetrabutylammonium bromide. The mixture is then filtered to recover a solid product. That product is washed with water and propanol. This process provides a product having greater than 98% purity in yields ranging from 85 to 97% of theoretical.

Abstract: Mixtures of 4,4'-dithiobis and 4,4'-trithiobis(2,6-dialkylphenols) are made by reacting a 2,6-dialkylphenol with S.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 in a solvent comprising a nitroalkane, e.g. nitromethane, and optionally containing an acetonitrile co-solvent at a temperature of -10.degree. to 30.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for preparing sulfurized alkyl-substituted phenol which comprises: (1) charging to a reaction system having a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, (a) alkyl-substituted phenol wherein the alkyl substituent comprises about 8 to about 50 carbons, (b) sulfur, (c) dihydric alcohol, (d) alkaline earth metal base, and (e) water in an amount of from about 0.02 to about 0.4 moles water per mole of alkyl-substituted phenol; (2) reacting (a)-(e) at a temperature of about 270 to about 450.degree. F. at atmospheric pressure for about 1 to 5 hours, said reaction being conducted such that the water charged to the reaction vessel is retained therein by the reflux condenser.

Abstract: The bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfides mixture prepared according to the inventive method is advantageous in respect of the increased proportion of 4-mercaptophenol relative to less useful 2-mercaptophenol in the product obtained by the reductive decomposition of the mixture. The inventive method is characterized by performing the reaction of phenol and sulfur chloride in a specific solvent which is an ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether compound such as ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether and the like.

Abstract: An optically active 4-alkylbenzenethiol and an optically active bis(4-alkylphenyl)disulfide represented by the formula: ##STR1## respectively, wherein R.sub.1 * and R.sub.2 * are respectively an alkyl group having 4-12 carbon atoms including an asymmetric carbon atom, may be prepared, e.g., through halogenation or sulfonation of an optically active alcohol, followed by reaction with a phenylmagnesium halide, chlorosulfonylation and reduction. The optically active thiol or disulfide is effective, e.g., in preventing occurrence of reverse domain when added to a nematic liquid crystal, and also can be bonded to an intermediate to provide a functional material including a mesomorphic compound represented by the formula: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-18 carbon atoms, n is 1 or 2, and C* is an asymmetric carbon atom.

Abstract: A process for producing polythiobisphenols which comprises: reacting a phenol having the general formula ##STR1## wherein each R independently represents a hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl, with sulfur monochloride in a polar organic solvent in the presence of a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a catalyst which is selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines, quaternary ammoniums, alkylated acid amides and heteroaromatic compounds, in amounts of about 1-30% by weight based on the amount of the phenol used. As a catalyst, bromine or an alkali metal halide is also usable.A novel process for producing mercaptophenols by the hydrogenolysis of polythiobisphenols in the presence of a nickel catalyst is also disclosed. Raney nickel catalyst which is in advance poisoned with an organosulfur compound in which the sulfur atom has unshared electron pairs is especially effective as a catalyst.

Abstract: In a process for making 2,6-di-tertiarybutyl-4-mercaptophenol by the Zn/acid reduction of bis (3,5-di-tertiarybutyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)polysulfide the addition of catalytic amounts of lead to the zinc reagent results in substantial improvement in the process.

Abstract: Monomers and oligomers containing a plurality of vinylbenzyl ether groups are prepared by reacting a material containing a plurality of aromatic hydroxyl groups such as tetramethyltetrabromobisphenol A with a vinylbenzyl halide such as vinylbenzyl chloride in the presence of a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide. The monomers and oligomers prepared by this process have an improvement in one or more properties selected from dielectric constant (before and/or after moisture absorption) or thermal stability. Also disclosed are new monomers and oligomers containing a plurality of vinylbenzyl ether groups such as bis(vinylbenzyl)ether of dicyclopentadienyl bisdimethylphenol.

Abstract: Novel o-bridged polynuclear polyphenols of the formula I ##STR1## which contain at least one organic radical, such as alkyl, cycloalkyl or aryl, per phenyl nucleus and are formed by condensation of the monomeric phenolic components with customary bridging reagents, such as formaldehyde, acetone or sulfur dichloride, or by oxidative coupling of the monomeric phenolic components, and which, depending on the reaction procedure, can contain between 2 and 50 monomer units, are described.The substances according to the invention can be used for stabilizing plastics from oxidative degradation and have a good resistance to extraction.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the preparation of an overbased sulfurized alkaline earth metal alkylphenate product which provides improved bright stock solubility and reduced foam stability, the overbased alkylphenate products produced thereby, and lubricating oil compositions containing such overbased alkylphenate products. According to the process, a mixture of an alkylphenol having an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 40 carbon atoms, elemental sulfur, a dihydric alcohol containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkaline earth metal compound, a lubricating oil, and a high boiling point linear monohydric alcohol having from about 18 to about 60 carbon atoms is heated to a first temperature within the range of about 121.degree. C. (250.degree. F.) to about 204.degree. C. (400.degree. F.); the resulting intermediate product mixture is contacted with carbon dioxide at a second temperature below 193.degree. C. (380.degree. F.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the preparation of nitrodiphenyl disulfides by reacting halonitrobenzenes of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, R.sub.1 is hydrogen or nitro and R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, halogen, nitro or the sulfo group, with the proviso that at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is nitro, with an alkali disulfide, which process comprises carrying out the reaction in water with the addition of a non-ionic and/or anionic surfactant.Nitrodiphenyl disulfides are important intermediates and are used, inter alia, for the manufacture of textile dyes.

Abstract: An isomeric mixture of C- and O-allylated aromatic compounds is prepared by contacting an allyl halide, a hydroxyaromatic reactant, an alkaline agent, water and a quaternary salt catalyst. This mixture may be thermally isomerized to obtain the C-allylated compounds in high yield.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are inert monovalent hydrocarbon terminated polysulfide copolymers having the general structure ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from about 2 to about 8, l is zero or a positive integer, m is a positive integer, each R is independently an organic polyradical with the radicals residing on carbon atoms, p is zero or a positive integer which is the difference between the number of radicals on R and 2, and each Y is a terminal substituent that is an inert monovalent hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: Psoriasis in mammals is relieved by topically administering naphthalenes of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same and are lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, optionally substituted phenoxy or optionally substituted phenylthio,R.sup.3 is lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, or halo and m is 0, 1 or 2 or R.sup.3 is optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenyl lower alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl lower alkoxy, amino, lower alkylamino, lower dialkylamino, cyano, or S(O).sub.n R wherein R is lower alkyl; optionally substituted phenyl; optionally substituted phenyl lower alkyl; or optionally substituted heterocyclic aryl of three to nine ring atoms containing one or two heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof; and m is 1 and n is 0, 1 or 2; andW is alkyl of one to seven carbon atoms, optionally substituted phenyl or optionally substituted benzyl.

Abstract: Novel compounds are provided which have the formula ##STR1## where R is a substituent having at least five multivalent atoms. The compounds are reversible inhibitors of hydrolytic enzymes, and offer potential as drug and pesticide synergists and antagonists. Some are extremely potent inhibitors of juvenile hormone esterases. The compounds having the single 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-substituted thiopropan-2-one moiety can be immobilized to solid supports and used as ligands in affinity chromatography.

Abstract: Reaction products obtained by reacting certain hindered phenols with selected thiaalkene provide antioxidant properties when added to lubricants.

Abstract: Di(vinylaryl)alkyl polysulfides and curable, low odor (vinylaryl)alkyl-terminated polysulfide copolymers having the general structure ##STR1## wherein n is an integer from about 2 to about 8, 1 and m are positive integers, each R is independently an organic polyradical with the radicals residing on carbon atoms, p is zero or a positive integer which is the difference between the number of radicals on R and 2, and each Z is independently chosen from the class consisting of (vinylaryl)alkyl and other noncrosslinking monoradicals, provided that a sufficient proportion of the Z groups are (vinylaryl)alkyl that the polymer, when cured, does not cold flow. Additionally, a method of preparing said polymers and useful adhesive, sealant and caulking compositions made therefrom are disclosed.

Abstract: Polyether hydroxyl-containing compounds are prepared by reacting a monoepoxy-containing compound such as propylene oxide with a compound containing one or more OH and/or SH groups such as a low molecular weight adduct of glycerine and propylene oxide in the presence of a solid calcium naphthenate catalyst. The solid form of the catalyst is more efficient than the liquid form.

Abstract: Sulfurized phenols, e.g., phenol sulfides, disulfides or polysulfides, oligomers thereof or mixtures of same when treated with alkyl vinyl ethers provide excellent metal anti-corrosivity characteristics without significant reduction of antioxidant, antiwear or other desired properties when incorporated into organic media such as lubricants.

Abstract: Phenol sulfides, disulfides, polysulfides and oligomers thereof when reacted with alkyl vinyl ethers provide addition products substantially comprised of novel acetal derivatives which are effective oxidation inhibitors when incorporated into organic media normally susceptible to oxidative degradation.

Abstract: Hydroxyl-terminated liquid polymers having an aliphatic polymeric backbone and sulfide linkages near the terminal portions of the polymer molecule are prepared by polymerizing (1) at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group per monomer molecule, together with (2) a mixture of at least one hydroxyl-containing disulfide and at least one hydroxyl-containing trisulfide. Use of the above disulfide-trisulfide mixture permits viscosity control during polymerization with substantially less disulfide required than if the disulfide alone were used, and the resulting polymers have less odor and discolor less upon heating than if the disulfide alone were used.

Abstract: Metal phenates especially overbased phenates are prepared by reacting a basic metallic compound with a mixture of an alkyl phenol and an alkyldihydroxybenzene. The products are useful as lubricant additives with improved antirust properties, and when overbased, with higher basicity and lower viscosity.

Abstract: Lubricating oil additives, including the calcium salts of sulfurized alkylphenols and dispersants consisting of the reaction products of halogenated polyalkylenes and heterocyclic amines, are substantially decolorized by treatment with small amounts of alkali metal hydrides in a polar solvent at 20.degree. to 120.degree. C. Color improvement is obtained at concentrations ranging from 1 to 75 parts of an alkali metal hydride per 1000 parts of additive.

Abstract: Hydroxyl-terminated liquid polymers having an aliphatic polymeric backbone and sulfide linkages near the terminal portions of the polymer molecule are prepared by polymerizing (1) at least one vinylidene monomer having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group per monomer molecule, together with (2) a mixture of at least one hydroxyl-containing disulfide and at least one hydroxyl-containing trisulfide. Use of the above disulfide-trisulfide mixture permits viscosity control during polymerization with substantially less disulfide required than if the disulfide alone were used, and the resulting polymers have less odor and discolor less upon heating than if the disulfide alone were used.