Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel method for preparing cyclophanes, comprising forming a disulfide cyclophane by contacting a linker moiety which includes two or more thiol groups, with a metal salt and an oxidant. The disulfide cyclophane is then desulfurized to form a thiacyclophane comprising thioether bridges. This thiacyclophane optionally may be further desulfurized to form an unsaturated hydrocarbon cyclophane, which can then be reduced to form a saturated hydrocarbon cyclophane. The various cyclophanes can be synthesized in a ring form, such as a dimer, trimer or tetramer etc., or they can be synthesized in a tetrahedral or larger structure. Also disclosed are novel cyclophanes formed by the disclosed method.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method for preparing an alkali metal sulfide, from at least one oxygenated alkali metal compound comprising at least one step a) involving reacting said oxygenated alkali compound(s) with at least one sulfur compound of formula (I): in which: R represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical, containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is equal to 0, 1 or 2; x is equal to 0 or to a whole number having a value of between 1 and 10, preferably x is a whole number equal to 1, 2, 3 or 4; R? represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical, containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms or, only if n=x=0, a hydrogen atom; or indeed R and R? can form, together and with the sulfur atom(s) bearing them, a sulfur heterocycle containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, and optionally one or a plurality of heteroatoms chosen from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.

Abstract: A resist composition including a base component (A) which exhibits changed solubility in an alkali developing solution under action of acid and an acid-generator component (B) which generates acid upon exposure, the acid-generator component (B) including an acid generator (B1) consisting of a compound represented by general formula (b1-1) shown below: wherein RX represents a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent exclusive of a nitrogen atom; each of Q2 and Q3 independently represents a single bond or a divalent linkage group; Y1 represents an alkylene group or fluorinated alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and Z+ represents an organic cation exclusive of an ion represented by general formula (w-1).

Abstract: A method and compositions for sulfurizing at least one phosphite or thiophosphite linkage in an oligonucleotide. The methods employ a phenylacetyl disulfide reagent (known as PADS), phenylthioacetic acid (PTAA) in the presence or absence or N-alkyl imidazole in industrially preferred solvents or solvents that are derived from renewable resources. The use of PTAA eliminates the need to “age” the PADS solution prior to its use in sulfurization reactions.

Abstract: A one pot method of preparing cyclic carbonyl compounds comprising an active pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group is disclosed. The cyclic carbonyl compounds can be polymerized by ring opening methods to form ROP polymers comprising repeat units comprising a side chain pentafluorophenyl ester group. Using a suitable nucleophile, the pendant pentafluorophenyl ester group can be selectively transformed into a variety of other functional groups before or after the ring opening polymerization.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to catalytically active carbocatalysts, e.g., a graphene oxide or graphite oxide catalyst suitable for use in a variety of chemical transformations. In one embodiment, it relates to a method of catalyzing a chemical reaction of an organic molecule by reacting the organic molecule in the presence of a sufficient amount of graphene oxide or graphite oxide for a time and at a temperature sufficient to allow catalysis of a chemical reaction. According to other embodiments, the reaction may be an oxidation reaction, a hydration reaction, a dehydrogenation reaction, a condensation reaction, or a polymerization reaction. Some reactions may include auto-tandem reactions. The disclosure further provides reaction mixtures containing an organic molecule and graphene oxide or graphite oxide in an amount sufficient to catalyze a reaction of the organic molecule.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel method for the selective molecular conversion of raw material carbon nanotubes containing a mixture of metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconductive carbon nanotubes in a manner that is based on the electrical properties or diameter of the carbon nanotubes. The present invention causes a photoreaction of raw material carbon nanotubes containing a mixture of metallic carbon nanotubes and semiconductive carbon nanotubes with a disulfide or a sulfide of the following formula (I) or (II) (wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrocarbon group that may have a substituent) in an organic solvent that contains the raw material carbon nanotubes and the disulfide of the formula (I) or the sulfide of the formula (II), so as to selectively functionalize the metallic carbon nanotubes, or functionalize the carbon nanotubes diameter selectively.

Abstract: A method and compositions for sulfurizing at least one phosphite or thiophosphite linkage in an oligonucleotide. The addition of N-alkyl imidazole to the acetyldisulfide sulfurization solution enables the use of industrially preferred solvents or solvents that are derived from renewable resources.

Abstract: Methods are provided for using doxorubicin active agents in which reduced host toxicity is observed. Aspects of the methods including administering to a subject an effective amount of a doxorubicin active agent in conjunction with a doxorubicin toxicity-reducing adjuvant, e.g., a nitrone compound, or a nitrone compound in combination with a bisdioxopiperazine compound. Also provided are compositions for use in practicing the subject methods. The methods and compositions find use in a variety of different applications, including in the treatment of a variety of different disease conditions.

Abstract: New and useful methods for preparing bulky diaryl disulfides from a benzene derivative and sulfur halide are disclosed.

Abstract: A detergent composition comprising an esterified substituted benzene sulfonate, a hydrogen peroxide source, a soil suspending polymer, and an organic catalyst.

Abstract: Diallylic polysulfides (polysulfanes) are provided with sulfur chain lengths of 9 to 22. Also provided are bis(2-methyl-2-propenyl) polysulfides with sulfur chain lengths of 3 to 22. Also provided are 2-substituted bis(2-propenyl) polysulfides with sulfur chain lengths of 3 to 20. Also provided are the 2-cycloalken-1-yl polysulfides, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl polysulfides and 2-cyclopenten-1-yl polysulfides, with sulfur chain lengths of 3 to 20. Also provided are processes for extending the sulfur chain length of diallylic polysulfides and 2-substituted analogues thereof and allyl methyl polysulfides by bringing such compounds into contact with elemental sulfur and heating, or by mixing with molten sulfur.

Abstract: Polymer-filler coupling compounds with the formula B-A-Sx—N are claimed. In these compounds, B is an azaheterocyclic oxygen or sulfur containing moiety, or an allyltin moiety; Sx is a polysulfide, where x is between 2 and about 10; A is a linking atom or group that forms a bridge between B and Sx; and N is a blocking group. Sx can be a disulfide. N can be a conventional blocking group or other group such as -A-B. Methods for using the polymer-filler coupling compounds to modify polymers containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds and promote filler dispersion are also claimed. Additionally, vulcanizable rubber compositions containing the polymer-filler coupling compounds and methods for making vulcanized rubber compositions using the polymer-filler coupling compounds are also claimed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sulphur donor curing agent comprising a combination of between 10 and 90 wt % of a mixture of polysulphides of poly(alkyl phenol) and between 90 and 10 wt. % a compound of the formula R?NHCONHR? were R? and R? are the same or different and are hydrogen oa an alkyl or aryl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and methods of curing an EPDM-type rubber elastomer with the composition which presents no risk of the formation of nitrosamines.

Abstract: Novel substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides that act as fluorinating agents are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for their preparation and methods for their use in introducing one or more fluorine atoms into target substrate compounds. Finally, various intermediate compounds for use in preparing substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides are provided.

Abstract: Diallylic polysulfides (polysulfanes) are provided with sulfur chain lengths of 9 to 22. Also provided are bis(2-methyl-2-propenyl) polysulfides with sulfur chain lengths of 3 to 22. Also provided are 2-substituted bis(2-propenyl) polysulfides with sulfur chain lengths of 3 to 20. Also provided are the 2-cycloalken-1-yl polysulfides, 2-cyclohexen-1-yl polysulfides and 2-cyclopenten-1-yl polysulfides, with sulfur chain lengths of 3 to 20. Also provided are processes for extending the sulfur chain length of diallylic polysulfides and 2-substituted analogues thereof and allyl methyl polysulfides by bringing such compounds into contact with elemental sulfur and heating, or by mixing with molten sulfur.

Abstract: A piezoelectric crystal element and a sensor utilizing the same are presented for use in a sensor device for identifying at least one foreign material from environment. The crystal element comprises at least one crystal resonator in the form of a inverted mesa structure, which has a membrane-like region and has a certain resonance frequency value. A surface region of the crystal resonator is modified by reactive molecules of a kind capable of interacting with the foreign material to yield a reaction product that effects a change in the resonance frequency of the crystal resonator from said certain resonance frequency value. This change is indicative of the identity and quantity of the foreign material.

Abstract: Synthetically-derived S,S-heterodisubstituted disulfides that exhibit potent in vitro antibacterial activity against a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Francisella tularensis. The present invention provides compounds, methods and compositions effective to treat microbial/bacterial infections, and, especially, infections arising from bacteria which have developed resistance to conventional antibiotics.

Abstract: A method for treating or preventing injury of a biological material exposed to hypoxic or ischemic conditions comprising contacting the biological material with an effective amount of a compound is disclosed. The compound has the following structure (I): R1—(S)n—R2 ??(I) or a stereoisomer, pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, wherein R1, R2, and n are as defined herein. Compounds, methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a surface ligand; preparation of the ligand; colloidal nanoparticle, such as quantum dot bearing one or more of the ligand; and a bioconjugate characterized by a nanoparticle bearing one or more of the ligand conjugated to a biomolecule. The ligand is characterized by the presence of a first module containing atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface; a second module that imparts water-solubility to the ligand and to the inorganic surface that may be attached to the ligand; and a third module that contains a functional group that can, directly or indirectly, conjugate to a biomolecule. Order of the modules can be different and other modules and groups can be on the ligand. Preparation of the ligand includes the steps of reacting a compound having atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface with a water-solubilizing compound that imparts the property of water-solubility to the ligand and the inorganic surface to which it may be attached and purification thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides substituted di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-sulfide compounds and compositions, and methods of using the same for the treatment and/or prevention of a cell proliferative disorder. The present invention also provides methods for preparing trisulfide compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The invention provides para substituted dialkylphenol derivatives of propofol. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising such analogs, methods for preparing such analogs, and methods of using such analogs to induce general anesthesia, sedation, and/or hypnotic or sleep effects in a patient.

Abstract: Novel substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides that act as fluorinating agents are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for their preparation and methods for their use in introducing one or more fluorine atoms into target substrate compounds. Finally, various intermediate compounds for use in preparing substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides are provided.

Abstract: Tetraphosphorous ligands are combined with transition metal salts to form catalysts for use in hydroformylation, isomerization-hydroformylation, hydrocarboxylation, hydrocyan-ation, isomerization-formylation, hydroaminomethylation and similar related reactions.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to HDAC inhibitors. Methods of sensitizing a cancer cell to the cytotoxic effects of radiotherapy are also provided. The invention also provides methods for treating cancer and methods for treating neurological diseases. Additionally, the invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising an HDAC inhibitor of the invention, and kits comprising a container containing an HDAC inhibitor of the invention.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a surface ligand; preparation of the ligand; colloidal nanoparticle, such as quantum dot bearing one or more of the ligand; and a bioconjugate characterized by a nanoparticle bearing one or more of the ligand conjugated to a biomolecule. The ligand is characterized by the presence of a first module containing atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface; a second module that imparts water-solubility to the ligand and to the inorganic surface that may be attached to the ligand; and a third module that contains a functional group that can, directly or indirectly, conjugate to a biomolecule. Order of the modules can be different and other modules and groups can be on the ligand. Preparation of the ligand includes the steps of reacting a compound having atoms that can attach to an inorganic surface with a water-solubilizing compound that imparts the property of water-solubility to the ligand and the inorganic surface to which it may be attached and purification thereof.

Abstract: A composition containing 3,3?-thiobis(propane-1,2-dithiol) and one or more enic compounds which composition is photocurable and can give a cured product having a high refractive index and adequate hardness.

Abstract: The present invention is directed, in part, to fluorescent metal sensors for detecting metal ions, and methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides several classes of compounds which can be used to inactivate retroviruses, such as HIV-1, by attacking the CCHC zinc fingers of the viral nucleocapsid protein and ejecting the zinc therefrom. In addition, kits for identifying compounds that can react with CCHC zinc fingers of the nucleocapsid proteins of a large number of different retroviruses have also been developed. The kits of the present invention describe a set of specific tests and reagents that can be used to screen and identify compounds based on their ability to react with and disrupt retroviral zinc fingers in the viral NC proteins and, in turn, inactivate the retrovirus of interest.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxidation reaction catalyzed by a reaction controlled phase-transfer catalyst having the general formula of [R1R2R3R4N]xHy[A] or QmMO3(L). The catalysts themselves are not soluble in the reaction medium, but can form an active species that is soluble in the reaction medium under the action of one of the reactants. The active species can in turn react selectively with another reactant. When one of the reactants is completely consumed, the catalyst will separated out from the reacting system and can be recovered by means of simple separation method. The recovered catalyst can be recycled with comparable efficiency as that of the original catalyst. The separation of said catalyst is similar to that of heterogeneous catalyst while said catalyst will completely exhibit the characteristics of homogeneous catalyst during the reaction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to aromatic vinyl sulfide compounds of general formula A(—S—CH?CH2)z, wherein z is in the range of 1-4 and A represents highly halogenated and highly halogenated-deuterated phenyl, biphenyl and naphthalene compounds; highly halogenated and highly halogenated-deuterated biphenyl ethers and thioethers; and highly halogenated and highly halogenated-deuterated unsaturated 5- and 6-member heterocyclic ring systems containing carbon and at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. The aromatic vinyl sulfide compounds of the invention can be used to prepare elements and devices suitable for use in optical communications.

Abstract: Benzoic acid derivatives useful as intermediates for the preparation of drugs and agricultural chemicals, particularly compounds having herbicidal activity; and easy and economical processes for the preparation of the same. The processes are specifically those represented by reaction formula for the preparation of compounds represented by general formulae (1) and (6).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic disulfides by oxidation of mercaptans with sulfur dissolved in an organic disulfide using an amine as catalyst, where the mercaptans are used as “crude mercaptan stream” from a reaction of alcohols with hydrogen sulfide over a catalyst suitable for mercaptan synthesis. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of the organic disulfides for the preparation of alkanesulfonic acids.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula are provided wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C8 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, acetoxy, amino, carboxy, sulfamyl, lower acylsulfamyl and trifluoromethyl. The compounds are inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 activity, useful for treating inflammation and cyclooxygenase-mediated disorders.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a diorganotrisulfide said process by reacting an organic halide and elemental sulfur (&agr;-rhombic) using catalytic copper (II) halide and tin (II) halide in a mixture of organic solvents at 30-70° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to bisphenyl thiocompounds of formula (I), wherein X1 to X5 independently represent H, Cl, F, OH, SH, R, —OR and —SR, wherein R is an organic radical with 1 to 18 C atoms, which can be an alkyl or alkenyl radical that can also contain —O—, —S— instead of a one to four non-adjacent CH2 groups and that can be substituted once or multiple times by —OH, —SH or halogen, an unsubstituted phenyl, cyclohexyl or cyclohexylmethyl radical or substituted by one or up to three alkyl groups with a total of 1 to 9 C atoms in which a CH2 group may be replaced by —O—, provided that at least 3 of the radicals X1 to X5 are; Y1 to Y5 independently have the meaning cited for X1 to X5 and Z represents an &agr;, &ohgr;-alkylene group with 2 to 18 C atoms in which one to three CH2 groups may be substituted by —O— or —S— and 1,4-cyclohexandimethyl group or a simple bond.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline sulfur compound exhibiting high anisotropic factor of dipolemoment is provided. A terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound expressed by the general formula (I) is provided. A compound is preferred wherein, in the general formula (I), m is 1, n is 5 to 18, and R3 is an alkyl group wherein the number of carbon atoms is n or fewer than n. A method of synthesisng the terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound wherein, after implementing the synthesizing processes for a methoxy terphenyl derivative, a hydroxy terphenyl derivative, and terphenyl alkyloxy bromide derivative, that bromide derivative and thiourea are caused to react, etc. A self-assembled monolayer made using the terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound noted above is also provided.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing or treating allergic diseases of the eye, nose, skin, ear, gastrointestinal tract, airways or lung and preventing or treating manifestations of systemic mastocytosis are disclosed. The compositions contain a mast cell stabilizing disulfide derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel heteroethynylenic compounds having the general formula (I): as well as to the use of these compounds in pharmaceutical compositions intended for use in human or veterinary medicine (dermatological, rheumatic, respiratory, cardiovascular and ophthalmological complaints in particular), or alternatively in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Selectively producing organic trisulfides by contacting a mercaptan, a sulfur compound, and a catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction product comprising organic polysulfides, and subjecting the reaction product to trisulfide enhancing conditions which are effective to inhibit the formation of organic disulfides and promote the conversion of organic tetrasulfides to organic trisulfides.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for analyzing proteomes, as cells or lysates. The analysis is based on the use of probes that have specificity to the active form of proteins, particularly enzymes and receptors. The probes can be identified in different ways. In accordance with the present invention, a method is provided for generating and screening compound libraries that are used for the identification of lead molecules, and for the parallel identification of their biological targets. By appending specific functionalities and/or groups to one or more binding moieties, the reactive functionalities gain binding affinity and specificity for particular proteins and classes of proteins. Such libraries of candidate compounds, referred to herein as activity-based probes, or ABPs, are used to screen for one or more desired biological activities or target proteins.

Abstract: A cathode active material and a lithium secondary battery employing the same are provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an aromatic thiophenol represented by the formula (I): Yn—Ar—(SH)m(I), wherein Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon; Y represents at least one substituent bonded to a carbon atom constituting the aromatic ring of Ar, which substituent is selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, nitrile, sulfone, sulfamoyl and hydrocarbylsulfonyl groups; m is an integer of 1 or more; and n is an integer of 1 or more, which comprises (a) reacting an aromatic thioether represented by the formula (II): Yn—Ar—(SR)m(II), wherein R represents a monovalent secondary or tertiary hydrocarbyl, or a monovalent primary hydrocarbyl group represented by the formula: —CH2—R1 or —CH2—CR2═C (R2)2, wherein R1 represents a monovalent aromatic ring group optionally substituted by a monovalent hydrocarbyl group, and each of R2 is the same or different from each other and represents hydrogen or a monovalent hydrocarbyl group, with (A) a Lewis acid in

Abstract: Methods and compositions for preventing or treating allergic diseases of the eye, nose, skin, ear, gastrointestinal tract, airways or lung and preventing or treating manifestations of systemic mastocytosis are disclosed. The compositions contain a mast cell stabilizing disulfide derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline sulfur compound exhibiting high anisotropic factor of dipolemoment is provided. A terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound expressed by the general formula (I) is provided. A compound is preferred wherein, in the general formula (I), m is 1, n is 5 to 18, and R3 is an alkyl group wherein the number of carbon atoms is n or fewer than n. A method of synthesisng the terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound wherein, after implementing the synthesizing processes for a methoxy terphenyl derivative, a hydroxy terphenyl derivative, and terphenyl alkyloxy bromide derivative, that bromide derivative and thiourea are caused to react, etc. A self-assembled monolayer made using the terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound noted above is also provided.

Abstract: Compact and preferably cellular polyurethane elastomers are produced by reacting a) polyhydroxyl compounds having molecular weights of from 800 to 6000 and, if desired, b) chain extenders and/or crosslinkers having molecular weights of up to 800 [lacuna] c) naphthylene 1,5-diisocyanate and at least one additional aromatic diisocyanate selected from the group consisting of tolylene diisocyanate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 3,3′-dimethylbiphenyl diisocyanate, 1,2-diphenylethane diisocyanate and phenylene diisocyanate, and/or aliphatic diisocyanate having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms and/or cycloaliphatic diisocyanate having from 6 to 18 carbon atoms, where the formative components (a), (c) and, if used, (b) are preferably reacted by the prepolymer method, in the presence or absence of d) catalysts, e) blowing agents and f) additives. Isocyanate prepolymers suitable for this purpose are also described.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of aromatic hydroxythiols including oxidizing an aromatic aminothiol to form an aminodisulfide compound; forming a bis-diazonium salt of the aminodisulfide compound; and reacting the bis-diazonium salt with water to form an aromatic hydroxyldisulfide compound, which is then reduced to the hydroxythiol. New bis-diazonium aromatic disulfide compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process useful for producing an organic disulfide is disclosed. The process can include contacting mercaptans with a solid catalyst selected from the group consisting of a Group IIA metal oxide; 2) an alumina material consisting essentially of alumina; 3) an impregnated alumina impregnated with a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel and combinations of any two or more thereof; 4) an acidic ion-exchange resin; 5) a basic ion-exchange resin; and 6) combinations of any two or more thereof; in the presence of sulfur dioxide and in the substantial absence of a liquid oxidation catalyst to thereby produce organic disulfides.

Abstract: A composition based on dimethyl disulphide (DMDS) with a masked smell according to the invention comprises, by weight, at least 95% of DMDS, less than 500 ppm of methyl mercaptan, less than 100 ppm of dimethylsulphide and up to 1% of at least one odor-masking agent.

Abstract: Novel pyrimidin-4-one derivatives of formula [1] are provided, which are useful as active ingredients of herbicides, wherein R1 is hydrogen or alkyl; R2 is alkyl optionally substituted with halogen; R3 is alkyl optionally substituted with halogen, alkenyl, or alkynyl; and Q is substituted phenyl. Also provided are intermediates for their production and processes for producing these intermediates.