Abstract: Provided herein are compounds (e.g., compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II), that modulate HCN channels, intermembrane proteins that serve as nonselective voltage-gated cation channels in the plasma membranes of heart and brain cells. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the compounds, and methods of treating HCN-related disorders (e.g., pain) with the compounds in a subject, by administering the compounds and/or compositions described herein.

Abstract: A chemically-modified graphene includes a graphene layer and a plurality of functional groups that are grafted to the graphene layer and each of which is represented by —CO—R—COOH, wherein R is an optionally substituted C1-C5 alkylene group or an optionally substituted C1-C5 alkenylene group. A method for producing a chemically-modified grapheme includes subjecting a cyclic anhydride and graphite to a Friedel-Crafts reaction in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein the substituents are defined as in claim 1, which process comprises adding a compound of formula (II), wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings as described under formula (I), in the presence of an inert organic solvent, to a mixture comprising an organic nitrite of formula (III) R4-O—N?O, wherein R4 is C1-C8alkyl, a compound of formula (IV), and an inert organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for pyrolyzing a coal feed is described. A coal feed is pyrolyzed into a coal tar stream and a coke stream in a pyrolysis zone. The coal tar stream is separated into at least a pitch stream comprising aromatic hydrocarbons. The pitch stream is reacted in a reaction zone to add at least one functional group to an aromatic ring of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the pitch stream. The functionalized pitch stream is recycled to the pyrolysis zone.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of Formula 1 wherein Q and Z are as defined in the disclosure comprising distilling water from a mixture comprising a compound of Formula 2, a compound of Formula 3, a base comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal hydroxides of Formula 4 wherein M is Ca, Sr or Ba, alkali metal carbonates of Formula 4a wherein M1 is Li, Na or K, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and an aprotic solvent capable of forming a low-boiling azeotrope with water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) wherein the substituents are defined as in claim 1, which process comprises adding a compound of formula (II), wherein R1, R2 and R3 have the meanings as described under formula (I), in the presence of an inert organic solvent, to a mixture comprising an organic nitrite of formula (III) R4—O—N?O, wherein R4 is C1-C8alkyl, a compound of formula (IV), and an inert organic solvent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical total synthesis methods of six novel protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitors and application of the inhibitors in the preparation of medicaments for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PTP1B inhibitors use one or more of the six compounds represented by the structural formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, as active components. The compounds can enhance the sensitivity of an insulin receptor by inhibiting the activity of PTP1B, thereby having a favorable therapeutic effect on insulin-resistant T2DM.

Abstract: Novel substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides that act as fluorinating agents are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for their preparation and methods for their use in introducing one or more fluorine atoms into target substrate compounds. Finally, various intermediate compounds for use in preparing substituted phenylsulfur trifluorides are provided.

Abstract: A racemic complex of formula (I), wherein M is zirconium or hafnium; each X is a sigma ligand; L is a divalent bridge selected from —R?2C—, —R?2C—CR?2, —R?2Si—, —R?2Si—SiR?2—, —R?2Ge—, wherein each R? is independently a hydrogen atom, C1-20-hydrocarbyl, tri(C1-20-alkyl)silyl, C6-20-aryl, C7-20-arylalkyl or C7-20-alkylaryl; R2 and R2? are each independently a C1-20 hydrocarbyl radical optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16; R5? is a C1-20 hydrocarbyl group optionally containing one or more heteroatoms from groups 14-16 and optionally substituted by one or more halo atoms.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel 3-phenylpropionic acid derivatives which carry a branched or cyclic alkyl substituent in the 3-position, to processes for their preparation, to their use for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases and to their use for preparing medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases, in particular for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to methods for the synthesis of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and fullerene derivatives in a yield of at least 40%.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of Formula 1 wherein Q and Z are as defined in the disclosure comprising distilling water from a mixture comprising a compound of Formula 2, a compound of Formula 3, a base comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal hydroxides of Formula 4 wherein M is Ca, Sr or Ba, alkali metal carbonates of Formula 4a wherein M1 is Li, Na or K, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and an aprotic solvent capable of forming a low-boiling azeotrope with water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure comprising the steps of: (i) providing one or more zeolitic materials having a BEA framework structure, wherein the BEA framework structure comprises YO2 and X2O3, wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and X is a trivalent element; (ii) subjecting the one or more zeolitic materials provided in step (i) to a procedure for removing at least a portion of X, preferably tetrahedrally coordinated X, from the BEA framework structure; wherein the Y:X molar ratios of the one or more zeolitic materials provided in step (i) are respectively comprised in the range of from 1 to 50.

Abstract: The invention pertains to novel oligofunctional photoinitiators of the formula (1) or (1A). R1 and R2 are methyl or together are —(CH2)5—; and n is 2 or 3, and the solvent in (1A) is water or an organic solvent; and their use in photopolymerizable compositions, in particular inks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of Formula 1 wherein Q and Z are as defined in the disclosure comprising distilling water from a mixture comprising a compound of Formula 2, a compound of Formula 3, a base comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal hydroxides of Formula 4 wherein M is Ca, Sr or Ba, alkali metal carbonates of Formula 4a wherein M1 is Li, Na or K, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and an aprotic solvent capable of forming a low-boiling azeotrope with water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the regioselective synthesis of compounds of the formula (I), wherein R1; R2; R3; R4; R5; J and W have the meanings indicated in the claims. The present invention provides an efficient and general palladium-catalyzed coupling process for aryl tosylates with terminal alkynes to a wide variety of substituted, multifunctional aryl-1-alkynes of the formula I.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions comprising and methods for forming functionalized carbon-based nanostructures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to chemical total synthesis methods of six novel protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) inhibitors and application of the inhibitors in the preparation of medicaments for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The PTP1B inhibitors use one or more of the six compounds represented by the structural formulae 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, as active components. The compounds can enhance the sensitivity of an insulin receptor by inhibiting the activity of PTP1B, thereby having a favorable therapeutic effect on insulin-resistant T2DM.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel processes of preparing racemic and optically active cyclopentenones of Formula I: The invention also provides novel cyclopentenones of formula I in racemic or optically active form.

Abstract: The use of metal-accumulating plants for implementing chemical reactions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a zeolitic material having a BEA framework structure comprising the steps of: (i) providing one or more zeolitic materials having a BEA framework structure, wherein the BEA framework structure comprises YO2 and X2O3, wherein Y is a tetravalent element, and X is a trivalent element; (ii) subjecting the one or more zeolitic materials provided in step (i) to a procedure for removing at least a portion of X, preferably tetrahedrally coordinated X, from the BEA framework structure; wherein the Y:X molar ratios of the one or more zeolitic materials provided in step (i) are respectively comprised in the range of from 1 to 50.

Abstract: A modified dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin obtained by modifying a polyfunctional dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin having a constituent unit represented by the following general formula [1] in a molecule thereof with at least one member selected from the group consisting of a phenol represented by the following general formula [2], a naphthol represented by the following general formula [3] and a naphthol represented by the following general formula [4] provided that at least any of the naphthol represented by the general formula [3] or the naphthol represented by the general formula [4] must be included.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved processes for preparing prasugrel compound of formula-(1), its intermediates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Abstract: A compound of Formula (4), wherein each X is independently fluorine or chlorine; n is 1 or 2; R1 is C3-C8 alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; and R2 is C1-C6 alkyl; and its production and use.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compositions comprising and methods for forming functionalized carbon-based nanostructures.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] The present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently producing a high-purity alkoxyindanone derivative while maintaining an industrially superior volumetric efficiency. [Solution] Provided is a method for producing an alkoxyindanone derivative represented by a general formula in FIG. 2 (wherein R represents an alkoxy group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n represents an integer of 1 to 4), comprising reacting an alkoxyphenylpropionic acid derivative represented by a general formula in FIG. 1 (wherein R and n are as defined above) with a condensing agent, adding an organic solvent to the resulting reaction mixture, and subsequently decomposing the condensing agent with an aqueous alkaline solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a compound of Formula 1 wherein Q and Z are as defined in the disclosure comprising distilling water from a mixture comprising a compound of Formula 2, a compound of Formula 3, a base comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metal hydroxides of Formula 4 wherein M is Ca, Sr or Ba, alkali metal carbonates of Formula 4a wherein M1 is Li, Na or K, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, and an aprotic solvent capable of forming a low-boiling azeotrope with water.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] The present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently producing a high-purity alkoxyindanone derivative while maintaining an industrially superior volumetric efficiency. [Solution] Provided is a method for producing an alkoxyindanone derivative represented by a general formula in FIG. 2 (wherein R represents an alkoxy group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and n represents an integer of 1 to 4), comprising reacting an alkoxyphenylpropionic acid derivative represented by a general formula in FIG. 1 (wherein R and n are as defined above) with a condensing agent, adding an organic solvent to the resulting reaction mixture, and subsequently decomposing the condensing agent with an aqueous alkaline solution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the regioselective synthesis of compounds of the formula (I), wherein R1; R2; R3; R4; R5; J and W have the meanings indicated in the claims. The present invention provides an efficient and general palladium-catalyzed coupling process for aryl tosylates with terminal alkynes to a wide variety of substituted, multifunctional aryl-1-alkynes of the formula I.

Abstract: In an illustrative embodiment, the present invention describes the synthesis of the following compound and similar compounds, in high stereochemical purity by a novel stereoselective alkylation process:

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide reduced coenzyme Q10, which is useful as food, food with nutrient function claims, food for specified health use, nutritional supplement, nutritional product, animal drug, drink, feed, cosmetic, pharmaceutical product, therapeutic drug, prophylactic drug and the like, and a production method of reduced coenzyme Q10. The present invention provides a production method of reduced coenzyme Q10, which includes reducing oxidized coenzyme Q10 with ascorbic acid or its analogue(s) as a reducing agent in a water-containing organic solvent at not more than pH 5. Using the method, the reaction time can be drastically shortened even without adding a basic substance and the like, and unpreferable side reactions can be minimized. Therefore, reduced coenzyme Q10 with high quality can be produced.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing 3,4?dihydroxybenzophenone by reacting meta-hydroxybenzoic acid and phenol in the presence of a Lewis acid, and a protonic acid. Upon completion of the reaction the Lewis and protonic acids are removed and then the reaction product of 3,4?dihydroxybenzophenone is contacted with water (at temperature not greater than 10° C.) and ammonium hydroxide followed by filtration.

Abstract: A process for producing 3,4?diacetoxybenzophenone by first synthesizing 3,4?dihydroxybenzophenone by reacting meta-hydroxybenzoic acid and phenol in the presence of a Lewis acid, and a protonic acid followed by reacting the 3,4?dihydroxybenzophenone with an acetylating agent in the presence of an inorganic acid and activated carbon.

Abstract: A process for synthesizing 3,4?dihydroxybenzophenone by reacting meta-hydroxybenzoic acid and phenol in the presence of a Lewis acid, and a protonic acid. Upon completion of the reaction the Lewis and protonic acids are removed and then the reaction product of 3,4?dihydroxybenzophenone is contacted with water (at temperature not greater than 10° C.) and ammonium hydroxide followed by filtration.

Abstract: Functionalized detonation nanodiamond particulates of the formula: wherein Ar is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R is selected from the group consisting of H, H3C—(CH2)n— and wherein n has a value of 0-10. Also provided is a process for functionalizing detonation nanodiamonds particulates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 2,4-dihydroxyphenyl 4-methoxybenzyl ketones of the formula (I) by Friedel-Crafts acylation in hydrogen fluoride (HF). 2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl 4-methoxybenzyl ketones of the formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are each hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, CF3, methyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, —OCF3, —C(CH3)3, —CH2(CH3)2, —CH(CH3)2, R3 is hydrogen, Cl, F, Br, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, —C(CH3)3, and X is hydroxyl, F, Cl, Br, optionally substituted alkoxy, are obtained in high yield and high purity by reacting phenylacetic acid derivatives of the formula (II) with phenols of the formula (III) in liquid hydrogen fluoride (HF).

Abstract: Novel perfluoroketone compounds of formula [I] and [Ia] are described. Also described are uses thereof, such as for inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. Therapeutic uses thereof are also described, such as for the treatment of neural conditions and/or inflammatory conditions, such as demyelinating (e.g., multiple sclerosis) and neural injury (e.g., spinal cord injury).

Abstract: In accordance with aspects of the invention methods of using rhodium hydroquinone catalysts for the conjugate addition of boronic acids are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing highly purified fused aromatic ring compounds with high yield by a simpler method. A method for producing a fused aromatic ring compound comprising irradiating the bicyclo compound containing at least one bicyclo ring represented by formula (1) in a molecule with light to detach a leaving group X from a residual part to form an aromatic ring: wherein R1 and R3 each denotes a group to form an aromatic ring or a heteroaromatic ring which may be substituted, together with a group to which each thereof is bonded; R2 and R4 each denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an ester group or a phenyl group; and X is a leaving group, which denotes a carbonyl group or —N?.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new crystalline molecular sieve SSZ-74 prepared using a hexamethylene-1,6-bis-(N-methyl-N pyrrolidinium) dication as a structure-directing agent, methods for synthesizing SSZ-74 and processes employing SSZ-74 in a catalyst.

Abstract: The Invention relates to novel ketones of formulae (I) and (II) wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 are, for example, C1-C8alkyl, R5 is, for example, hydrogen, A is CI, Br, -0-R7, —NR8R9 or —S—R16, A? is —O—, —NH— or —NR8—, X and Y are each independently of the other —O—R10 or —N(R11)(R12), n is an integer from 1 to 10, R6 is, for example, an n-valent radical of linear or branched C2-C20alkyl the carbon chain of which may be interrupted by cyclohexanediyl, phenylene, —CH(OH)—, —C(C2H5)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —C(CH3)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —C(CH2—CH2—OH)2—, —N(CH3)—, —N(C2H5)—, —N(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —P(CH2—CH2—OH)—, —P(O)(CH2—CH2—OH)—, -0-P(O—CH2—CH2—OH)—O—, -0-P(O)(0-CH2—CH2—OH)—O—, —O-cyclohexanediyl-C(CH3)2-Cyclohexanediyl-O—, —O-phenylene-C(CH3)2-phenylene-O—, —O-phenylene-CH2-phenylene-O—, —Si(CH3)2—, -0-Si(CH3)2—O—, —O—Si(CH3)(0-CH3)—O—, —Si(CH3)(R17)—O—Si(CH3)(R18)—, 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-[1,3,5]triazinane-2,4,6-trione-1,3-diyl and/or by from one to nine oxygen atoms.

Abstract: Polyhalogenated cinnamic acids and cinnamic acid derivatives are prepared by reacting diazonium salts accessible from polyhalogenated anilines with acrylic acid or acrylic acid derivatives in the presence of a homogeneous, palladium-containing catalyst at about ?5 to about +100° C. Some of the cinnamic acids and cinnamic acid derivatives obtainable in this way are new. Cinnamic acids and cinnamic acid derivatives which can be prepared according to the invention can be used for the preparation of indanones which are precursors for agro- and pharmaceutical chemicals and for substances having liquid-crystalline properties.

Abstract: In a method or producing haloalkenone ethers by addition of a carboxylic acid halide to a vinyl ether and subsequent elimination of hydrogen halide, the improvement comprising carrying out the reaction in the absence of a base and/or in the presence of a stabilizer for the resulting alkenone, whereby higher yields of the desired alkenone product can be obtained.

Abstract: A catalytic process for producing ketones and particularly methyl-benzyl-ketone is provided. A catalyst comprising thorium oxide and a second metal oxide, preferably MnO, is formed on a substrate, preferably pumice. Phenylacetic acid and acetic acid are reacted in the presence of the catalyst to form methyl-benzyl-ketone.

Abstract: This invention relates to the compositions and processes for preparing 2,3,3?,4?-tetramethylbenzophenone and asymmetrical dianhydrides such as 2,3,3?,4? benzophenone dianhydride (a-BTDA), and 3,4?-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (a-6FDA). a-BTDA is prepared by Suzuki coupling with catalysts from a mixed anhydride of 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and 2,3-dimethylbenzoic acid with a respective 2,3-dimethylphenylboronic acid and 3,4-dimethyl phenylboronic acid to form 2,3,3?,4?-tetramethylbenzophenone which is oxidized to 2,3,3?,4?-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid followed by cyclodehydration to obtain a-BTDA. The a-6FDA was prepared by nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of 2,3,3?,4?-tetramethylbenzophenone with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane to form 3,4?-(trifluoromethylmethanol) bis(o-xylene) which is converted to 3,4?-(hexafluoroisopropylidene-bis(o-xylene). The 3,4?-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(o-xylene) is oxidized to the corresponding tetraacid followed by cyclodehydration to yield a-6FDA.

Abstract: The invention relates to intermediate products and a new process for the production of benzocycloheptene C. The process for the production of its new intermediate products according to the invention starts from economical starting materials, provides the intermediate stages in high yields and high purity, without chromatographic purification steps, and allows production on an industrial scale.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a crystalline isomeric mixture of compounds of formulae (I) and (II) which process comprises the following steps: a) the slow addition of aluminium chloride, in portions, to a solution comprising 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindan and isobutyric acid halide in a suitable solvent at a reaction temperature of from ?20° C. to 20° C., an isomeric mixture consisting of compounds of formulae (Ia) and (IIa) being obtained; b) enol chlorination of compounds (Ia) and (IIa), an isomeric mixture consisting of compounds of formulae (Ib) and (IIb) being obtained; c) hydrolysis of the chlorinated isomeric mixture from step b). The invention relates also to the preparation of the individual compounds (I) and (II).

Abstract: The present invention relates to catalysts of transition metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes, their methods of preparation and their use in chemical synthesis. The synthesis, ease-of-use, and activity of the compounds of the present invention are substantial improvements over in situ catalyst generation. Further, the transition metal complexes of N-heterocyclic carbenes of the present invention may be used as precatalysts in metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions.

Abstract: Phase-selective soluble polymer supports for catalysts are described. The catalysts utilize polystyrene copolymers having enhanced solubility in nonpolar solvents. Other catalysts of the invention utilize polyisobutylene supports. Methods of catalyzing chemical reactions using latent biphasic solvents are also disclosed.

Abstract: A biotransformation process for preparing chiral aromatic-hydroxy ketones in high yields is described, using 2-hydroxy-3-oxoacid synthase, such as AHAS or TSAS. Optionally substituted arylaldehydes and -oxoacids react in this process to provide pure enantiomers, useful as synthons in the production of various drugs, an example being (R)-phenylacetyl carbinol.