Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl carboxylate compound of the following general formula (6), wherein R represents a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, the process comprising esterifying a 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl compound of the following general formula (5), wherein X represents a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, to form the 2-(1,2,2-trimethyl-3-cyclopentenyl)-2-oxoethyl carboxylate compound (6).

Abstract: The invention describes methods and systems for making particular organic compounds from unsaturated fatty acids derived from biological materials. Particular embodiments describe synthesizing civetone and olefins from a mixture of palmitoleic and oleic unsaturated fatty acid esters. The inventive methods use reaction steps such as metathesis, cyclization, hydrolysis, and/or decarboxylation.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide, cyclohexylbenzene is contacted with oxygen to produce a reaction product comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide and unreacted cyclohexylbenzene. The reaction product is then maintained under conditions such that crystals of cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide form and separate from the reaction product. The cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide crystals are then recovered from the reaction product.

Abstract: The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing a compound having excellent activity as an ?2? ligand.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide a method for producing a compound having excellent activity as an ?2? ligand.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and systems for making particular organic compounds from unsaturated fatty acids derived from biological materials. Particular embodiments describe synthesizing civetone and olefins from a mixture of palmitoleic and oleic unsaturated fatty acid esters. The inventive methods use reaction steps such as metathesis, cyclization, hydrolysis, and/or decarboxylation.

Abstract: The invention describes methods and systems for making particular organic compounds from unsaturated fatty acids derived from biological materials. Particular embodiments describe synthesizing civetone and olefins from a mixture of palmitoleic and oleic unsaturated fatty acid esters. The inventive methods use reaction steps such as metathesis, cyclization, hydrolysis, and/or decarboxylation.

Abstract: This invention relates to a practical and effective process for converting esterified xanthophylls, including zeaxanthin, to non-esterified xanthophylls through saponification. In addition, the invention provides a process for obtaining esterified zeaxanthin in high yields and purities, isolating the xanthophylls from interfering substances such as waxes, oils, and fats. A product of this process is a zeaxanthin rich substrate that is suitable for use in foods, nutritional supplements, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and related products.

Abstract: (3R,3?R,6?R)-Lutein and (3R,3?R)-zeaxanthin are two dietary carotenoids that are present in most fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the US. These carotenoids accumulate in the human plasma, major organs, and ocular tissues. In the past decade, numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin play an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. and Western World. The invention provides a process for the synthesis of (3R,3?R,6?R)-lutein and its stereoisomers from commercially available (rac)-?-ionone by a C15+C10+C15 coupling strategy. In addition, the present invention also provides access to the precursors of optically active carotenoids with 3-hydroxy-?-end group that are otherwise difficult to synthesize. The process developed for the synthesis of lutein and its stereoisomers is straightforward and has potential for commercialization.

Abstract: (3R,3?R,6?R)-Lutein and (3R,3?R)-zeaxanthin are two dietary carotenoids that are present in most fruits and vegetables commonly consumed in the US. These carotenoids accumulate in the human plasma, major organs, and ocular tissues. In the past decade, numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that lutein and zeaxanthin play an important role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is the leading cause of blindness in the U.S. and Western World. The invention provides a process for the synthesis of (3R,3?R,6?R)-lutein and its stereoisomers from commercially available (rac)-?-ionone by a C15+C10+C15 coupling strategy. In addition, the present invention also provides access to the precursors of optically active carotenoids with 3-hydroxy-?-end group that are otherwise difficult to synthesize. The process developed for the synthesis of lutein and its stereoisomers is straightforward and has potential for commercialization.

Abstract: To provide a novel process for producing an optically active allyl compound which is useful as an intermediate raw material for e.g. pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A silicon enolate represented by the following formula (Formula 1) (in the formula, R5 to R7 represent hydrogen atoms, aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic or aromatic-aliphatic hydrocarbon groups or heterocyclic groups, R5 and R7 are different, R6 is not a hydrogen atom, each R8 may be identical or different and represents a methyl group, ethyl group or isopropyl group) and formaldehyde are allowed to react in an aqueous solution or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent in the presence of a catalyst obtained by mixing a ligand comprising a chiral bipyridine compound or its antipode and Bi(OTf)3.

Abstract: Unsaturated ketones of general formula (I) where the groups R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently=H or 1-6 C alkyl groups, which can be saturated or unsaturated, straight-chained, branched or cyclic are characerised by an interesting and original odour characteristic with good emanation and are suitable for use as perfumes, for example in cosmetic preparations, technical products or alcoholic perfumery.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing macrocyclic ketones of general formula (I) by direct cyclisation of compounds of general formula (II) in the gas phase on a heterogeneous catalyst. In general formula (I), X represents a monounsaturated or polyunsaturated or saturated C10–C17 alkyl radical which can be optionally substituted by a C1–C6 alkyl radical, and in general formula (II), R1, R2 can respectively be the same or different and represent hydrogen or C1–C6 alkyl, and has the above-mentioned designation.

Abstract: A method is provided for making an enantiomerically pure compound of the formula: in which R and R? represent C1?C10 alkyl, C2?C10 alkenyl or C3?C10 cycloalkyl and the wedges signify (S)- or (R)-stereochemistry, the substituents in compound (II) being trans. Conjugate addition is carried out between an organometallic nucleophile that provides a group R as defined above and (R)-4-acetoxycyclopent-2-en-1-one, (S)-4-acetoxycyclopent-2-en-1-one or a similar compound in which acetoxy is replaced by another leaving group to give, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing 2-cyclopentenones of the general formula: where R1 to R4 are each hydrogen atoms or are alkyl or alkenyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl radicals having from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, aralkylene or aryl radicals, by converting hexenedioic acids and/or their esters of the general formulae where R1 to R4 are each as defined above and R5 and R6 are each hydrogen atoms or are alkyl radicals having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl radicals having 5 or 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl or aryl radicals, at temperatures of from 150 to 450° C., over solid, oxidic catalysts, wherein the catalysts on an oxidic support material comprise from 0.01 to 5% by weight of at least one alkali metal oxide.

Abstract: An osmium-assisted process for the oxidative cleavage of oxidizable organic compounds such as unsaturated organic compounds, including alkenes and olefins into aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, or ketones. The process uses a metal catalyst comprising osmium and a peroxy compound selected from the group consisting of peroxymonosulfuric acid and salts thereof to oxidatively cleave the oxidizable organic compound. In particular, the process enables aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, or ketones to be selectively produced from the corresponding mono-, 1,1-di-, 1,2-di-, tri-, or tetra-substituted olefins in a reaction that produces the result of ozonolysis but with fewer problems. The present invention further provides a process for oxidizing an aldehyde alone or with the osmium in an interactive solvent to produce an ester or carboxylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-yl)-2-but-2-ene-1-one commonly known as &agr;-Damascone, by acylation of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon 2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexene followed by work up and its purification by vacuum distillation.

Abstract: A cyclododecanone compound is continuously produced by an isomerization reaction of a corresponding epoxycyclododecane compound in the presence of a catalyst including lithium bromide and/or lithium iodide, the isomerization reaction being carried out by passing a reaction mixture containing the epoxycyclododecane compound and the catalyst through a continuous reaction apparatus including at least one tubular reactor preferably at a temperature of 100 to 350° C.

Abstract: A process for efficiently producing a 2-alkyl-2-cyclopentenone comprising reacting an amine and a hydrogen halide, which are present in a ratio ranging from 1.1:1 to 5:1, with a 2-alkylidene cyclopentanone to carry out an isomerization reaction. A process for producing a jasmonate derivative comprising reacting a 2-alkyl-2-cyclopentenone with a malonic acid diester.

Abstract: A process for forming 4-ketocyclopentene and substituted 4-ketocyclopentene compounds starting from the corresponding 1-carbohydrocarbyloxy-2-keto-4-hydroxy-5-cyclopentene by reduction followed by decarboxylation using zinc dichloride or zinc dibromide. The ketone may thereafter be converted to a cyclopentadiene compound by reducing the ketone to form an alcohol, replacing the hydroxyl functionality of the alcohol under substitution conditions with a leaving group, and deprotonating the resulting product under base induced elimination conditions to form the cyclopentadiene compound. Alternatively functionalized cyclopentadienyl compounds can be produced without isolation of an unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl compound by combining the elimination and deprotonation steps with a replacement step in a single unit operation.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing lower unsaturated ketones by reacting the corresponding &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated alcohols with alkyl acetoacetates in a Carroll reaction in the presence of from 0.1 to 5 mol %, based on the alkyl acetoacetate to be reacted, of an organic aluminum compound as catalyst with elimination and continuous removal by distillation of the alkanol eliminated during the reaction from the alkyl acetoacetate in a reactor system with a fitted fractionation column, wherein A an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated alcohol which boils below 140° C. is introduced, in the absence of effective amounts of a solvent, together with the organic aluminum compound into the reaction vessel, B a reaction temperature which is as constant as possible between 170° C. and 250° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to bicyclic aldehydes and ketones of formula (I): wherein n is 1 or 2; R1 and R4 are independently H or CH3; and R2 and R3 are independently H, CH3 or CH2CH3 The invention also provides odorant compositions containing at least one compound of formula (I). A process for the manufacture of R1-methyl substituted compounds of formula (I) having a bridgehead-positioned double bond, as well as intermediates thereof is also provided.

Abstract: A method of producing nootkatone by laccase catalyzed oxidation of valencene. Valencene and a composition having laccase activity are reacted in the presence of an oxygen source, at a valencene concentration greater than 0.1%, to form valencene hydroperoxide. Optionally, a mediator and/or a solvent at a concentration that maintains laccase activity may also be included. The valencene hydroperoxide is degraded to form nootkatone, and nootkatone is then recovered. The method produces nootkatone in commercially viable yields.

Abstract: The use of polar organic solvent as the solvent in the direct fluorination, to make an .alpha.-fluoroketone, of an enol ester or enol trialkylsilyl ether of a compound containing a tautomerisable ketone group, the solvent being relatively inert to fluorine and one in which the enol ester or enol trialkylsilyl ether is relatively stable to hydrolysis. Preferably the solvent is anhydrous, e.g. anhydrous acetonitrile. Alternatively commercial formic acid containing 3% water may be used with a said enol ester.

Abstract: Described are trimethylcyclohexenylcyclopropyl ketones having the structure: ##STR1## wherein one of the dashed lines is a carbon--carbon double bond and the other of the dashed lines is a carbon--carbon single bond, uses thereof in augmenting, enhancing or imparting aromas in or to perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles, and mixtures of same with 3-methyl-1-phenylpentanol-5 and/or butanoylcyclohexane derivatives and/or acetic or propionic acid esters of o-methylphenyl isopropanol.

Abstract: Derivatives of alkyl 3-(substituted or unsubstituted benzylidene)-1-alkyl-2-oxocylopentanecarboxylate of the following formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 individually represent a lower alkyl group; X is a halogen atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, or a nitro group; and m is an integer of 0 to 5; provided when m is 2 or larger, Xs may be either the same or different. The compounds are useful themselves as an effective ingredient of antifungal compositions, and can be used for intermediates of agriculture chemicals and medicines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of substituted cyclobutanes and their use as intermediates for the preparation of anti-viral nucleoside analogs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound represented as ##STR1## The present novel compound is prepared by reacting fluorine with pyridine-boron trifluoride and is useful as a fluorinating agent in the fluorination of organic compounds.

Abstract: A procedure is described for the preparation of compounds having a bicyclo[3.2.0]heptenonic structure corresponding to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, the same or different are hydrogen or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.The compounds corresponding to formula (I) can be used as intermediates or precursors of pheromones, prostaglandins and antibiotics.

Abstract: A process for producing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound represented by formula (II): ##STR1## which includes subjecting an alkenyl ester represented by formula (I): ##STR2## and an allyl type carbonic ester to catalytic reaction in the presence of a platinum group metal compound catalyst without the necessity of an organotin alkoxide. The subsequent addition of a phosphorus-containing compound, followed by heating, results in the decomposition and removal of unreacted allyl type carbonic ester and reaction by-product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for producing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compound represented by the formula [II]: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon residue and may be linear or may form a ring in optional combination thereof and total carbon atom number of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is 12 or less, which comprises contacting oxygen with an alkenyl compound represented by the formula [I]: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are as defined above and X represents a trihydrocarbylsilyl group or an acyl group in the presence of a platinum group metal-supporting catalyst.

Abstract: Cyclopentenones of the formula I ##STR1## where each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is independently of the others hydrogen or an organic radical, are prepared by converting a carboxylic ester of the formula IIa, IIb or IIcR.sup.1 CH.dbd.CR.sup.2 --CHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.4 --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5 (IIa) and/orR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 --CR.sup.2 .dbd.CR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.4 --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5(IIb) and/orR.sup.1 CH.sub.2 --CHR.sup.2 --CR.sup.3 .dbd.CR.sup.4 --CO.sub.2 R.sup.5(IIc),where each of R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 is as defined above and R.sup.5 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl, over an acidic heterogeneous catalyst at 50.degree.-800.degree. C. and 0.001-50 bar.

Abstract: Described are acylated bicycloalkadiene-compound-containing compositions of matter, mixtures of compounds containing predominantly compounds having the structures: ##STR1## with the compositions of matter containing from 50 up to 100% of the compound having the structure: prepared by reacting the compound having the structure: ##STR2## or a mixture containing, predominently, the compound having the structure: with acetic anhydride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as boron trifluoride etherate.Also described are perfumery uses of such compositions of matter for augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes or perfumed articles such as solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, cosmetic powders, hair preparations and the like.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the catalytic oxidation of an isoprenoid containing at least one allylic hydrogen atom, which process comprises reacting the isoprenoid with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in an inert solvent in the presence of a N-hydroxydicarboxylic acid imide of the formula ##STR1## wherein A-B stands for CH.sub.2 -CH.sub.2, CH.dbd.CH, an aromatic hydrocarbon residue or a group derived from one of these groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms is/are replaced by alkyl or halogen,to produce a primary of secondary hydroperoxide.The process of the invention is suitable for the manufacture of steroids, vitamins, odorant substances, carotinoids and the like.

Abstract: Racemic and optically active cycloaliphatic 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanecarboxyaldehyde, also known as dihydrocyclocitral, are prepared by a novel process consisting in the cyclization of enol esters of formula ##STR1## wherein the wavy line defines a C--O bond of cis or trans configuration, X represents an acyl group or P(O)(OR).sub.2, wherein R stands for a lower alkyl monovalent radical or an aryl, and Z represents a monovalent radical of formula ##STR2## by means of an acid cyclization agent.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of cycloaliphatic ketones of formula ##STR1## wherein index m designates integer 0, 1 or 2, n stands for 0 or 1 and the dotted lines represent an optional supplemental bond, which process consists in the deprotonation of an ester of formula ##STR2## having either an isolated double bond in position 1 or 2 (exocyclic), or two conjugated double bonds in position 1 and 3 or 2 (exocyclic) and 3 as indicated by the dotted lines, and wherein symbol R' represents a linear or branched alkyl radical, preferably a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl radical, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and Y designates an oxygen or a sulphur atom, the deprotonation being followed by the addition of an organo-metallic compound of formula ##STR3## wherein m and n have the meaning defined above and Z represents a MgX radical or an alkali metal, preferably lithium, X defining a halogen and the dotted lines an optional supplemental bond, and finally a hydrolysis.

Abstract: Described are 2-alkanoyl-2-(1-penten-1-yl) cyclohexanones of my invention defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents methyl or ethyl; a process for preparing same and organoleptic uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, perfumed polymers, fabric softener compositions and fabric softener articles. Also described are intermediates useful in carrying out the process for producing such 2-alkanoyl-2-(1-penten-1-yl) cyclohexanones of my invention defined according to the structure: ##STR2## wherein R represents methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: Described are 2-alkanoyl-2-(1-penten-1-yl) cyclohexanones of my invention defined according to the structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents methyl or ethyl; a process for preparing same and organoleptic uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, perfumed polymers, fabric softener compositions and fabric softener articles. Also described are intermediates useful in carrying out the process for producing such 2-alkanoyl-2-(1-penten-1-yl) cyclohexanones of my invention defined according to the structure: ##STR2## wherein R represents methyl or ethyl.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the preparation of a benzophenone, which process comprises contacting a feed comprising a 3-cyclohexene carboxylic acid in the vapor phase and under suitable conditions with a ketonic decarboxylative coupling catalyst to convert said carboxylic acid into a bis (3-cyclohexene) ketone and contacting said bis (3-cyclohexene) ketone with a dehydrogenation catalyst to dehydrogenate said bis (3-cyclohexene) ketone to provide said benzophenone. Suitably, the coupling catalyst comprises an oxide of manganese. A Group VIII metal-containing catalyst is a typical dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: Cyclopentenones of formula ##STR1## wherein each of symbols R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, when taken separately, represents an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6, or a hydrogen atom, or, when taken together, they represent a polymethylene, or one of them designates a hydrogen atom and the other an alkyl radical of C.sub.1 to C.sub.6, are prepared starting from compounds having formula ##STR2## wherein R stands for a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkyl radical or a phenyl group, via a catalytic reaction promoted by a metallo-organic compound of formulaMeX.sub.2 (R.sup.3 CN).sub.2 (III)wherein Me represents palladium or platinum, R.sup.3 represents a C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical or a phenyl group and X defines a halogen atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an optically active (+)-(s)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone which comprises reacting (.+-.)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone acid phthalate of the formula (II), ##STR1## with an optically active (+)-.alpha.-phenyl-.beta.-p-tolylethylamine to produce diastereomer salts, separating an optically active (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone acid phthalate by making use of a solubility difference between the diastereomer salts, and then hydrolyzing said optically active acid phthalate in water or a solvent containing water in the presence or absence of a base below the small excess of the stoichiometric amount, and novel (.+-.)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-2'-propynyl-2-cyclopentenone acid phthalate and its production.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of higher unsaturated ketones, such as geranylacetone and farnesylacetone, by reacting a .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated alcohol and an alkyl acetoacetate at an elevated temperature in the presence of an organic aluminum compound, with elimination, and removal, of the alcohol derived from the alkyl acetoacetate in a reactor system carrying a fractionating column. The improvement in the purity, yield, and especially space-time yield of the product is achieved by starting from an alcohol having a higher boiling point than that of the alkyl acetoacetate used, carrying out the reaction in the presence of a small amount of an inert liquid which has a boiling point between that of the alkyl acetoacetate and the alcohol to be eliminated therefrom, and ensuring that the temperature at the bottom of the fractionating column is only slightly higher than the boiling point of the added liquid, under the prevailing pressure.

Abstract: The explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is desensitized by dissolving it in oleum of from 10 to 40% (by weight) in strength. The solutions formed preferably contain at least 400 g and at most 480 g of dissolved TNT per liter of oleum in oleum of 20-25% strength. They are especially useful for the preparation of phloroglucinol.

Abstract: The invention concerns new 3-methyl-5-keto-.alpha.,.omega.-alkene-dioic acids of the general formula ##STR1## wherein the double bond is in one of the positions indicated by the broken lines,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of one another are a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group,x is an integer from 9 to 11 andy and z independently of one another are 1 or 2, but cannot both be 1;a process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of macrocyclic .beta.-methyl ketones which are valuable fragrances.

Abstract: A process for introducing an allyl-positioned carbonyl group into a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexene ring which carries a polyenyl radical in the 1-position, by oxidizing the ring with a halogen(V)-oxyacid or a salt of such an acid, and the new oxo compounds obtainable by the said process, which may be used as dyes for foodstuffs or cosmetics. The oxidation is carried out in the presence of a catalyst and of an inert diluent or solvent, in an acid medium. Suitable catalysts are bromine and iodine and the oxides of elements of groups Va, VIa, VIIa and VIII of the periodic table.