Abstract: Synthesizing an alkyl-caprolactone includes hydrogenating an alkyl-phenol to yield a first mixture comprising an alkyl-cyclohexanone and an alkyl-cyclohexanol; separating the alkyl-cyclohexanone from the first mixture to yield a first portion of a purified alkyl-cyclohexanone; oxidizing the first portion of the purified alkyl-cyclohexanone to yield a second mixture comprising an alkyl-caprolactone, the alkyl-cyclohexanone, and the alkyl-cyclohexanol; separating the alkyl-caprolactone from the second mixture to yield a third mixture comprising the alkyl-cyclohexanone and the alkyl-cyclohexanol; combining the third mixture and the first mixture in to yield a fourth mixture; separating the alkyl-cyclohexanone from the fourth mixture to yield a second portion of the purified alkyl-cyclohexanone; oxidizing the second portion of the purified alkyl-cyclohexanone to yield a fifth mixture comprising the alkyl-caprolactone, the alkyl-cyclohexanone, and the alkyl-cyclohexanol; separating the alkyl-caprolactone from the

Abstract: An inexpensive, stereoselective synthesis for nootkatone, tetrahydronootkatone, and their derivatives is disclosed utilizing ozonolysis. The starting materials used in the synthesis are inexpensive and the reactions are commercially feasible and amenable to scaling up. The principal starting material, (?)-?-Pinene, is on the GRAS list (generally recognized as safe).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purifying the xanthophylls astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. The process comprises suspending the xanthophyll in an organic solvent or solvent mixture, treating the suspension of the xanthophyll in the organic solvent or solvent mixture at elevated temperature, and subsequent separation off of the xanthophyll from the solvent by a solid-liquid separation, wherein the organic solvent is selected from ketones of the general formula (I) and mixtures of ketones of the general formula (I) where R1 is C1-C4 alkyl and R2 is selected from C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, phenyl and benzyl, wherein the phenyl rings in the two last-mentioned radicals are unsubstituted or can have 1 or 2 methyl groups, or R1 and R2 together are linear C4-C6 alkylene, which can bear 1, 2 or 3 methyl groups as substituents.

Abstract: A method for forming cyclohexanone from cyclohexanol is provided in which two or more cyclohexanol dehydrogenation reactors and associated condensers are operably connected in series so as to increase relative concentration of cyclohexanone in the formed product through the use of Le Châtelier's principle.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol and cyclohexanone, a cleavage feed containing greater than 40 wt % and no greater than 95 wt % cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide, and at least 5 wt % and less than 60 wt % cyclohexylbenzene is mixed with at least phenol, cyclohexanone, water, and sulfuric acid to produce a cleavage reaction mixture containing from 15 wt % to 50 wt % phenol, from 15 wt % to 50 wt % cyclohexanone, from 1 wt % to 10 wt % cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide, from 5 wt % to 60 wt % cyclohexylbenzene, from 0.1 wt % to 4 wt % water, and from 10 wppm to 1000 wppm sulfuric acid. The cleavage reaction mixture is then reacted at a temperature from 30° C. and to 70° C., and a pressure of at least 1 atmosphere for a time sufficient to convert at least 50% of said cyclohexyl-1-phenyl-1-hydroperoxide in said cleavage reaction mixture and produce a cleavage effluent containing phenol and cyclohexanone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing menthone, starting from isopulegol, using specific homogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of pillar[5]quinone and further relates to an easy-to-operate and chromatography-free process for the preparation of crystalline pillar[5]quinone by the oxone/iodobenzene-mediated oxidative de-aromatization of readily available 1,4-dimethoxypillar[5]arenes in good yields.

Abstract: A process for preparing a ketone by conversion of a compound E which contains an epoxy group to the ketone in the presence of a mixture comprising at least one noble metal and at least one metal oxide as a catalyst system, wherein the metal oxide in the catalyst system is at least one of titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide, and the process is conducted at 0 to 0.9 bar of hydrogen.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol and cyclohexanone a feed comprising cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide and water in an amount from 1 to 15,000 ppm, based upon total weight of feed, is contacted with a cleavage catalyst comprising an aluminosilicate of the FAU type under cleavage conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide into phenol and cyclohexanone.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes, methods, and systems for converting biomass-derived feedstocks to liquid fuels and chemicals. The method generally includes the reaction of a hydrolysate from a biomass deconstruction process with hydrogen and a catalyst to produce a reaction product comprising one of more oxygenated compounds. The process also includes reacting the reaction product with a condensation catalyst to produce C4+ compounds useful as fuels and chemicals.

Abstract: Lignin compositions, products produced from them or containing them, methods to produce them, spinning methods, methods to convert lignin to a conversion product and conversion products produced by the methods are described.

Abstract: The invention discloses novel processes for production, enrichment and/or isolation of alpha-tocotrienol from source material comprising at least one non-alpha-tocotrienol, such as natural extracts comprising mixed tocotrienols.

Abstract: In a process for producing a cycloalkylaromatic compound, an aromatic compound and a cyclic olefin are contacted with a first catalyst under conditions effective to produce a reaction product comprising the cycloalkylaromatic compound and at least one non-fused bicyclic by-product. The at least one non-fused bicyclic by-product is then contacted with a second catalyst under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the at least one non-fused bicyclic by-product to a converted by-product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-ethynyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexan-1-ol from dimedone by a reaction sequence of reduction and ethynylation and its further transformation into green ketone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing menthone, starting from isopulegol, using specific homogeneous catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an odorless and colorless industrial grade propylene glycol from glycerol obtained during the manufacturing of biodiesel. The process includes hydrogenating the glycerol to form a hydrogenated product, distilling the hydrogenated product to form a glycol product, and contacting the glycol product with a treatment bed. The propylene glycol may be used in various industrial and consumer applications and products such as personal care products.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are fed to at least one reaction zone comprising a catalyst system which comprises a molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal. The MCM-22 family molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima at 12.4±0.25, 6.9±0.15, 3.57±0.07 and 3.42±0.07 Angstrom, and the hydrogenation metal is selected from the group consisting of palladium, ruthenium, nickel, zinc, tin, cobalt, and combinations of any two or more thereof. Hydroalkylation conditions of temperature and pressure are selected to produce a hydroalkylation conversion in a range of from about 15% to about 75% The benzene and hydrogen are then contacted in the at least one reaction zone under said selected hydroalkylation condition to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to catalytically active carbocatalysts, e.g., a graphene oxide or graphite oxide catalyst suitable for use in a variety of chemical transformations. In one embodiment, it relates to a method of catalyzing a chemical reaction of an organic molecule by reacting the organic molecule in the presence of a sufficient amount of graphene oxide or graphite oxide for a time and at a temperature sufficient to allow catalysis of a chemical reaction. According to other embodiments, the reaction may be an oxidation reaction, a hydration reaction, a dehydrogenation reaction, a condensation reaction, or a polymerization reaction. Some reactions may include auto-tandem reactions. The disclosure further provides reaction mixtures containing an organic molecule and graphene oxide or graphite oxide in an amount sufficient to catalyze a reaction of the organic molecule.

Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a process for producing a 2-alkyl-2-cycloalken-1-one represented by the following general formula (2), which includes the step of subjecting a 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)cycloalkan-1-one to dehydration and isomerization in the co-existence of an acid and a platinum group metal catalyst, and [2] a process for producing an alkyl(3-oxo-alkylcycloalkyl)acetate which is useful as a perfume material, using the 2-alkyl-2-cycloalken-1-one: wherein n is an integer of 1 or 2; and R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms with the proviso that R1 and R2 may form a ring through a carbon atom adjacent thereto.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are contacted under hydroalkylation conditions with a catalyst system comprising a MCM-22 family molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal. The conditions comprise a temperature of about 140° C. to about 175° C., a pressure of about 135 psig to about 175 psig (931 kPag to 1207 kPag), a hydrogen to benzene molar ratio of about 0.30 to about 0.65 and a weight hourly space velocity of benzene of about 0.26 to about 1.05 hr?1.

Abstract: Indene derivatives that are utilizable as intermediates in the synthesis of the vitamin D2 derivative paricalcitol, which is useful as pharmaceutical are efficiently prepared by subjecting a vitamin D2 derivative such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 to a two-steps oxidation reaction using an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganates and sodium periodate in a suitable solvent such as methanol and ethanol.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1-ethynyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexan-1-ol from dimedone by a reaction sequence of reduction and ethynylation and its further transformation into green ketone.

Abstract: The invention discloses an improved process for the preparation of 2,2,5,5-tetrasubstituted hexane-1,6-dicarbonyl compounds, and in particular diethyl 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexanedioate and dimethyl 2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexanedioate, by the alkylation of 1,2-difunctional ethane compounds with enolates of carbonyl compounds. The process provides higher yields and greater synthetic brevity than existing processes.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol and/or cyclohexanone, benzene and hydrogen are contacted with a first catalyst in a hydroalkylation step to produce a first effluent stream comprising cyclohexylbenzene, cyclohexane, and unreacted benzene. At least part of the first effluent stream is supplied to a first separation system to divide the first effluent stream part into a cyclohexylbenzene-rich stream and a C6 product stream comprising unreacted benzene and cyclohexane.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexanone, cyclohexylbenzene is oxidized to produce cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide and then the resultant cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide is cleaved to produce an effluent stream comprising phenol and cyclohexanone. At least a portion of the effluent stream is then fed to at least one hydrogenation reaction zone, where the effluent stream portion is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to convert at least part of the phenol in the effluent portion into cyclohexanone.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are contacted under hydroalkylation conditions with a catalyst system comprising a MCM-22 family molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal. The conditions comprise a temperature of about 140° C. to about 175° C., a pressure of about 135 psig to about 175 psig (931 kPag to 1207 kPag), a hydrogen to benzene molar ratio of about 0.30 to about 0.65 and a weight hourly space velocity of benzene of about 0.26 to about 1.05 hr?1.

Abstract: Infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis kill more than 1.8 million people each year. While the persistence of this pathogenic bacterial species and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains have created an urgent need for new TB therapies, a new TB-specific drug has not been developed in over 40 years. The disclosure herein provides short and scalable syntheses of small molecules, and small molecules as new therapeutics for eradicating this life threatening pathogen.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are contacted with a catalyst under hydroalkylation conditions to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The catalyst comprises a composite of a molecular sieve, an inorganic oxide different from said molecular sieve and at least one hydrogenation metal, wherein at least 50 wt % of said hydrogenation metal is supported on the inorganic oxide.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are fed to at least one reaction zone. The benzene and hydrogen are then contacted in the at least one reaction zone under hydroalkylation conditions with a catalyst system comprising a molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima at 12.4±0.25, 6.9±0.15, 3.57±0.07 and 3.42±0.07 Angstrom, and at least one hydrogenation metal to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The catalyst system has an acid-to-metal molar ratio of from about 75 to about 750.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are fed to at least one reaction zone. The benzene and hydrogen are then contacted in the at least one reaction zone under hydroalkylation conditions with a catalyst system comprising a molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima at 12.4±0.25, 6.9±0.15, 3.57±0.07 and 3.42±0.07 Angstrom, and at least one hydrogenation metal to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The ratio of the total number of moles of hydrogen fed to said at least one reaction zone to the number of moles of benzene fed to said at least one reaction zone is between 0.4 and 0.9:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process of reacting a primary allylic alcohol with a compound containing a) a metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Ce, Mn, Ni, Ru, Re, Zn and Co preferably Ag and b) an oxidant like TEMPO (2,2?,6,6?-tetra-methylpiperidin-1-oxyl) or its derivates and c) a co-oxidants selected from the group of peroxodisulfates (PDS), H2505, H2O2, NaOCl, O2, KOCl, and air.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are fed to at least one reaction zone. The benzene and hydrogen are then contacted in the at least one reaction zone under hydroalkylation conditions with a catalyst system comprising a molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima at 12.4±0.25, 6.9±0.15, 3.57±0.07 and 3.42±0.07 Angstrom, and at least one hydrogenation metal to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The catalyst system has an acid-to-metal molar ratio of from about 75 to about 750.

Abstract: In a process for producing cyclohexylbenzene, benzene and hydrogen are fed to at least one reaction zone. The benzene and hydrogen are then contacted in the at least one reaction zone under hydroalkylation conditions with a catalyst system comprising a molecular sieve having an X-ray diffraction pattern including d-spacing maxima at 12.4±0.25, 6.9±0.15, 3.57±0.07 and 3.42±0.07 Angstrom, and at least one hydrogenation metal to produce an effluent containing cyclohexylbenzene. The catalyst system has an acid-to-metal molar ratio of from about 75 to about 750.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the cleavage of dialkoxyalkanes to give corresponding aldehydes or ketones, where the cleavage is carried out in the presence of at least one ionic liquid of the general formula K+A?.

Abstract: Indene derivatives that are utilizable as intermediates in the synthesis of the vitamin D2 derivative paricalcitol, which is useful as pharmaceutical are efficiently prepared by subjecting a vitamin D2 derivative such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 to a two-steps oxidation reaction using an oxidizing agent such as potassium permanganates and sodium periodate in a suitable solvent such as methanol and ethanol.

Abstract: The syntheses of the natural products, avrainvillamide and stephacidin B, are provided. The ?,?-unsaturated nitrone functionality of avrainvillamide and its 3-alkylidene-3H-indole 1-oxide core is shown to covalently and reversibly bond to heteroatom-based nucleophiles. This capability may allow these molecules to bind active site nucleophiles and may provide the basis for designing potent and selective enzyme inhibitors. Both avrainvillamide and its dimer stephacidin B have been reported to exhibit antiproliferative activity, and avrainvillamide has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant bacteria. Avrainvillamide has been found to target cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein (CLIMP-63) thereby preventing cells from undergoing mitosis. The invention provides syntheses of these natural products as well as analogs of these natural products and their functional cores.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided that can include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition.

Abstract: Chemical production processes are provided that include exposing a reactant composition to a catalyst composition to form a product composition, with the reactant composition including a multihydric alcohol compound and the catalyst composition being effective to dehydrate at least a portion of the multihydric alcohol compound. Embodiments of the process provide that the reactant composition is exposed to the catalyst composition for less than about 0.25 seconds and/or that the catalyst is maintained at a temperature of from about 280° C. to about 320° C. Processes utilizing a reactant composition including a multihydric alcohol compound and an inert compound are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the cleavage of dialkoxyalkanes to give corresponding aldehydes or ketones, where the cleavage is carried out in the presence of at least one ionic liquid of the general formula K+A?.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing optically active aldehydes or ketones which have from 3 to 25 carbon atoms and at least one racemizable stereocenter by catalytic dehydrogenation of the corresponding optically active primary or secondary alcohols in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: A method of making a carbonyl compound comprises contacting a compound comprising a secondary hydroxyl group with a basic metal oxide catalyst at a temperature sufficient to maintain the compound comprising a secondary hydroxyl group in a vapor phase.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention are an adamantyl vinyl ether compound which is useful as a monomer for functional resins in the photolithography field or a raw material therefor and medical and agricultural intermediates and a production process for the same. The present invention relates to a production process for an adamantyl vinyl ether compound, characterized by subjecting an adamantyl vinyl ether compound having a specific structure and alcohol having an eliminating group in a ? position to chloroalkyl-etherification, then subjecting it to etherification to form an adamantyl group-containing ether and then subjecting it to vinyl-etherification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for decomposing organic hydroperoxides in the presence of a catalyst. It provides a process for decomposing organic hydroperoxides in the presence of a catalyst into a mixture of alcohols and ketones, in which the catalyst comprises at least one ruthenium-based catalytically active metallic element incorporated into a solid support chosen from the group comprising metal oxides and carbon blacks, such as the carbon blacks obtained by the pyrolysis of organic compounds. The process of the invention is especially useful in the decomposition of important chemical intermediates such as cyclohexyl hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of detecting nucleic acids comprising suspending at least one recognizable target nucleic acid in a suspending solution containing polymeric particles marked with a probe, wherein the probe has an affinity for the target nucleic acid, adding a recognition unit-peroxidase conjugate marker to the suspending solution, forming a complex of the polymeric particles marked with a probe, the target nucleic acid and the recognition unit-peroxidase conjugate marker, contacting the suspending solution with a gelatin surface, adding a developer to the suspending solution in contact with the gelatin surface in the presence of phenol to attach the complex to the gelatin surface, washing the gelatin surface, and detecting the complex attached to the gelatin surface.

Abstract: The method for producing an aldehyde or ketone compound from a corresponding primary or secondary alcohol at relatively high temperature within a short time with a high yield including a step (1) of reacting a sulfoxide compound with an activating agent to produce an activation reaction product; a step (2) of reacting the activation reaction product with a primary or secondary alcohol to produce an alkoxysulfonium salt; and a step (3) of reacting the reaction product with a base to produce an aldehyde or ketone; wherein at least one of the steps, preferably the step (1) and step (2), are carried out by using a microreactor.

Abstract: A method for preparing an aldehyde or ketone by oxidizing a primary or secondary alcohol in the presence of a nitroxyl radical compound and a co-oxidant in an organic solvent, which process is characterized in using an organic N-bromoamide compound or a combination of N-chlorosuccinimide and a compound having bromide ion as the co-oxidant.

Abstract: Processes for making particularly branched, especially monomethyl-branched or nongeminal dimethyl-branched surfactants used in cleaning products; preferred processes comprising particular combinations of two or more adsorptive separation steps and, more preferably, particular OXO and/or alkylation steps; products of such processes, including certain modified primary OXO alcohols and/or alkylbenzenes, modified primary OXO alcohol-derived alkoxylated alcohols, alkylsulfates and/or alkoxysulfates; alkylbenzensulfonate surfactants, and consumer cleaning products, especially laundry detergents, containing them. Preferred processes herein more specifically use specific, unconventional sequences of sorptive separation steps to secure certain branched hydrocarbon fractions which are used in further process steps to make olefins useful in OXO processes or as alkylating agents for arenes or for other useful surfactant-making purposes.

Abstract: Bicyclic amide derivatives of formula (I) or tautomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or both are provided: Also provided are processes for preparing the bicyclic amide derivatives as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and therapeutic uses. The bicyclic amide derivatives are useful for treating a variety of conditions associated with the abnormal modulation of one or more Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channels.