Abstract: Branched optionally unsaturated ketones particularly useful in providing typical and characteristic orris facets to perfume compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates in a first aspect to a process for hydrogenation of ketones having at least a carbon-carbon double bond in the y,8-position to the keto group by hydrogen in the presence of at least one chiral iridium complex of formula (I), where R1 represents a group of formula (II) or (III) or (IV). It has been shown that this process leads to a strong increase in preferential formation of a single isomer. The process is particularly suitable for the hydrogenation of y,8-unsaturated ketones which can be used as flavours and fragrances or for the preparation of vitamin E and its derivatives or of flavours and fragrances.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-infective drug-macrolide derivate, preparation and uses thereof. Macrolide derivate, namely erythromycin ethylsuccinate crystalline hydrate, which has less moisture absorption and good storage stability, can be used in the preparation of medicaments for the treatment and prevention of human or animal infectious diseases caused by Gram-positive or negative bacteria.

Abstract: In one aspect, there is provided heptanone (e.g. 2-, 3- or 4-heptanone) or a salt thereof for use as a local anaesthetic. In another aspect, there is provided a pharmaceutical composition comprising heptanone (e.g. 2-, 3- or 4-heptanone) or a salt thereof and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients or diluents. Also provided is use of heptanone (e.g. 2-, 3- or 4-heptanone) or a salt thereof in the preparation of a medicament for use as a local anaesthetic. Further provided is a method of treating a mammalian subject in need of local anaesthesia, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition comprising heptanone (e.g. 2-, 3- or 4-heptanone) or a salt thereof in an effective amount to a region of the subject in need of local anaesthesia.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an isolated Muscodor albus strain producing volatile organic compounds such as aristolene, 3-octanone and/or acetic acid ester, as well as cultures of said strain and compositions, metabolites and volatiles derived from said strain or culture as well as methods of obtaining said compositions, metabolites and volatiles and their methods of use for controlling pests. Also disclosed are artificial compositions having the same components and uses as the volatiles derived from the strain. A method for capturing and sampling the volatiles is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for identifying compounds contributing to a sour odor emitting from an air conditioner, a method for artificially reproducing the detected sour odor and preparing a corresponding sour odor composition. Through the analysis method of the present invention, the compounds contributing to the sour odor emitted from an air conditioner may be identified and quantified. The detected sour odor may be reproduced from a combination of the compounds identified by the analysis method of the present invention. The reproduced sour odor may provide meaningful data required for development of an apparatus and a method for removing specific odors.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalysts, methods, and reactor systems for converting oxygenated hydrocarbons to oxygenated compounds. The invention includes methods for producing cyclic ethers, monooxygenates, dioxygenates, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like, using catalysts containing palladium, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful in the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and other products.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Abstract: The present disclosure features a strain-promoted [2+2+2] reaction that can be carried out under physiological conditions. In general, the reaction involves reacting a pi-electrophile with a low lying LUMO with a quadricyclane on a biomolecule, generating a covalently modified biomolecule. The selectivity of the reaction and its compatibility with aqueous environments provides for its application in vivo and in vitro. The reaction is compatible with modification of living cells. In certain embodiments, the pi-electrophile can comprise a molecule of interest that is desired for delivery to a quadricyclane-containing biomolecule via [2+2+2] reaction.

Abstract: A bacterial autoinducer, CAI-1, was purified and its structure identified. Methods for synthesis of the autoinducer and its analogues were elucidated. Methods of using the autoinducer or its analogues for treating bacterial pathogenicity and bio film formation are described. Methods for prevention and treatment of cholera are described. Synthetic (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one functions as well as natural CAI-1 in repressing production of the virulence factor toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). Strategies are described to manipulate bacterial quorum sensing in the clinical arena.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of butanol, acetone and/or other renewable chemicals is provided wherein the process utilises one or more of the group comprising by-products of the manufacture of malt whisky, such as draff, pot ale and/or spent lees, biomass substrates, such as paper, sludge from paper manufacture and spent grains from distillers and brewers, and diluents, such as water and spent liquid from other fermentations. The process comprises treating a substrate to hydrolyse it and fermenting the treated substrate at an initial pH in the range of 5.0 to 6.0. Also provided is a biofuel comprising butanol manufactured according to the process of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cell retaining matrix (CRB) for producing solvents and alcohols and an apparatus comprising said bio-column. The invention also relates to the method for producing solvents and alcohols by using said cell retaining matrix (CRB). Said cell retaining biomatrix (CRB cellulosic fibers, selected from the group consisting wood cellulosic fibers, pulp cellulosic fibers, vegetable cellulosic fibers, such as mechanical pulp, dissolving pulp, lignocellulosic fibers, and cellulosic fibers originated from vegetable peels, and at microbes, which have been immobilized into said cellulosic fibers, and which can save their biological activity in cell retaining biomatrix (CRB).

Abstract: A method for surface treating a carbon-containing material in which carbon-containing material is reacted with decomposing ozone in a reactor (e.g., a hollow tube reactor), wherein a concentration of ozone is maintained throughout the reactor by appropriate selection of at least processing temperature, gas stream flow rate, reactor dimensions, ozone concentration entering the reactor, and position of one or more ozone inlets (ports) in the reactor, wherein the method produces a surface-oxidized carbon or carbon-containing material, preferably having a surface atomic oxygen content of at least 15%. The resulting surface-oxidized carbon material and solid composites made therefrom are also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound for counteracting amine-based malodor in consumer, industrial and textile products.

Abstract: The invention relates to kinase inhibitor compounds and methods of identifying and using them. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating disorders, especially cancer.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to methods and materials for producing simvastatin and related compounds such as huvastatin.

Abstract: This disclosure describes the molecular cloning of an enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces fungicidicus, and characterization of individual genes in the gene cluster and the proteins encoded thereby. An enduracidin gene cluster is located within a 116 kilobases genetic locus and includes 25 open reading frames (ORFs). An additional 23 ORFs flank the disclosed enduracidin biosynthetic gene cluster. Enduracidin analogs and a method for producing them by manipulation of the enduracidin gene cluster and specific genes therein are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to cells and a method for producing acetone.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of polyketides in Actinomycetes by overexpression of pantothenate kinase and supplementation with pantothenic acid. This results in increasing in vivo CoA production and thereby drives increased production of secondary metabolites, such as polyketides.

Abstract: The invention application presents a fast, efficient, reproductive alternative of a non-invasive method for diagnosing the severity of heart failure based on a specific biomarker. An additional object of the present invention is a collector device for the biomarker from exhaled breath that is portable, simple, low cost and does not need to run on electric power. This invention advantageously permits the replacement of invasive diagnosis methods, favoring the patient's comfort in addition to the agility and speed of medical attention at hospitals, and may become a standard method for all suspected cases of circulatory disease and heart failure and, more specifically, decompensated heart failure.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, kits, devices, and methods of attracting, detecting, eradicating, controlling, or killing an insect, such as a bed bug, by utilizing insect attractant, arresting, and/or aggregation compounds and compositions is provided. Insect attractant, arresting, and/or aggregation compounds identified from insect fecal extract by an analytical technique, such as gas chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Carbon-13 NMR, mass spectroscopy, LC-MS, GC-MS, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), or combinations thereof are provided. A bed bug attractant, arresting, and/or aggregation compound identified from bed bug feces and exhibiting a Carbon-13 NMR peak at about ? 159.453 ppm is also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing a fermentation product from a lignocellulose-containing material comprises pre-treating the lignocellulose-containing material; introducing a cationic polysaccharide to the pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material; exposing the pre-treated lignocellulose-containing material to an effective amount of a first hydrolyzing enzyme; and fermenting with a fermenting organism to produce a fermentation product. The cationic polysaccharide may be a cationic starch.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for enhanced expression of light emitting reporters. Such reporters are used in methods for monitoring cultures for production of target compounds. Additionally, methods are provided for the use of light emitting reporter systems and other reporter systems for selecting desired traits in an organism and for identifying or optimizing culture conditions.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula X-[Q-W—(CH?CH)n—(CH2)2-L]m (I) in which X represents a polymer; Q represents a linking group; W represents an electron-withdrawing group; n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 4; L represents a leaving group; and m represent an integer of from 1 to 8. The compounds find use in the conjugation of biological molecules.

Abstract: A bacterial autoinducer, CAI-1, was purified and its structure identified. Methods for synthesis of the autoinducer and its analogues were elucidated. Methods of using the autoinducer or its analogues for treating bacterial pathogenicity and bio film formation are described. Methods for prevention and treatment of cholera are described. Synthetic (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one functions as well as natural CAI-1 in repressing production of the virulence factor toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). Strategies are described to manipulate bacterial quorum sensing in the clinical arena.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds useful as insect repellents and compositions comprising such repellents. The disclosure further provides insect traps.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for forming heptan-4-one, and, optionally, heptan-4-ol, from fermentable sugars. The sugars are fermented using a bacteria or yeast that predominantly forms butyric acid. The butyric acid is subjected to catalytic ketonization conditions to form heptan-4-one, with concomitant loss of water and carbon dioxide. The heptan-4-one can be subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to form heptan-4-ol, an either of these can be included in gasoline compositions. In one aspect, the fermentable sugars are derived from lignocellulosic materials such as wood products, switchgrass, or agricultural wastes, which are delignified to form lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. The cellulose and hemicellulose can be depolymerized to form glycose and xylose, either or both of which can be fermented by the bacteria.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of remedying deterioration of an insulating film which, during the remedial treatment of an insulating film deteriorated by plasma treatment, does not leave residual remedial agent on the wiring material such as the copper wiring layer, can be conducted using a dry process, and exhibits excellent applicability to mass production. The insulating film that has been deteriorated by plasma treatment is brought into contact with a remedial agent composed of a compound with a molecular structure having at least one of a nitro group and a carbonyl group, and at least one of a hydrocarbon group and a hydrogen group.

Abstract: There is provided a method for efficiently manufacturing metal nano particles without condensing laser beams by using a lens etc. In this method, first, metallic foil pieces, which are a starting material, are dispersed in a dispersion liquid. Next, laser beams are irradiated directly to the metallic foil pieces without providing a condensing means, by which many metal fine particles are yielded. The particle diameters of the metal fine particles obtained can be controlled to sizes from nano particles to submicron particles by utilizing the relationship between the shape (especially thickness) of the metallic foil piece which is a starting material and the absorbed energy of the laser beam.

Abstract: 4,8-dimethyl-3,7-nonadien-2-one has aromatizing properties and increases the extendibility and intensity of the aroma when used in an aroma composition.

Abstract: Commercially feasible methods for synthesizing various epothilones precursors needed for the preparation of final epothilones are provided, including techniques for the synthesis of epothilone segment A and C precursors. Segment C precursors are prepared using starting nitriles, which can alternately be oxidized to ketones and converted, or reacted to form the diol with subsequent conversion to the segment. Segment A precursors are prepared by reacting a starting enone with a chiral catalyst to give an intermediate alcohol in high enantomeric excess, followed by conversion of the alcohol to the desired Segment A precursor.

Abstract: An alkaline earth metal salt of &bgr;-diketo compound is produced using 1 mol of a powdery alkaline earth metal compound and 2.04 mol or more of an aliphatic &bgr;-diketo compound. The reaction may be carried out while supplying both components to a reactor continuously or intermittently, or may be carried out by adding one component to the other continuously or intermittently. The highest temperature during the reaction may be at 50° C. or higher. The reaction mixture may be aged, and then dried at a temperature of at 100 to 180° C. in an atmosphere of an inert gas. The alkaline earth metal compound may be calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, or barium hydroxide. The aliphatic &bgr;-diketo compound may be represented by the following formula, particularly an acetoacetic acid ester or acetylacetone. According to the production method as mentioned above, highly stable alkaline earth metal salts of &bgr;-diketo compounds of high quality can be produced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying a crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate containing an impurity. The process includes bringing the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate into contact with a poor solvent in which 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate is substantially insoluble, thereby removing the impurity from the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Alternatively, the process includes precipitating crystals of 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate from a solution of the crude 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate. Thus, it is possible to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone dihydrate of high purity. This product makes it easy to produce 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoroacetylacetone of high purity.

Abstract: This invention relates to trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentane derivatives: 3-(1-Acetoxy-1-methylethyl)- 2-formyl-1-methyl-1-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentane; 4-[5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentyl]-3-buten-2-one; 5-[5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentyl]-3-methyl-penta-1,4-dien-3-ol and alkyl 5-[5-(1-Hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-methyl-2-trimethylsilyloxy-cyclopentyl]-3-methyl-penta-2,4-dienoates.

Abstract: A catalyst composition for organic a symmetric synthesis is provided, which comprises: (A) a lanthanoid element ion; (B) a binaphthol, and (C) a nitrogen and/or phosphorus compound such as lutidine-N-oxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolldinone, hexamethyl-phosphortriamide, triphenylphosphine oxide, tri(2-methylphenyl)phosphine oxide or tri(4-methylphenyl )phosphine oxide. Asymmetric epoxidation of an enone is conducted by allowing an enone to react with an oxidizing agent in the presence of the catalyst composition or a catalyst solution containing the catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Raney catalyst comprising iron, cobalt, a third metal wherein the third metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium and mixtures of any of the metals of this group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Raney catalyst comprising iron, cobalt, a third metal wherein the third metal is selected from the group consisting of nickel, rhodium, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium and mixtures of any of these metals.

Abstract: A process carried out in a reaction column for the chemical reaction of substances the reaction of which is affected by an unfavorable equilibrium position of the main reaction or a preceding equilibrium, wherein during the reaction one or more substances to be separated are continuously removed from the reaction mixture by one or more auxiliaries.

Abstract: A process for making a sterically-hindered beta-diketone involving: (a) providing a solution comprising: (i) an ester; (ii) a base; and (iii) a solvent; (b) adding a ketone selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ketone and a hindered aliphatic ketone, to the solution, to form a condensation reaction mixture, whereby either the ester or the ketone is hindered; (c) reacting the solution with the ketone to form a sterically-hindered beta-diketone; and (d) recovering the sterically-hindered beta-diketone from the condensation reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for selective thermal oxidation or photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.

Abstract: A process for preparing bis(hydroxymethyl) compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represent identical or different electronegative groups, which process entails reacting C--H-acidic compounds of the formula (II) ##STR2## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are as defined above, with formaldehyde, wherein the reaction is carried out in an anhydrous medium.

Abstract: Inhibitors of oleamide hydrolase, responsible for the hydrolysis of an endogenous sleep-inducing lipid (1, cis-9-octadecenamide) were designed and synthesized. The most potent inhibitors possess an electrophilic carbonyl group capable of reversibly forming a (thio) hemiacetal or (thio) hemiketal to mimic the transition state of a serine or cysteine protease catalyzed reaction. In particular, the tight binding .alpha.-keto ethyl ester 8 (1.4 nM) and the trifluoromethyl ketone inhibitor 12 (1.2 nM) were found to have exceptional inhibitory activity. In addition to the inhibitory activity, some of the inhibitors displayed agonist activity which resulted in the induction of sleep in laboratory animals.

Abstract: A simple, high yielding synthesis of a-chloro ketones is described, involving acylation of Grignard and organolithium reagents with N-methoxy-N-methylchloroacetamide. The efficiency of the process is further enhanced by recycling N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine.

Abstract: A method for producing cyclopentadienes which comprises the step of cyclodehydration of an unsaturated carbonyl compound having a specific chemical structure in a vapor phase in the presence of a specific solid acid catalyst. The cyclopentadienes of the invention can be produced in a high yield from inexpensive starting materials through a simplified reaction process and are useful as intermediate compounds for organic synthesis.

Abstract: This invention encompasses a substantially homogeneous lipid chemoattractant released from stressed mammalian tissue which is a neutral lipid which is acid labile and stable to base and is stable in boiling water. This lipid recruits macrophages but not neutrophils to stressed tissue. The invention also encompasses a method for detecting injured tissue by detecting the presence of the above described lipid chemoattractant in body fluids such as urine, serum and saliva. The invention also includes a method for reducing recruitment of macrophages to injured tissue by reducing the amount of the above lipid chemoattractant or by blocking the interaction of this lipid chemoattractant with its macrophage binding site. The addition of this lipid chemoattractant to injured skin tissue promotes healing.

Abstract: The invention is intended to provide novel solid state displacement elements that have an extent of displacement. The solid state displacement element has an intercalation compound in which a polar compound (B) is mixed with an inorganic layered compound (A), and produces a strain when a voltage is applied.

Abstract: Process for improving a controlled oxidation reaction between at least one reactant and oxygen, in which at least one reactant is reacted with oxygen or an oxygen containing gas, constituting a reaction mixture, in the presence of at least one additional gas which is introduced into said reaction mixture and is selected from methane, ethane and helium, and the resulting reaction product from the oxidation reaction is possibly treated so as to give a final product.

Abstract: Novel volatile barium complexes are disclosed which are very stable and evaporate cleanly at elevated temperatures. Such complexes are highly suited for use as a barium source in OMCVD processes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel Fe-Pd catalyst prepared by impregnating, either together or respectively, an iron source compound and a palladium source compound onto a carrier selected from the group consisting of silica, alumina and silica-alumina, and drying and calcining said Fe-Pd impregnated carrier in a flow of air or H.sub.2 /N.sub.2 ; and a method for preparing a mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone by selectively oxidizing cyclohexane in a reaction medium provided with hydrogen and oxygen gases in the presence of said Fe-Pd catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a perfluoroalkyl-substituted compound is disclosed. The process comprises reacting a halopolyfluoroalkane having 1 to 20 carbon atoms with a compound selected from the group consisting of (1) a substituted or unsubstituted ethylene, (2) a substituted or unsubstituted acetylene and (3) a substituted or unsubstituted allylsilane, in the presence of a metal-carbonyl complex of the metal of the Group VIII of the Periodic Table. Alternatively, the reaction between the halopolyfluoroalkane and the substituted or unsubstituted allylsilane is effected under radical generating condition.