Abstract: A process for derivatization of an elemental carbon surface comprising exposing the carbon surface to a reaction mixture containing a thiol and a free radical initiator, and inducing decomposition of the initiator to free radicals so that moieties from the thiol become covalently attached to the carbon surface. The process can derivatize carbon with a redox active compound having a functional group which can be converted electrochemically between reduced and oxidized forms. Such derivatized carbon may be used in an electrode of an electrochemical sensor.

Abstract: The invention provides a glucoside compound, which is capable of providing a phosphoramidite, which can be produced at low cost and can produce a nucleic acid in high yield and with high purity. The glycoside compound has the formula wherein B, R1, R2, and R3 are as described herein.

Abstract: The compound (I) or a salt thereof has an excellent controlling activity against pests. Then the compound (I) or a salt thereof is useful for an active ingredient of a pesticidal composition.

Abstract: Disclosed are thioethers, methods for preparing such thioethers, and curable compositions, such as coating and sealant compositions, that include such thioethers. The thioethers can be the reaction product of (a) an alpha, omega dihalo organic compound, (b) a metal hydrosulfide, and (c) a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Disclosed are thioethers, methods for preparing such thioethers, and curable compositions, such as coating and sealant compositions, that include such thioethers. The thioethers can be the reaction product of (a) an alpha, omega dihalo organic compound, (b) a metal hydrosulfide and (c) a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for inducing reversible chain cleavage of polymer chains in a crosslinked polymeric material. Reversible cleavage of the polymer backbone is capable of relieving stress in the polymeric material as the bonds reform in a less stressed state. The invention also provides methods for making polymeric materials capable of reversible chain cleavage, materials made by the methods of the invention, and linear monomers containing reversible chain cleavage groups which are useful in the materials and methods of the invention.

Abstract: To obtain a close-contact multi-layer type diffractive optical element having a homogeneous high-refractive-index and low-dispersion resin layer, an acrylate-terminated oligomer, obtained by allowing excess bifunctional acrylate to react with bifunctional thiol, is used as a resin precursor for the high-refractive-index and low-dispersion resin layer.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ring compounds via a combinatorial synthesis, the reaction procedure is based on a Suzuki coupling; subsequent halo-demetallation and finally a further Suzuki coupling. The Suzuki couplings are each carried out with a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester. The reaction procedure uses provides novel ring compounds and uses novel synthesis units used for this purpose. The novel ring compounds are suitable for use as constituents in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical topical compositions containing polyisoprenyl-protein inhibitor compounds and methods useful in the promotion of healthy epithelium and the treatment of epithelial-related conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, cosmetic and cosmeceutical topical compositions containing polyisoprenyl-protein inhibitor compounds and methods useful in the promotion of healthy epithelium and the treatment of epithelial-related conditions.

Abstract: The chemistry of [13C]methyl phenyl sulfide is exploited to produce new isotopically labeled precursors that allow for the facile assembly of a wide range of labeled molecules from simple and relatively inexpensive starting materials. These compounds are applicable to a variety of research areas such as quantum computing, metabolism and materials science.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ring compounds via a combinatorial synthesis, the reaction procedure is based on a Suzuki coupling, subsequent halo-demetallation and finally a further Suzuki coupling. The Suzuki couplings are each carried out with a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester. The reaction procedure uses provides novel ring compounds and uses novel synthesis units used for this purpose. The novel ring compounds are suitable for use as constituents in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: Ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographic materials are constructed by tethering a terminal binding functionality to a solid support via a hydrophobic linker. The backbone of the linker typically comprises sulfur-containing moieties. Suitable terminal binding functionalities are tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts, or hydrophobic groups. These chromatographic materials possess both hydrophobic and ionic character under the conditions prescribed for their use. The separation of proteins from crude mixtures at physiological ionic strength can be accomplished with a chromatographic material of this type by applying pH or ionic strength gradients, thereby effecting protein adsorption and desorption.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I), wherein L1, L2, L3 and L4 independently of one another are hydrogen or an organic substituent; R is for example C1-C20alkyl, C5-C12cycloalkyl, C2-C20alkenyl, substituted C1-C20alkyl; X is O, S, NRa or NCORa; Ra is for example hydrogen or C1-C20alkyl; and Y is an inorganic or organic anion; are suitable as photolatent acid generators.

Abstract: A protective group represented by the following general formula (I) (the oxygen atom attached with * represents oxygen atom of 2?-hydroxyl group of a ribonucleoside, a ribonucleotide or a derivative thereof; R1 and R2 both represent hydrogen atom, or represent a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, or a C1-6 halo-substituted alkyl group; R3 and R4 represent hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl group, or a C1-6 halo-substituted alkyl group; and R5 and R6 represent a halogen atom, a C1-6 halo-substituted alkyl group, cyano group, nitro group, or the like), which is stable under the reaction conditions of the nucleic acid synthetic cycles and has little steric hindrance, and can be removed under mild conditions using fluoride ions as a base.

Abstract: Provided is a novel extractant for palladium capable of improving an extraction rate compared to the conventional extractant, DHS, and also capable of back-extracting palladium using an ammonia solution, and a method of separating and recovering palladium using the novel extractant.

Abstract: Disclosed are thioethers, methods for preparing such thioethers, and curable compositions, such as coating and sealant compositions, that include such thioethers. The thioethers can be the reaction product of (a) an alpha, omega dihalo organic compound, (b) a metal hydrosulfide, and (c) a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ring compounds via a combinatorial synthesis, the reaction procedure is based on a Suzuki coupling, subsequent halo-demetallation and finally a further Suzuki coupling. The Suzuki couplings are each carried out with a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester. The reaction procedure uses provides novel ring compounds and uses novel synthesis units used for this purpose. The novel ring compounds are suitable for use as constituents in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ring compounds via a combinatorial synthesis, the reaction procedure is based on a Suzuki coupling, subsequent halo-demetallation and finally a further Suzuki coupling. The Suzuki couplings are each carried out with a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester. The reaction procedure uses provides novel ring compounds and uses novel synthesis units used for this purpose. The novel ring compounds are suitable for use as constituents in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: Disclosed are thioethers, methods for preparing such thioethers, and curable compositions, such as coating and sealant compositions, that include such thioethers. The thioethers can be the reaction product of (a) an alpha, omega dihalo organic compound, (b) a metal hydrosulfide and (c) a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: Fuels, especially hydrocarbon fuels, and lubricants, especially lubricating oils, contain dithiocarbamyl ?-hydroxy fatty acid esters, a class of anti-corrosion, anti-wear, anti-fatigue, and extreme pressure additives that are derived from epoxidized fatty acid esters. The additives exhibit synergistic anti-wear activity in combination with phosphorus containing additives.

Abstract: Compounds according to formula (I) wherein Z is S, SO, or SO2, may be prepared by a process that includes charging to a reactor hydrogen sulfide and an alkyl glycidyl ether according to formula (III), in the presence of a base. The compounds may also be prepared by contacting an alkoxychlorohydrin according to formula (II) with a sulfide source.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ring compounds via a combinatorial synthesis, the reaction procedure is based on a Suzuki coupling, subsequent halo-demetallation and finally a further Suzuki coupling. The Suzuki couplings are each carried out with a boronic acid or a boronic acid ester. The reaction procedure uses provides novel ring compounds and uses novel synthesis units used for this purpose. The novel ring compounds are suitable for use as constituents in liquid-crystalline mixtures.

Abstract: Compositions containing surfactant compounds according to formula (I) R4OCH2CH(OH)CR2R3ZR1 ??(I) wherein Z is S, SO, or SO2, can have a range of equilibrium and/or dynamic surface tensions and a range of foaming performance attributes, depending upon the particular values of Z, R1, R2, R3, and R4. The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a process that includes reaction of a thiol with a glycidyl ether.

Abstract: Poly(ortho-methylphenol) is obtainable at high purities and yields using industrial processes by causing a secondary amine and formaldehyde to react with a polyphenol (first step), and then breaking down the aminomethyl group of the obtained poly(ortho-aminomethyl)phenol by means of hydrogenolysis in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst (second step).

Abstract: Elastomers which have excellent stability to prevent oxidative, thermal, dynamic, light-induced and/or ozone-induced degradation comprise, as stabilizers, at least one compound of the formula I [R—S(?O)m—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2]n—N(R1)2-n—R2, ??(I) in which R is C4–C20alkyl, hydroxyl-substituted C4–C20alkyl; phenyl, benzyl, ?-methylbenzyl, ?,?-dimethylbenzyl, cyclohexyl or —(CH2)qCOOR3, and, if m is 0, R may additionally be and, if n is 1 and R4 is hydrogen, R may additionally be R2—R1N—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—(CH2)x— or R2—R1N—CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—CH2—CH2—(O—CH2—CH2)y—, R1 is hydrogen, cyclohexyl or C3–C12alkyl, R2 is R3 is C1-C18alkyl, R4 is hydrogen or —CH2—CH(OH)—CH2—S(?O)m—R, X is C1–C8alkyl, Y is C1–C8alkyl, m is 0 or 1, n is 1 or 2, q is 1 or 2, x is from 2 to 6, and y is 1 or 2. The compounds of the formula I are also suitable as stabilizers for elastomers to prevent contact discoloration of substrates coming into contact with elastomers.

Abstract: Compositions containing surfactant compounds according to formula (I) ROCH2CH(OH)CR1R2ZCR1R2CH(OH)CH2OR,??(I) wherein Z is S, SO, or SO2, can have a range of equilibrium and/or dynamic surface tensions and a range of foaming performance attributes, depending upon the particular values of Z, R, R1, and R2. The compounds of formula (I) may be prepared by a process that includes reaction of a sulfide source such as a metal sulfide or bisulfide with an alkyl glycidyl ether.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to C2-substituted indan-1-ols and to their physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives. Compounds of embodiments of the invention may include compounds of formula I in which the radicals are as defined, and their physiologically acceptable salts and processes for their preparation. The compounds are suitable, for example, for use as anorectics.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to C2-disubstituted indan-1-ol systems of the Formula I, physiologically acceptable salts and physiologically functional derivatives thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, salts, and derivatives, which are useful for reducing weight, for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity, and for the prophylaxis or treatment of type II diabetes in mammals. The invention is directed also to methods for reducing weight and such treatments and prophylaxis. The invention is directed also to processes for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: Novel mercaptophenyl naphthyl methane compounds, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions comprised thereof are useful for the prevention or treatment of various medical indications associated with estrogen dependent diseases or syndromes related to osteoporosis, bone loss, bone formation, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, menopausal disorders, physiological disorders, diabetes disorders, prostatic carcinoma, cancer of breast, cancer of uterus, cancer of the cervix and cancer of the colon, threatened or habitual abortion, obesity, ovarian development or function, post-partum lactation and depression.

Abstract: Antimicrobially active 4-methyl-4-aryl-2-pentanols of the Formula 1 below, methods for the preparation of these compounds and their use as antimicrobial active compounds are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds and derivatives thereof, their synthesis, and their use as estrogen receptor modulators. The compounds of the instant inventive are ligands for estrogen receptors and as such may be useful for treatment or prevention of a variety of conditions related to estrogen functioning including bone loss, bone fractures, osteoporosis, cartilage degeneration, endometriosis, uterine fibroid disease, hot flashes, increased levels of LDL cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, impairment of cognitive functioning, cerebral degenerative disorders, restinosis, gynecomastia, autoimmune disease, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, obesity, incontinence, and cancer of the lung, colon, breast, uterus, and prrostate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel photoresist composition that can be developed with an aqueous alkaline solution, and is capable of being imaged at exposure wavelengths in the deep ultraviolet. The invention also relates to a process for imaging the novel photoresist as well as novel photoacid generators.

Abstract: A novel liquid photoreactive asymmetric acrylate compound containing sulfur, aromatic moieties, and optionally bromine, and having high dynamic range sensitivity is disclosed. The acrylate compound is a monomer for a photoimageable system. In one embodiment, when about 2-8% by weight of the acrylate compound is dissolved in a two-component urethane matrix system and incorporated in an optical article formed by reacting the two-component urethane matrix system, the optical article shows a sensitivity of about 4 or more and a shrinkage during the formation of the optical article of about 0.05% versus a sensitivity of 2.26 and a shrinkage of 0.13% when tribromophenyl acrylate, a commercial monomer, was used.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [2-13C]dithane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [2-13C]dithane wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to one or two deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to labeled compounds, e.g., [2H1-2, 13C]methanol (arylthio)-, acetates wherein the 13C atom is directly bonded to exactly one or two deuterium atoms.

Abstract: Novel dendritic molecules are provided which respond immediately by emission of light when stimulated with light or electric energy, and are useful, for example, as switching material of memory. The dendritic molecules have a core, a branch structure composed of Unit 1 represented by the following formula: wherein, ring A stands for a homo or heterocyclic six membered ring, optionally other branched structures, and surface functional groups as essential constituents.

Abstract: A medicament for treatment of cancer comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof: Ar1—S—R1—S—Ar2 wherein R1 represents a nonmetal bridging group; Ar1 and Ar2 independently represent a group selected from the group consisting of an aryl group which has, on its ring, one to three hydroxyl groups optionally substituted with a monovalent group and said aryl group may have one to three substituents other than hydroxyl group on its ring; and a heteroaryl group which has, on its ring, one to three hydroxyl groups optionally substituted with a monovalent group, and said heteroaryl group may have one to three substituents other than hydroxyl group on its ring.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a bis(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) compounds, characterized by nitrating a bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) compound wherein two phenyl groups are bonded to each other directly or through an electron-donating bridging group, sulfoxide group, sulfone group or carbonyl group in an inert solvent using nitric acid under the condition of substantially free from any other acid. According to the process, the target compounds reduced in the content of trinitrates can be produced in high yield and further recrystallizing the compound easily gives in high yield a high-purity products suitable for use as a raw material of producing a heat-resistant polymer and so on because the content of a trinitro-substitued compound in that compound is low.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tetracyclic compound of the formula I 1

Abstract: The dihalopropene compounds of the general formula (I) have excellent insecticidal/acaricidal activity, so that they are satisfactorily effective for the control of noxious insects, mites and ticks.

Abstract: An accelerated process for preparing an O-methyl phenol comprising reacting a phenol with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; and dimethylaminopyridine. According to another aspect, the invention provides an accelerated process for preparing an N-methyl heteroaromatic compound comprising reacting an NH-containing heteroaromatic compound with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; and dimethylaminopyridine. According to an additional aspect, the invention provides an accelerated process for preparing a methylated aminophenol comprising reacting an aminophenol having at least one N—H with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a catalyst selected from 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene; 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; and dimethylaminopyridine.

Abstract: The naphthyloxyacetic acid derivatives of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: A medicament for treatment of cancer comprising a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof:

Abstract: A liquid crystalline sulfur compound exhibiting high anisotropic factor of dipolemoment is provided. A terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound expressed by the general formula (I) is provided. A compound is preferred wherein, in the general formula (I), m is 1, n is 5 to 18, and R3 is an alkyl group wherein the number of carbon atoms is n or fewer than n. A method of synthesisng the terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound wherein, after implementing the synthesizing processes for a methoxy terphenyl derivative, a hydroxy terphenyl derivative, and terphenyl alkyloxy bromide derivative, that bromide derivative and thiourea are caused to react, etc. A self-assembled monolayer made using the terphenyl skeleton sulfur compound noted above is also provided.

Abstract: This invention is in the area of methods and compositions for the inhibition of the expression of VCAM-1 and, in particular, for the treatment of diseases mediated by VCAM-1, including cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: The present invention provides a difluoromethyl ether derivative which shows various suitable physical properties as a liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition comprising the compound and a liquid crystal display element containing the composition, and also provides a simple and efficient process for producing the difluoromethyl ether derivative.

Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: A method for producing benzyl derivatives of 2-butene-1,4-diols by reacting 2-butene-1,4-diols with benzyl chloride compounds in the presence of an alkali or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or carbonate to produce benzyl derivatives of 2-butene-1,4-diols and recovering at least a portion of at least one such benzene derivative.

Abstract: A new method for producing unsymmetrically substituted fluorenyl compounds, one step of which is the preparation of 2,7-disubstituted fluoren-9-one derivatives via the nucleophilic substitution of a compound of the formula D wherein A′ is selected from the group consisting of —Br, —Cl, —F, —NO2, and —CN; A is selected from the group consisting of —NO2, —CN, —CO2R, —C(O)R, —SO2R, —SO2RF, —C(CN)═C(CN)2 and —CH═C(CN)2; RF is —CpF2p+1, p=from about 0 to about 10; R is an straight, branched or cyclic aliphatic alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as phenyl or naphthyl; and is a carbonyl or a protected carbonyl such as a ketal or thio-ketal such as wherein R′ is —CrH2r+1; R″ is —(CH2)r—; and r is independently 2 or 3, with a nucleophilic reagent in the presence of an aprotic solvent

Abstract: Intermediates useful in the synthesis of a compound having polyene chain structure, processes for preparing the same, and a process for preparing &bgr;-carotene utilizing the same are disclosed. Also disclosed is a novel compound, retinyl sulfide, which was synthesized by the coupling of a diallylic sulfide of the present invention with the corresponding Wittig salt.