Abstract: An ion source apparatus for a mass spectrometer comprises a refractory metal filament operable to provide a flow of electrons by thermionic emission; an electrical current source electrically coupled to the filament for heating the filament; a vacuum chamber enclosing the filament; an ionization volume within the vacuum chamber capable of receiving the flow of electrons; a source of an oxygen-providing gas or gases; a restrictive fluidic coupling to the source of oxygen-providing gas or gases; and a gas conduit fluidically coupled to the restrictive fluidic coupling, the restrictive fluidic coupling and conduit operable to provide a flow of the oxygen-providing gas or gases into the vacuum chamber so as to maintain a partial pressure of said gas or gases within the vacuum chamber that is sufficiently high so as to inhibit the otherwise formation of a carbonaceous growth on the filament in the presence of a gaseous carbon-containing material.

Abstract: A photorefractive composite, a spatial light modulator and a hologram display device using the same include at least one carborane compound expressed as the following Chemical Formulae 1A through 1C: wherein the photorefractive composite exhibits photoconductivity and optical nonlinearity.

Abstract: A compound represented by Formula 1 below: (R1)a—CB—[Ar]n—CB—(R2)b??<Formula 1> wherein CB denotes carborane, Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group, and a detailed description of R1, R2, a, b, and n is provided in the detailed description. An organic light-emitting diode including an organic layer including the compound has high luminous efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for reversible hydrogen storage, to a material for reversible hydrogen storage and to the use of the material for reversible hydrogen storage.

Abstract: Provided is a method for polymerizing a polymer precursor, comprising: contacting a polymer precursor with a lithium carborane catalyst and an initiator under polymerizing conditions. A reaction solvent may be used, but is not necessary. Also provided is a method of preparing lithium carborane polymers, comprising: contacting a lithium carborane polymer precursor having a terminal alkenyl or alkynyl group with an initiator and an optional reaction solvent under polymerizing conditions. Functionalized carborane anions are also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides new methods for the synthesis of isotopically enriched metal borohydrides, metal tetrahydroundecaborate salts, and decaborane from isotopically enriched 10B-boric acid or 11B-boric acid. The invention is particularly useful for synthesis of isotopically enriched sodium or lithium borohydride, MB11H14 (where M is Li, Na, K, or alkylammonium), and decaborane.

Abstract: A method for producing MnB12H12, wherein M is a metal or ammonium cation and n is one or two, by combining a metal borohydride and XBH3; wherein X is a substituted amine; a substituted phosphine; or tetrahydrofuran.

Abstract: A process for fluorination of borohydride salts including providing a reaction medium comprising HF and a superacid. A borohydride salt compound is added to the reaction medium. The borohydride salt is reacted with the reaction medium under conditions to form a fluorinated borohydride salt. In addition, reactor vessels may be provided for reacting the HF, superacid additive and borohydride that are fabricated from materials resistant to superacid compositions.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved method for making unsubstituted carborane anions and monosubstituted carborane anions of formula: (R—CBn—Hm?)? where n is an integer ranging from 5 to about 11 and m? is an integer ranging from 5 to 16 where the relative values of n and m? depend upon the exact structure of the carborane and the presence of a non-hydrogen substituent. m as used herein is an integer ranging from 5 to 16. When R is hydrogen the anion is unsubstituted. When R is a halogen, a phenyl, a substituted phenyl group, such as fluorophenyl group, or any other substituent, the carborane is substituted. The method is particularly useful for preparation of twelve-vertex carborane anions R—CB11H11?, where R is a defined above, and is specifically useful for preparation of the unsubstituted carborane CB11H12-??, where R is H.

Abstract: The invention describes the synthesis of a panel of novel carbon-carbon linked carboranyl-containing 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrins bearing 25–44% boron by weight. In certain embodiments, a phenyl porphyrin compound has a carboranyl group attached to the phenyl group by a carbon-carbon linkage, wherein the phenyl group corresponds to the following formula where R7 through R11 are hydrogen, a carboranyl group, or are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, NMe3+, PMePh2+, PO(OH)2, SO3H, COOH, and NH2. In this embodiment, the carboranyl group is attached to the phenyl group by a carbon-carbon linkage, either one or two of R7 through R11 are other than hydrogen; and the phenyl porphyrin compound contains at least one phenyl group having at least one of said carboranyl groups.

Abstract: A medicament comprising as an active ingredient a compound or a physiologically acceptable salt thereof represented by general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a dicarba-closo-dodecaboran-yl which may be substituted with a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, carboxyl group or the like; R2 represents carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, or hydroxyl group; and X represents a single bond or a linking group such as —CO—Y1— wherein Y1 represents oxygen or —N(R3)— wherein R3 represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improvement in a liquid phase process for the direct fluorination of borohydride salts including the B10H10−2 and B12H12−2 salts wherein said borohydride salt is contacted with fluorine, under conditions for forming said fluorinated borohydride salt. The improvement in the liquid phase process resides in effecting the fluorination of said borohydride salt in the presence of a reaction medium having an acidity between that of water and anhydrous HF. More specifically, the reaction medium should have a Hammett acidity, Ho, between 0>Ho>−11.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I), wherein R1 represents a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group, a hydroxy-substituted alkenyl group, a hydroxy-substituted arylalkyl group (said arylalkyl group may have a substituent on the aryl ring), or a hydroxy-substituted arylalkenyl group (said arylalkenyl group may have a substituent on the aryl ring); X represents a dicarba-closo-dodecaborane-diyl group; R2 represents a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group or a hydroxy-substituted alkoxyalkyl group, or a salt thereof, which is useful as an agent exerting vitamin D actions or an agent for enhancing vitamin D actions.

Abstract: A carborane supercluster consisting of carborane (C2B10H12) as its constituent unit expressed as a molecular formula C2mB10mH12m-x, where x is a positive integer (i.e., x=1, 2, 3, . . . ) and m is an integer greater than unity (i.e., m=2, 3, . . . ). The parameter x represents the count of removed or detached hydrogen atoms. The parameter a represents the count of the clusters linked together. To produce the supercluster, carborane (C2B10H12) is ionized in a reaction chamber to generate carborane ions and then, the carborane ions thus generated are successively reacted with the remaining neutral (i.e., non-ionized) carborane (C2B10H12), thereby generating the carborane supercluster. Preferably, the cluster of the carborane consists of at least two of o-carborane, m-carborane, and p-carborane.

Abstract: New boron icosahedral ethers and esters formed from Cs2[closo-B12(OH)12],; Cs[closo-1-H-1-CB11(OH)11]; and closo-1,12-H2-1,12-C2B10(OH)10 are disclosed. Also set forth are their preparation by reacting the icosahedral boranes [closo-B12H12]2−, [closo-1-CB11H12]− and closo-1,12-(CH2OH)2-1,12-C2B10H10 with an acid anhdride or acid chloride to form the ester or an alkylating agent to form the ether.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalyst components comprising a compound having a weakly coordinating anion salt and a reactive cation, in particular a compound of the formula MxQy. Preferably, each M is independently a cation with at least one M being a reactive cation as defined herein. Q is a fluorinated polyhedral borate moiety. And x and y are absolute values of the oxidation states of Q and M, respectively. The present invention also provides processes for using the catalyst components defined herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to structural subunits called “synthons” which are suitable for use in the design and manufacture of molecular nanostructures, machines, and devices. The synthon comprises polyhedra units and other species which exhibit rigid structural frameworks, the availability of stereo- and regiochemically directed substitution patterns, synthetic availability and accessability with substitutional control, diversity of available structural arrangements with said polyhedra units and related species, and connecting means which function to join adjacent synthons.

Abstract: A polyhedral borane cluster consists essentially of a fused polyhedron including an open decaborane cage fused to a closed dodecaborane cluster wherein borane atoms are not an integral part of the cluster vertices. The polyhedral borane cluster can be contained within a biomolecule for use as a neutron capture reagent. A method of synthesizing the polyhedral borane cluster includes the step of fusing an open decaborane cage to a closed dodecaborane cluster.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound which contains boron and which comprises the following general formula (1) in which Cb represents carborane, R2 and R3, independent of one another, represent a hydrogen atom or an organic radical, and R and R1, independent of one another, represent a hydrogen atom or an organic group, or R and R1 form a carbonyl group with the carbon atom to which they are bound. The invention also relates to a method of producing a compound containing boron and to the application of the same.

Abstract: A carborane supercluster consisting of carborane (C2B10H12) as its constituent unit expressed as a molecular formula C2mB10mH12m-x, where x is a positive integer (i.e., x=1, 2, 3, . . . ) and m is an integer greater than unity (i.e., m=2, 3, . . . ). The parameter x represents the count of removed or detached hydrogen atoms. The parameter a represents the count of the clusters linked together. To produce the supercluster, carborane (C2B10H12) is ionized in a reaction chamber to generate carborane ions and then, the carborane ions thus generated are successively reacted with the remaining neutral (i.e., non-ionized) carborane (C2B10H12), thereby generating the carborane supercluster. Preferably, the cluster of the carborane consists of at least two of o-carborane, m-carborane, and p-carborane.

Abstract: A class of molecules suitable for linear and nonlinear optical applications which include charged aromatic groups which function as electronic donors and acceptors connected through polyhedral and &pgr;-organic and inorganic groups. The polyhedral and &pgr;-organic and inorganic groups function as structural and electronic bridges for the charged donors and acceptors.

Abstract: The present invention provides weakly coordinating anion salts comprising a reactive cation and uses thereof. In particular, the present invention provides compounds of the formula MxQy and uses thereof. Preferably, each M is independently a cation with at least one M being a reactive cation as defined herein. Q is a fluorinated polyhedral borate moiety. And x and y are absolute values of the oxidation states of Q and M, respectively.

Abstract: The dodecamethyl closo-borane dianion [closo-B12(CH3)12]2− and anion [closo-B12(CH3)12]− were synthesized and characterized. Dodecamethyl-closo dodecaborate (2−) was produced from [closo-B12H12]2−, using trimethylaluminum, and methyl iodide and modified Friedel-Crafts reaction conditions. The anion was produced from the dianion by chemical oxidation using ceric (4) ammonium nitrate in acetonitrile. The anion and dianion were both characterized by 1H and 11B NMR spectroscopy, high-resolution fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The “camouflaged” polyhedral borane anion [closo-B12(CH3)12]2−, can be used as a precursor to materials that offer a broad spectrum of novel applications ranging from drug applications and supramolecular chemistry to use as a weakly-coordinating dianion.

Abstract: This invention provides a compound comprising fluorinated aminoborate monoanion of the formula: [R1R2R3N—BaHbFc]−1  I methods for preparing the same, and uses thereof, where R1, R2, R3, a, b, and c are those defined herein.

Abstract: New icosahedral borohydrates Cs2[closo-B12(OH)12]; Cs[closo-1-H-1-CB11(OH)11]; and closo-1,12-H2-1,12-C2B10(OH)10 are disclosed. Also set forth are their preparation by refluxing the icosahedral boranes [closo-B12H12]2−, [closo-1-CB11H12]− and closo-1,12-(CH2OH)2-1,12-C2B10H10 with a hydroxylating agent, preferably 30%w hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds comprising a polyhalogenated heteroborane anion of the formula RaZBbHcFdXe(OR″)f−1, and a method for producing the same. Specifically, the present invention provides compounds comprising a polyfluorinated monocarborane anion.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n and o are a number from 0 to 50, m is a number from 1 to 50, u and v are 0 or 1, and at least one of the indices u and v is 1, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, R.sub.5, if n and o are 0, is for example C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl and, if n and/or o are greater than 0, or if n and o are 0 and at the same time only one index u or v is 1, R.sub.5 may additionally, for example, be an aromatic hydrocarbon, at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.2a, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 being an aromatic hydrocarbon radical which is sterically hindered ortho to the boron atom, X is, for example, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene, phenylene, biphenylene, etc., and Z is a radical which is able to form positive ions, are suitable as photoinitiators, both the compounds per se and their combination with dyes or other electron acceptors.

Abstract: Substituted borate and carborate anions having unusual properties of being exceptionally weakly nucleophilic and being soluble in non-polar solvents. One-electron oxidation of the anions yields the corresponding radicals. The compounds are useful, e.g., as electrolytes, catalysts, and electrochromic materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a gadolinium-DTPA complex containing a carborane unit having structural formula (1) given below and an intermediate thereof, i.e., carborane-containing DTPA derivative represented by formula (2) given below. ##STR1## The present invention also provides a method of synthesizing the compound (1), which comprises reacting an ester derivative of DTPA with a carborane derivative in the presence of a palladium catalyst, deesterifying by treatment with an acid, reacting with gadolinium trichloride hexahydrate, and treating with an alkali to give the desired compound (1).

Abstract: Boron neutron capture therapy can utilize X.sub.y B.sub.20 H.sub.17 L where X is an alkali metal, y is 1 to 4, and L is a two electron donor such as NH.sub.3, and Na.sub.2 B.sub.10 H.sub.9 NCO, among others. These borane salts may be used free or encapsulated in liposomes. Liposomes may have embedded within their bilayers carboranes to increase the amount of delivered .sup.10 B and/or to increase the tumor specificity of the liposome.

Abstract: A method for selectively adding chlorine, bromine, or iodine to cobalt dicarbollide anions by means of electrophilic substitution reactions. Halogens are added only to the B10 and B10' positions of the anion. The process involves use of hypohalous acid or N-halosuccinimide or gaseous chlorine in the presence of iron.

Abstract: New chiral compounds of the formula ##STR1## a process for their preparation and their use for the preparation of optically active compounds.

Abstract: A process for preparing tractable preceramic precursors of Group IIIA metal/Group VA nonmetal compounds, such as BN, in which a first reactant containing a Group VA nonmetal to hydrogen bond, such as ammonia or an amine is reacted with a second reactant containing a Group IIIA metal to hydrogen bond, such as a metal hydride, in the presence of a metal catalyst that catalyzes dehydrocoupling of the bonds to form the precursor. Further reaction of the precursor in the presence of the catalyst forms oligomeric/polymeric forms of the precursor.

Abstract: Carboranylmethylene-substituted cyclophosphazenes which can be thermally polymerized into carboranylmethylene-substituted phosphazene polymers, useful as thermally stable coatings and, due to the characteristics of these polymers in acting as a ligand for transition metals, metallocarboranylmethylene phosphazene polymers which can act as immobilized catalyst systems, and are electrically conductive and superconductive.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved method and the thermolysis equipment setup for certing tetraethylammonium tetrahydridoborane to bis(tetraethylammonium) decahydrodecaborane by a thermolysis reaction which increases the yield in the range between about 22% to 64%, and, perhaps higher. The heat transfer control is maintained by employing triethylamine borane in the reaction mixture between about 175.degree. C. and 186.degree. C. for a reaction time from about 1 hour to about 2.5 hours. The disclosed thermolysis procedure is successful in dissipating a major portion of the exothermic heat. The control of the generated heat serves to minimize the formation of the byproduct bis(tetraethylammonium) dodecahydrododecaborane while increasing the yield of the desired product, bis(tetraethylammonium) decahydrodecaborane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of decaborane-14(B.sub.10 H.sub) in high yields from B.sub.5 H.sub.9 which involve three basic procedure steps as follows:(1) conversion of B.sub.5 H.sub.9 to a solid, [N(CH.sub.3).sub.4 ][B.sub.9 H.sub.14 ], by reacting NaH in a tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution in the presence of [N(CH.sub.3).sub.4 ][Cl];(2) performing a hydride abstraction on the solid after removal of THF by reacting, while stirring, a boron trihalide selected from BBr.sub.3 and BCl.sub.3 to form B.sub.10 H.sub.14 ; and,(3) separating the B.sub.10 H.sub.14 from the solid reaction mixture by a sublimation procedure.

Abstract: Carboranyl-substituted polyphosphazenes are prepared by heat polymerizing a carboranyl halocyclophosphazene at 250.degree. C. for about 120 hours in the absence of oxygen and moisture. The cyclophosphazene is obtained by allowing a lithium carborane, e.g. the reaction product of methyl-o-carborane with n-butyllithium in ethyl ether, to react with e.g. hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene at ambient temperatures and in anhydrous conditions. For greater stability in the presence of moisture, the chlorine substituents of the polymer are then replaced by aryloxy or alkoxy groups, such as CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 O--.The new substantially inorganic polymers are thermally stable materials which produce a high char yield when exposed to extreme temperatures, and can thus serve to insulate less heat and fire resistant substances.