Abstract: Oil-based compositions for dispersing asphaltenes and paraffins in ducts and equipment employed in the field of oil production, transporting, processing and storing are provided. The compositions are easy to formulate and they further are environmentally friendly as they are biodegradable and “green” products. The compositions comprise a non-polar solvent and bismuth nanoparticles, and can optionally further comprise a compound in the terpenes or terpenoids family and an organic acid.

Abstract: An apparatus for oxidation of a C8-C12alkylbenzene reactant to a C8-C12 alkylbenzene hydroperoxide product, the re-actor can comprise: a flow reactor comprising a reactant inlet, an oxidate product outlet, wherein the reactor is configured to provide a liquid flow from the reactant inlet to the product outlet, a gas inlet configured to introduce an oxygen-containing gas into the reactor, and an inlet sparger configured to flow gas bubbles comprising the oxygen-containing gas within the liquid flow, and wherein: the inlet sparger is configured to flow the gas bubbles having a diameter of 1.0 mm to 5.0 mm over a gas bubble residence time from 1 to 200 seconds, and/or the inlet sparger configured to flow the gas bubbles such that greater than or equal to 80% of the gas bubbles do not coalesce into larger bubbles over a gas bubble residence time of 1 to 200 seconds.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing cumene to cumene hydroperoxide using an oxygen containing gas, which process composes—conducting a cumene feed and an oxygen containing gas feed to at least the first oxidation reactor in a series of 3-8 reactors, thereby forming an oxidation mixture, and—conducting the oxidation mixture from one oxidation reactor to at least one subsequent reactor, wherein—the reactors are operated with reducing liquid levels; —the oxidation is operated as a dry oxidation, whereby the only gaseous feeds conducted to the oxidation reactors are the cumene feed and the oxygen containing gas feed; —the oxygen containing gas feed is washed with caustic and then with water to remove all acidic or caustic traces before conducting it into an oxidation reactor; —the pressure within each oxidation reactor is in the range of 0-10 barg; —the off-gases from the top section of each oxidation reactor are separated and cooled, whereby a condensate containing unreacted cumene is formed, and—washing the condensate and

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for oxidizing cumene to cumene hydroperoxide using an oxygen containing gas, preferably air, which process comprises —conducting a cumene feed and an oxygen containing gas feed to at least the first oxidation reactor in a series of 3-8 reactors, thereby forming an oxidation mixture, and conducting the formed oxidation mixture from one reactor to the next, preferably after an oxidation reaction has taken place, wherein —the reactors comprise at least one lower pressure oxidizer (1) as the first reactor in the series and at least one higher pressure oxidizer (2) as the last reactor in the series; —any lower pressure oxidizer is operated at a pressure of at least atmospheric pressure and any higher pressure oxidizer is operated at a pressure of at least 0.5 bar higher than said at least one lower pressure oxidizer.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing a hydrocarbon, the hydrocarbon is contacted with oxygen in the presence of an N-substituted cyclic imide and under conditions to oxidize the hydrocarbon to produce an oxidized hydrocarbon product and at least one decomposition product of the N-substituted cyclic imide. At least a portion of the at least one decomposition product is contacted with hydroxylamine or a salt thereof under conditions to convert the at least one decomposition product back to said imide.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing a composition comprising contacting an alkylbenzene of the general formula (I): where R1 and R2 each independently represents hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, wherein R1 and R2 may be joined to form a cyclic group having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, the cyclic group being optionally substituted, and R3 represents hydrogen, one or more alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a cyclohexyl group; and (ii) about 0.05 wt % to about 5 wt % of phenol, with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst containing a cyclic imide having the general formula (II): wherein X represents an oxygen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an acyloxy group under conditions effective to convert at least a portion of the alkylbenzene to a hydroperoxide.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing an alkylaromatic compound to the corresponding hydroperoxide, a feed comprising an alkylaromatic compound is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 150° C., with the cyclic imide being present in an amount between about 0.05 wt % and about 5 wt % of the alkylaromatic compound in the feed and the catalyst being substantially free of alkali metal compounds. The contacting oxidizes at least part of the alkylaromatic compound in said feed to the corresponding hydroperoxide.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the manufacture of microparticle benzoyl peroxide. The process of the invention provides for an aqueous slurry of USP benzoyl peroxide, optionally containing additives, being processed via microfluidization technology. The process comprises forcing a slurry of benzoyl peroxide at high pressure through a narrow channel designed to produce high shear, thereby achieving primary particle size reduction in addition to de-agglomeration.

Abstract: Compounds of the following general formula (I): are described. Also described, are methods of preparing the compounds and their use in therapeutics.

Abstract: Crystalline benzoyl peroxide particles having a particle size no greater than 25 microns and formed by wet milling in the absence of solvents and wherein the crystalline benzoyl peroxide is not irritating to the skin. A therapeutic or cosmetic composition comprising a water-based gel containing the crystalline benzoyl peroxide.

Abstract: In a process for oxidizing an alkylaromatic compound to the corresponding hydroperoxide, a feed comprising an alkylaromatic compound is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 150° C., with the cyclic imide being present in an amount between about 0.05 wt % and about 5 wt % of the alkylaromatic compound in the feed and the catalyst being substantially free of alkali metal compounds. The contacting oxidizes at least part of the alkylaromatic compound in said feed to the corresponding hydroperoxide.

Abstract: In a process for producing phenol or a substituted phenol, an alkylaromatic hydroperoxide having a general formula (I): in which R1 and R2 each independently represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that R1 and R2 may be joined to form a cyclic group having from 4 to 10 carbon atoms, said cyclic group being optionally substituted, and R3 represents hydrogen, one or more alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a cyclohexyl group, is contacted with a catalyst comprising an oxide of at least one metal from Groups 3 to 5 and Groups 7 to 14 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and an oxide of at least one metal from Group 6 of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of hydroperoxides of alkylbenzenes characterized by the fact that the alkylbenzene reacts with oxygen in the presence of a catalytic system which includes an N-hydroxyimide or an N-hydroxysulfamide and a polar solvent.

Abstract: A method of purification and modification of carbon nanoproduct involves forcing a mixture of the dehydrated air or oxygen or ozone or any combination thereof through the carbon nanoproduct under pressure up to 0.8 MPa accompanied by mixing of the carbon nanoproduct and heating in the temperature range from +20 to +550° C. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for treatment of material transported through the device comprising at least one porous element consisting of solid, for example metallic, structure which allows cross-flow of the material through the porous element. The invention also relates to various types of uses of the device. A device in accordance with the invention is particularly useful to carry out chemical reactions under homogenous and heterogeneous conditions. Such a device hereinafter also referred as reactor may comprises a tube (1) having a cylindrical wall (2) with one inlet end (3) and one outlet end (4). Arranged in the tube (1) is at least one cylindrical porous element (5) consisting of solid metal structure, wherein said porous element (5) comprises a plurality of hollow spaces that are connected to each other and form an interconnected cavity network and wherein the at least one porous element (5) and the cylindrical wall (2) are made in one piece.

Abstract: A reactor which comprises a vessel (1) with a vessel bottom (2), a stirrer (3) arranged in the vessel, an emergency discharge valve (4) arranged in the vessel bottom for emptying the reactor in less than 600 seconds and at least one filtration device (5) arranged in the vessel bottom is suitable for the safe preparation of organic peroxides. The process for preparing an organic peroxide comprises the steps of preparing a solid hydroperoxide in the form of a suspension in the reactor, filtering the suspension through the filtration device (5) arranged in the vessel bottom (2) while retaining the solid hydroperoxide in the reactor and reacting the hydroperoxide with an alkylating agent, an acylating agent or a carbonyl compound.

Abstract: A honeycomb body is disclosed having cells extending along a common direction, a first plurality of the cells being open at both ends of the body and a second plurality of the cells being closed at one or both ends of the body, the second plurality of cells arranged in one or more groups of cells cooperating to define one or more fluid passages extending through the body at least in part perpendicularly to the common direction, wherein, in a plane perpendicular to the common direction, the ratio of the area of cells of the first plurality to the area of cells of the second plurality varies along the length of at least one of the one or more fluid passages.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method for manufacturing tert-butyl hydroperoxide that includes the following steps: a) fermenting renewable raw materials and optionally purifying the same to produce a mixture containing at least butanol; b) dehydrating the butanol into butane; c) converting the butane into isobutene and optionally hydrating the isobutene to produce tert-butanol; d) reacting the product of step c) with hydrogen peroxide so as to produce tert-butyl hydroperoxide; and e) isolating the tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The invention also relates to tert-butyl hydroperoxide containing carbon atoms from renewable resources, to the compositions containing said tert-butyl hydroperoxide, and also relates to the use thereof as a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: This application refers to Organic Peroxides of the Dialcyl, Perester, Perketal, and Dialkyl classes, which were modified to resist to oxygen, destined to be used in the process of production of Power Wires and Cables, Shapes, flocculated, compact and spongeous, used for the assembly of sealing of doors, trunks and windows in the automobile industry and civil construction, and also in the process of continuous vulcanization in hot air tunnel, in presence of oxygen, with the application of modified Organic Peroxides.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for preparing a crosslinked cable, including:—applying one or more layers including a polymer composition on a conductor, wherein at least one layer includes one or more free radical generating agents,—crosslinking by radical reaction said at least one layer comprising said free radical generating agent(s),—cooling the obtained crosslinked cable in pressurized conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for modifying a polymer composition, to modified polymer compositions, to an article, preferably wire or cable, including said modified polymer composition, to a process for preparing an article, preferably a wire or cable, to the use of said modified polymer in one or more layers of a wire or cable, as well as to a compound for use as a radical generating agent for modifying a polymer composition.

Abstract: The application relates to a method for modifying a polymer composition, to modified polymer compositions, to an article, preferably wire or cable, including said modified polymer composition, to a process for preparing an article, preferably a wire or cable, to the use of said modified polymer in one or more layers of a wire or cable, as well as to a compound for use as a radical generating agent for modifying a polymer composition.

Abstract: The application relates to a process for preparing a crosslinked cable, including: —applying one or more layers including a polymer composition on a conductor, wherein at least one layer includes one or more free radical generating agents, —crosslinking by radical reaction said at least one layer including said free radical generating agent(s), —cooling the obtained crosslinked cable in pressurized conditions, and —reducing or removing the content of volatile decomposition products(s), which are originating from optionally in elevated temperature, from the crosslinked cable obtained from cooling and recovery step.

Abstract: A reactor which comprises a vessel (1) with a vessel bottom (2), a stirrer (3) arranged in the vessel, an emergency discharge valve (4) arranged in the vessel bottom for emptying the reactor in less than 600 seconds and at least one filtration device (5) arranged in the vessel bottom is suitable for the safe preparation of organic peroxides. The process for preparing an organic peroxide comprises the steps of preparing a solid hydroperoxide in the form of a suspension in the reactor, filtering the suspension through the filtration device (5) arranged in the vessel bottom (2) while retaining the solid hydroperoxide in the reactor and reacting the hydroperoxide with an alkylating agent, an acylating agent or a carbonyl compound.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for preparing organic hydroperoxides by oxidizing hydrocarbon compounds in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas and a catalyst containing a transition metal on a solid support.

Abstract: This invention refers to a process for the synthesis of cumene hydroperoxide and to the product thus obtained. More in particular, this invention refers to a process for the production of cumene hydroperoxide by oxidating cumene with oxygen, where this process is run in the presence of a basic medium insoluble in the reaction environment, and such as not to release inorganic cations to the reaction environment. Such a basic medium is preferably a pyridinic resin. The cumene hydroperoxide thus obtained, characterized by the fact of being free of inorganic cations, is a further object of the invention.

Abstract: The specification provides a method of producing cumene hydroperoxide by continuous aqueous-emulsion oxidation at a high temperature and pressure in a cascade of reactors, wherein the process is conducted in the presence of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt with a concentration of 0.001–0.5 mass % and an aqueous solution of ammonia with a concentration of 0.001–0.5 mass %, which mixture is fed into each oxidation reactor in an ammonia:ammonium salt mass ratio of 1:100 to 100:1.

Abstract: The specification provides a method of producing cumene hydroperoxide by continuous aqueous-emulsion oxidation at a high temperature and pressure in a cascade of reactors, wherein the process is conducted in the presence of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an ammonium salt with a concentration of 0.001-0.5 mass % and an aqueous solution of ammonia with a concentration of 0.001-0.5 mass %, which mixture is fed into each oxidation reactor in an ammonia:ammonium salt mass ratio of 1:100 to 100:1.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidizing organic substrates using 1O2 in which hydrophobic organic substrates that react with 1O2 are added to an organic solvent in the presence of a heterogeneous or homogeneous catalyst with 30–70% being compr Afterwards, H2O2 is catalytically decomposed into water and 1O2, and the oxidation into corresponding oxidation products ensues.

Abstract: Methods of making compositions including fluorinated peroxides are disclosed. The compositions are useful, for example, for reacting with organic compounds. In one embodiment, novel peroxides are provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing organic hydroperoxides, which process comprises: (a) oxidation of an organic compound to obtain reaction product containing organic hydroperoxide, (b) contacting at least part of the organic hydroperoxide containing reaction product with a basic aqueous solution, (c) separating hydrocarbonaceous phase containing organic hydroperoxide from aqueous phase, (d) contacting at least part of the separated hydrocarbonaceous phase containing organic hydroperoxide with an aqueous solution comprising wastewater, and (e) separating the hydrocarbonaceous phase containing organic hydroperoxide from the aqueous phase. The invention further relates to a process for preparing an oxirane compounds with the help of this process, and a to a process for preparing an alkenyl aryl with the help of this process.

Abstract: A process of the invention allows a cycloalkane to react with oxygen in the presence of a catalytic imide compound having an N-hydroxy (or N-oxo) cyclic imide skeleton and thereby yields a corresponding bis(1-hydroxycycloalkyl)peroxide.

Abstract: This application relates to compositions of cross-linking peroxides which have excellent storage stability, without exudation of peroxide taking place, which contain the organic peroxide in a high concentration, and which are easily blendable with a rubber to be cross-linked. The compositions are obtained by mixing a softening agent with a Brookfield viscosity of 10,000 poises or less at 60 ° C. with an organic peroxide, preferably in the presence of a filler, and optionally with further ingredients.

Abstract: A process for preparing organic hydroperoxides, which process comprises:

Abstract: A new class of “living” free radical initiators that are based on alkylperoxydiarylborane and its derivatives and that may be represented by the general formula. R—[O—O—B—&phgr;1(—&phgr;2)]n wherein n is from 1 to 4, R is a hydrogen or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having a molecular weight from 1 to about 500, and &phgr;1 and &phgr;2, independently, are selected from aryl radicals, based on phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, with the proviso that &phgr;1 and &phgr;2 can be the chemically bridged to each other with a linking group or with a direct chemical bond between the two aryl groups to form a cyclic ring structure that includes a boron atom are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for oxidizing organic substrate by using 1O2. According to the inventive method, organic substrates that react with 1O2 are mixed with 30-70% H2O2 in water, in an organic solvent or in a mixture thereof in the presence of a lanthanide as the catalyst. H2O2 is catalytically decomposed to water and 1O2 and is then oxidized to the corresponding oxidation products.

Abstract: A new class of “living” free radical initiators that are based on alkylperoxydiarylborane and its derivatives and that may be represented by the general formula. R—[O—O—B-&phgr;1(-&phgr;2)]n wherein n is from 1 to 4, R is a hydrogen or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl radical having a molecular weight from 1 to about 500, and &phgr;1 and &phgr;2, independently, are selected from aryl radicals, based on phenyl or substituted phenyl groups, with the proviso that &phgr;1 and &phgr;2 can be the chemically bridged to each other with a linking group or with a direct chemical bond between the two aryl groups to form a cyclic ring structure that includes a boron atom are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the di-tertiary-peroxide synthesis, wherein the condensation reaction between a tertiary hydroperoxide and a tertiary alcohol is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst, constituted by a compound having a mono-sulphonated aromatic ring selected from the following formulae: wherein: R is an alkyl group having from 2 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6; R′ and R″ are alkyl groups having a number of from 1 to 9 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the synthesis of diacyl peroxide by contacting acyl halide and peroxide complex in liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to oxidative methods for controlling the oxidation of a class of compounds, including hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane for example, alcohols, such as cyclohexanol for example, ketones, such as cyclohexanone for example, and peroxides, such as cyclohexylhydroperoxide for example, to intermediate oxidation products, such as adipic acid for example, by the removing the catalyst, such as cobalt compounds for example, from the oxidation mixture, outside the oxidation zone, after the oxidation has taken place at least partially. The catalyst is at least partially precipitated by following the steps of changing the temperature to be within a specific range, and sequentially reducing the water level to such a degree that causes the catalyst to precipitate. The precipitated catalyst is thereafter preferably filtered from the oxidation mixture and recycled to the oxidation zone.

Abstract: A process for the di-ter-peroxide synthesis, wherein the condensation reaction between a tertiary hydroperoxide and a tertiary alcohol is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst, constituted by a compound having a mono-sulphonated aromatic ring selected from the following formulae: 1

Abstract: A process for production of a t-alkyl peroxide compound includes the steps of: a) reacting an n-alkyl t-alkyl ether with a reactant mixture comprising an acid catalyst and a compound of the formula RO2H  (I)  where R is H or t-alkyl, provided that if R is t-alkyl the t-alkyl peroxide compound product is a di-t-alkyl peroxide, and b) isolating a reaction product comprising said t-alkyl peroxide compound from the mixture resulting from step a). The process can be used to prepare t-butyl hydroperoxide or di-t-butyl peroxide from methyl t-butyl ether. Sulfuric acid may be used as the acid catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for controlling the oxidation of hydrocarbons to intermediate oxidation products, such as adipic acid for example, by removing the catalyst from the reaction mixture, outside the reaction zone, after the oxidation has taken place at least partially. The catalyst is at least partially precipitated by reducing the water level in the reaction mixture and subjecting the reaction mixture to a temperature, at which or over which catalyst precipitates.

Abstract: The process of preparing geminal dihydroperoxy alkyl peroxides and 1,1-dihydroperoxydialkyl peroxides, which comprises reacting an aqueous composition comprising a ketone with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a heteropolyacid.

Abstract: 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-t-butylperoxy-hexane is produced by reacting 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene with t-butylhydroperoxide under acid catalysis in the presence of an electron pair acceptor Lewis acid in a substantially anhydrous solvent. If one uses technical water-containing t-butylhydroperoxide, the water can be separated, after mixing with the 2,5-dimethyl-1,5-hexadiene, by adding sulfuric acid or calcium chloride and subsequently the electron pair acceptor Lewis acid is added.

Abstract: A process for selective thermal oxidation or photooxidation of hydrocarbons adsorbed onto zeolite matrices. A highly selective thermal oxidation and photooxidation of unsubstituted or alkyl substituted alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and cycloalkyls in solvent free zeolites under dark thermal conditions or under irradiation with visible light. The process oxidizes hydrocarbons almost completely selectively without substantial production of byproducts.

Abstract: Process for reducing the content of water in imido-alkanpercarboxylic acids comprising heating a suspension of imido-alkanpercarboxylc acid in water up to the complete solid melting and subsequent separation of the organic phase from the aqueous phase and recovery of the organic phase containing the imido-alkanpercarboxylic acid.

Abstract: Purification process of imido-alkancaboxylic acids from contaminants represented by acid-carboxylic, lactam or aminoacids and water comprising:A) Preparation of the imido-alkancarboxylic acid precursor by reaction of an anhydride a1) or the corresponding acids, with an aminoacid b1) with water; or a1) with a lactam b2) and water; at temperatures comprised between 100.degree. and 250.degree. C., under pressure of an inert gas from 1 to 30 bar, for reaction times from 2 to 20 hours; wherein the ratio by moles between a1/(b1 or b2)/water is comprised between 1/1.05-1.1/0.5-2.5; optional addition of water such that it is at least, of 2 moles for mole of a1);B) discharge of the precursor obtained in phase A) in a solvent immiscible with water;C) separation of the aqueous phases from the organic phase;D) recovery of the organic phase for the successive peroxidation reaction.

Abstract: Novel unsaturated peroxide compositions of Structure A,R--Q--X--R.sub.1 A[Where the R--Q-- grouping contains a polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond, --X-- is a direct bond or a connecting diradical and --R.sub.1 is a peroxide containing radical all as defined in the Summary of the Invention Section.], polymeric-peroxide compositions derived from them and their uses are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of selective preparation of ditertiary butyl peroxide from tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and t-butanol which comprises reacting said tertiary butyl hydroperoxide and t-butanol over a solid acid catalyst selected from:a) an acidic montmorillonite clay;b) an acidic zeolite selected from the group consisting of dealuminized Y-zeolite and pentasil zeolite;c) an acidic organic resin; andd) heteropoly acids supported on an oxide selected from Group III or Group IV.