Abstract: Methods for manufacturing neuraminic acid compounds and synthetic intermediates of neuraminic acid compounds, including a method for manufacturing a compound represented by wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl, R3 represents a C1-C6 alkyl, R4 and R5 represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl or a phenyl, or R4 and R5 together form a tetramethylene, a pentamethylene or an oxo, and Ac represents an acetyl, comprising reacting a compound represented by wherein R2 represents a C1-C4 alkyl, R3 represents a C1-C6 alkyl, R4 and R5 represent a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl or a phenyl, or R4 and R5 together form a tetramethylene, a pentamethylene or an oxo, with trimethylsilyl azide in the presence of a Lewis acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel copolymers comprising unsubstituted or R-substituted trimethylene carbonate and poly(trimethylene ether)glycol. The copolymers find use in areas including personal care, coatings and lubricants.

Abstract: This invention relates to solventless processes for the polymerization of an unsubstituted or substituted trimethylene carbonate to an unsubstituted or substituted poly(1,3-propanediol carbonate 1,3-propanediol ether)diol, using one or more solid acid catalysts.

Abstract: A process for preparing polymers containing polyortho ester groups and optionally NCO groups by reacting A) and B) where A) is a polyortho ester containing at least one isocyanate-reactive group prepared by reacting at least one or more acyclic ortho esters with low molecular weight polyols having a functionality of 4-8 and a number-average molecular weight of 80-500 g/mol and B) is least one polyisocyanate. The polymers obtained from the process can be used to produce coatings, adhesive bonds and/or seals. The coating compositions can include one or more of the above-described polymers, optionally polyisocyanates, catalysts, and optionally auxiliaries and additives and can be used to coat substrates.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions of and processes for producing an unsubstituted or R-substituted poly(trimethylene glycol carbonate trimethylene glycol ether)diol. The processes use acidic ion exchange resins and include solvents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new ortho ester-based surfactant, where the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts are connected by ortho ester linkages to the molecule. The ortho ester has the formula where R is hydrogen or an aliphatic group with 1–7 carbon atoms; R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1–5 carbon atoms; A1 is an alkyleneoxy group with 2–4 carbon atoms, the number of ethyleneoxy groups being at least 50% of the total number of alkyleneoxy groups; n1 is a number between 1 and 30; R2 is an aliphatic group with 5–22 carbon atoms; A2 is an alkyleneoxy group with 3–4 carbon atoms; n2 is a number between 0–30, provided that when R2 is an aliphatic group with 5–6 carbon atoms n2 is at least 1; R3 is selected from the group consisting of (A1)n1R1, (A2)n2R2 and an alkyl group with 1–6 carbon atoms, where A1, n1, R1, A2, n2 and R2 have the same meaning as mentioned above; or a di- or polycondensate via any of the free hydroxy groups of the ortho ester.

Abstract: A thermoplastic polyurethane useful for elastomers, elastic fibers and artificial leathers contains a polyaddition product of a diisocyanate and a chain extender with a liquid polyethercarbonate diol which is a reaction product of a carbonate compound with a polyether diol having structural units (a) (—(CH2)6—O—) and at least one member of structural units (b) (—(CH2)2—O) and (c) (—CH2CH(CH3)—O—), and in which the units (b) are present in an average number (n) of moles of 0 to 5 per mole of the units (a), the units (c) are present in an average number (m) of moles of 0 to 5 per mole of the units (a), and the total average number (n+m) of moles of the units (b) and (c) is more than 1 but not more than 5, per mole of the units (a).

Abstract: Trimethylolpropane is isolated from a reaction mixture which has been obtained by reaction of n-butyraldehyde with formaldehyde in the presence of a base and, if appropriate, hydrogenation of the resulting mixture by distilling the mixture by means of a dividing wall column or a distillation column with a precolumn or a distillation column with an after-column. The process has low capital costs and a low energy consumption and gives reduced formation of high-boiling by-products.

Abstract: Orthocarbonates are prepared by a process, comprising: reacting trichloroacetonitrile with an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt of an alcohol of the formula: R—OH  (II) wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted, saturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical in which the carbon atom of group R, linked to the oxygen atom of the alcohol, has at least one hydrogen atom, reacting the product obtained in water with an oxidant, extracting the organic-aqueous phase of the material obtained after oxidation, and distilling the extracted material obtained and obtaining orthocarbonate product of the formula: C(OR)4  (I) wherein each R group is as defined above.

Abstract: A method for producing alcoxylated carbonyl compounds of general formula (I) (compounds I): R1aR2C(OR3)b wherein R1, R2 represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, R3 independently means C1-C6-alkyl, a is 0 or 1, b 2 or 3 with the proviso that the sum of a and b is 3, by means of anodic oxidation of germinal dialcoxy compounds of general formula (II) (compounds II) wherein R4, R5, R6, R7 represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, R5, R6 represent C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-alcoxy, in the presence of a C1-C6-alkyl alcohol (compounds III). A usual compound (compound IV) is used as a cathodic depolarizer suitable for electrochemical oxidation. The anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction is carried out in an undivided electrolyte cell in the presence of C1-C6-alkyl alcohols.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trialkoxyethane of formula (II): wherein R1 to R3, which may be the same or different, are alkyl, or any two of the alkyl groups taken together form a cyclic group, is prepared by reacting 1,1,1-trialkoxyethane with gaseous or liquid chlorine in the presence of alcohol solvent in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 20 wt %, based on the amount of 1,1,1-trialkoxyethane reactant.

Abstract: Ortho esters and ortho carbonates can be produced by alkylating esters and carbonates with, for example, the hexafluorophosphate salt of a trialkyl oxonium ion. The spiro species are useful intermediates in the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Synthetic pathways for the production of medically active compounds incorporates spiro ortho esters. Anti-first-pass effect materials are produced in high yield utilizing a synthetic strategy incorporating cyclic ortho ester intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new ortho ester-based surfactant, where the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts are connected by ortho ester linkages to the molecule.

Abstract: An acetal or a ketal are prepared by reacting a carbonyl compound and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst and water. Water and alcohol are removed from the reaction mixture in an at least two-stage pervaporation or vapor permeation process using a plurality of membranes. Additional alcohol is fed into a retentate stream of at least one of the two stages. At least one of the plurality of membranes in the two-stage pervaporation or vapor permeation process is different from the other membranes in terms of selectivity behavior in the removal of water and alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new orthoester-based block polymers having a good antifoaming effect in liquid aqueous systems. The compounds are easily biologically degradable and, compared with traditional block polymers, have a comparatively high cloud point, which makes them readily compatible with other compounds and facilitates the formulation of homogeneous compositions. The new polymers are characterized in that they contain a block of at least 4 alkyleneoxy groups having 3 and/or 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Ortho esters and ortho carbonates can be produced by alkylating esters and carbonates with, for example, the hexafluorophosphate salt of a trialkyl oxonium ion. The spiro species are useful intermediates in the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Synthetic pathways for the production of medically active compounds incorporates spiro ortho esters. Anti-first-pass effect materials are produced in high yield utilizing a synthetic strategy incorporating cyclic ortho ester intermediates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing trimethylolpropane having a low APHA color number.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing trimethylol compounds and formic acid by reaction of formaldehyde and aldehydes in the presence of a nitrogen base and distillation of the resulting reaction mixture in the presence of an auxiliary.

Abstract: Orthoesters are prepared by reacting 1,1,1-trihaloalkanes with alkali metal alkoxides in the presence of the corresponding alcohol, a slurry of the alkali metal alkoxide in the corresponding alcohol being used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to orthocarbonate pro-fragrances useful for delivery of sustained perfume or fragrance to fabric treated with a laundry detergent composition which comprises the herein described pro-fragrances. The orthocarbonate pro-fragrances are also suitable for use in hard surface cleaning compositions. The orthocarbonate pro-fragrances are further suitable for use in personal care compositions. The present invention also relates to method for delivering a pleasurable scent to fabric which has a lasting freshness quality by contacting the fabric with the fragrance-releasable orthocarbonate pro-fragrances of the present invention.

Abstract: Phosphoramidite oligonucleotide synthesis is facilitated by the use of fluoride-labile 5' silyl protecting groups. RNA synthesis is improved by the use of 2 orthoester protecting groups. Reactions are conducted on a solid phase support and acidic deprotection conditions are avoided, as is the necessity of oxidizing the phosphite linkage between each coupling reaction.

Abstract: The silicon or silica substrates described have a modified surface of a new type occupied by the alcohol fraction of an orthoester. The alcohol fraction may be saturated or unsaturated. The surface of the substrate is modified by being treated with an orthoester, the water being eliminated from the surface by hydrolysis and then replaced by the resulting alcohol or silylether. Besides many other compounds, new orthoesters having the formula R.sup.1 C?OCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--CO--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 !.sub.3, in which R.sup.1 stands for hydrogen or for a clearable organic residue, R stands for (CH.sub.2).sub.n, in which n stands for an integer between 1 and 18, and new orthoesters having the formula (I), are particularly appropriate. In the formula (I), R.sup.1 stands for hydrogen or an organic residue, R.sup.3 stands for hydrogen or an alkyl group with 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 stands for hydrogen, an alkyl group or an alkyl group or a phenyl group.

Abstract: Ortho esters of the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are different or the same alkyl moieties and can be a saturated, unsaturated, branched, unbranched or cyclic alkyl moiety of 1-3 carbon atoms, are prepared by first anhydrously reacting hydrogen cyanide or a hydrogen cyanide derivative with a secondary alkanol and hydrogen chloride in the presence of an inert organic solvent. Upon the formation of the resulting imino ether hydrochloride, more secondary alkanol is added to form the ortho esters (I). 1,1-Dialkoxycycloalkanes of the structure ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 correspond to R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 of structure (I), and n is an integer from 4 to 9, are prepared by reacting with the imino ether hydrochloride more secondary alkanol and a cycloalkanone having 5 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention pertains to perfluoropolyethers and perhalogenated chlorofluoroether polymers that can be prepared by fluorinating polymers made by the polymerization of acetals, ketals, polyacetals, polyketals and orthoesters with elemental fluorine.

Abstract: This disclosure describes novel compounds which are useful as precursors in the synthesis of 9-oxo-11.alpha.,16-dihydroxy-16-vinyl-5-cis-13-trans-prostadienoate esters which possess activity as hypotensive agents and/or as vasodilators.

Abstract: The 2-chloro-1,1,1-tri(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxyethanes are prepared from the corresponding tri(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxyethanes by chlorination with N-chlorosuccinimide or with chlorine in pyridine and a chlorohydrocarbon cosolvent.

Abstract: A novel chemical, fluorochlorocyclopropane (I) of the following formula: ##STR1## is prepared by the addition of fluorochlorocarbene to the corresponding olefin (II) of the following formula:CH.sub.2 .dbd.CR.sup.1 -R.sup.2The compound is a useful intermediate for synthesizing some chemicals, e.g., some cephalosporins.(wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, 1 to 8C alkylamino, alkoxy, or alkylthio andR.sup.2 is halogen, 1 to 8C alkylamino, alkoxy, or alkylthio).

Abstract: Energetic orthoformates of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' vary independently and R is --CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.2 H.sub.3,--CH.sub.2 C(NO.sub.2).sub.3,--CH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2,--CH.sub.2 CF.sub.2 (NO.sub.2), or--CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3,R' is--CH.sub.2 CF(NO.sub.2).sub.2,--CH.sub.2 F.sub.2 (NO.sub.2), or--CH.sub.2 CF.sub.3,and Y is --F, --N.sub.3, --C.tbd.N, ##STR2## and methods of preparation.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for preparing an orthoacetic acid alkyl ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a saturated, branched or un-branched, alkyl moiety of 1 to 8 carbon atoms by:(a) contacting acetonitrile with an anhydrous alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and dry hydrogen chloride in the presence of an organic solvent to prepare the corresponding imidoester hydrochloride;(b) thereafter contacting said imidoester hydrochloride in the acid-free state with an alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and(c) removing by-product ammonium chloride from the resultant reaction mixture and distilling the reaction mixture to recover orthoacetic acid alkyl ester, the improvement residing in(d) employing as the organic solvent an inert solvent having a dielectric constant measured at 25.degree. C. of 2.6 or less; and(e) contacting said imidoester hydrochloride in step (b) with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal alcoholate before contacting the same with said alkanol.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of substituted oxyacetaldehydes and cyclic acetals thereof according to the reaction sequence: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, taken together form a lower alkylene group; wherein R.sub.3 is alkyl, alkenyl or alkadienyl and X is halogen selected from the group consisting of chlorine and bromine, the reaction (i) being carried out (1) using a "phase transfer agent" and (2) in a two phase system.