Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for making alkoxylates of organic compounds. The process requires a) providing an active hydrogen organic compound having 1 to 22 carbon atoms and b) alkoxylating the organic compound with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a rare earth triflimide of the following formula: R1R2R3X wherein X is a lanthanide; R1, R2, and R3 each being independently a triflimide group of the following formula: N(SO2Z)2 wherein Z is CnF2n+1; C being a carbon atom; F being a fluorine atom; and n being an integer from 1 to 15.

Abstract: The process for preparing an alkylene oxide adduct, including the steps of feeding an organic compound having active hydrogen and an alkylene oxide to a reaction column packed with a solid catalyst, and carrying out addition reaction of the organic compound having active hydrogen with an alkylene oxide in a gas-liquid fixed bed reaction, wherein the alkylene oxide is in a state of gas and the organic compound having active hydrogen is in a state of liquid.

Abstract: Double-metal cyanide catalysts of the formula M1a[M2(CN)b(A)c]d. fM1gXn. h (H2O).

Abstract: The invention is a high molecular weight polyether polyol prepared by the reaction of one or more compounds having one or more active hydrogen compounds with one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of a catalyst comprising calcium having counterions of carbonate and a C6-10 alkanoate in a solvent or dispersant which does not contain active hydrogen atoms. The polyether polyol prepared preferably has an equivalent weight of from about 1000 to about 20,000, a polydispersity of 1.3 or less and a residual catalyst level of from about 0 to about 2000 parts per million (ppm). In another embodiment the invention is a process for preparing such high molecular weight polyether polyols. The process comprises first, contacting one or more compounds having one or more active hydrogen atoms with one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst comprises calcium having counterions of carbonate and a C6-10 alkanoate in a solvent, wherein the solvent does not contain active hydrogen atoms.

Abstract: An activated, substantially water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) is provided having of a linear or branched poly(ethylene glycol) backbone and at least one terminus linked to the backbone through a hydrolytically stable linkage, wherein the terminus is branched and has proximal reactive groups. The free reactive groups are capable of reacting with active moieties in a biologically active agent such as a protein or peptide thus forming conjugates between the activated poly(ethylene glycol) and the biologically active agent.

Abstract: Oxygenated organic compounds exhibiting the desired combination of advantageous properties have structures represented by the formula CH3 E (CH2O)x (CHO)y E′ where E is selected from the group consisting of CH3O— and CH3CH2O—, E′ is selected from the group consisting of —CH3 and —CH2CH3, x is a number from 0 to about 10, y is number from 0 to about 10 such that the sum (x+y) is at least 2. Economical processes are disclosed for production of a mixture of oxygenated organic compounds which are suitable components for blending into fuel having improved qualities for use in compression ignition internal combustion engines (diesel engines).

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for alkoxylating organic compounds comprising contacting an organic compound adapted to be alkoxylated with an alkylene oxide in a reaction vessel under conditions effective to alkoxylate the organic compound. The alkylene oxide is maintained in vapor form during transport to said reaction vessel, during discharge into said reaction vessel, and during contacting of the organic compound with the alkylene oxide. The result is an alkoxylated product containing less flocculant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of diesters of poly (ethylene glycol) by reacting poly (oxyalkylene glycol) and amino acid hydrochloride in the presence of a condensing agent in a suitable solvent at a temperature in the range of 0° C. to room temperature for a period ranging between 1 hour to 24 hours. The reaction mixture is then filtered and the filtrate poured into another solvent, which is a nonsolvent for the products. The products precipitated thereby are then isolated.

Abstract: The process for preparing an alkylene oxide adduct, including the steps of feeding an organic compound having active hydrogen and an alkylene oxide to a reaction column packed with a solid catalyst, and carrying out addition reaction of the organic compound having active hydrogen with an alkylene oxide in a gas-liquid fixed bed reaction, wherein the alkylene oxide is in a state of gas and the organic compound having active hydrogen is in a state of liquid.

Abstract: To provide a polyalkylene glycol-based refrigerant oil for refrigerators using ammonia as a refrigerant.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly active, substantially crystalline double metal cyanide (DMC) catalysts, a process for the preparation of these double metal cyanide catalysts, a process for producing polyether polyols by the polyaddition of alcohol ethers onto starter compounds containing active hydrogen atoms from these DMC catalysts, and to the polyether polyols produced by this process. The DMC catalysts of the invention comprise a) double metal cyanide compounds, b) organic complexing ligands, and c) functionalized polymers. These catalysts exhibit increased activity in the process for the production of polyether polyols.

Abstract: A crystalline multimetal cyanide complex of the formula (I) M1a[M2(CN)bL1c]d*e(M1fXg)*hL2′iH2O  (I) where M1 is at least one element from the group consisting of Zn(II), Fe(II), Co(III), Ni(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Sn(II).

Abstract: A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a feedstream comprising a soluble condensation promoting component capable of activating a heterogeneous acidic catalyst and a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver as an essential catalyst component; and heating the feedstream with the heterogeneous acidic catalyst in a catalytic distillation column to convert methanol and formaldehyde present to methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers and to separate the methylal from the higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a (poly)alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether with high selectivity and high yield. In this process, the (poly)alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether is produced by reacting an olefin and a (poly)alkylene glycol in the presence of a catalyst, wherein: 1) a crystalline metallosilicate is used as the catalyst, and at least a portion of the used catalyst is regenerated, and the regenerated catalyst is recycled as the catalyst for the reaction; or 2) the reaction between the olefin and the (poly)alkylene glycol is carried out in the presence of either or both of a (poly)alkylene glycol dialkyl ether and an alcohol.

Abstract: There is provided a process for preparing a poly(alkylene oxide) by using a polymerization initiator which does not cause any problem on preparing and handling in the preparation of the polyalkylene oxide by polymerizing an alkylene oxide compound and does not require a special treatment before the initiation of the polymerization. That is, it is a process of polymerizing the alkylene oxide compound in the presence of a phosphine oxide compound represented by the formula (1): wherein R is the same or different and each represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and x represents an amount of water molecules contained in terms of a molar ratio and is within a range from 0 to 5.0, or in the presence of said phosphine oxide compound and an active hydrogen compound selected from water or an organic compound having a partial structural formula —OH or —NH—.

Abstract: A process for preparing tetrahydrofuran, which comprises reacting 1,4-butenediol diethers of the formulae I and/or II RO—CH2—CH═CH—CH2—OR  I RO—CH2—CH2═CH—CH2—OR  II, where the R radicals can be identical or different and are C1-C15-alkyl or cycloalkyl radicals, C6-C12-aryl radicals or C7-C15-aralkyl radicals, with water and hydrogen at from 20 to 300° C. under from 1 to 300 bar in the presence of catalysts or catalyst combinations which comprise components which are both capable of hydrogenation and have acidic or basic centers and a novel process for preparing 1,4-butanediol diethers of the formula I by metathesis are described.

Abstract: Most generally, the invention provides a method for making a neutralized polyether polyol, comprising the steps of a) Polymerizing one or more alkylene oxides in the presence of an alkaline catalyst to form a polyalkylene oxide intermediate; and b) Neutralizing the intermediate, after the polymerization step a) is complete, with an organic acid of general formula where R1 is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R2 is methyl or ethyl; and R3 is an alkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group containing one to twelve carbon atoms. The invention also comprises the novel compositions made by the above process.

Abstract: A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising oxides of molybdenum as an essential catalyst component; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper and zinc; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of methanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver as an essential catalyst component; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: An organic compound which is basic and soluble in an organic solvent, does not have a problem in preparation or handling and exhibits catalytic activity as a basic compound, i.e., a phosphine sulfide represented by formula (1), and a manufacturing process therefor, i.e., manufacturing a phosphine sulfide represented by formula (1), by reacting one molecule of thiophosphoryl chloride with three molecules of a phosphorane represented by formula (2). The phosphine sulfide can be used in a process for effectively manufacturing a poly(alkylene oxide) by polymerizing an alkylene oxide in the presence of the phosphine sulfide or of the phosphine sulfide and an active hydrogen compound selected from water and organic compounds having a partial structure of --OH or --NH--; and 2) a process for manufacturing a 1,2-dioxyethane derivative from an epoxy compound, i.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for making glycol ethers by reacting an olefin oxide with an alcohol over a catalyst comprising a layered double hydroxide (LDH) clay with its layered structure intact and having interlamellar anions at least some of which are metal anions or (poly)oxometallate anions. In the LDH clays, the interlamellar anions present are inorganic metal anions, oxometallate or polyoxometallate anions and include inter alia one or more of the following anions: chromium, vanadium, molybdenum and phosphorus, and (poly)oxoanions thereof. A copper-chromium hydrotalcite anionic clay or a magnesium-aluminium hydrotalcite anionic clay exchanged with (poly)oxometallate anions are preferred.

Abstract: A process for producing an ether compound represented by the general formula (II) or (III): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent each an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group and n represents an integer of 1 to 50, which comprises bringing an acetal compound represented by the general formula (I): ##STR2## into reaction with hydrogen in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising (A) nickel in an amount corresponding to 10 to 70% by weight of metallic nickel, and (B) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of oxides of silicon, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and zirconium; and synthetic or natural inorganic oxides containing one or more of these oxides as the constituents thereof. A vinyl ether polymer having a terminal ether group can be obtained with a good yield without causing corrosion of the apparatus used for the reaction.

Abstract: Lignin and polyether glycol produces a product which has a distinct melt point and melt viscosity. Polyether glycol has a plasticizing effect wherein the lignin can be thought of as the hard resin. When 20 parts of polyether glycol are processed with 80 parts of lignin a new material which has a melt point and a viscosity is created whereas lignin itself has no melt and flow characteristics. The new modified lignin can be cured with hexamine like a phenolic resin.

Abstract: To provide a novel ether compound which is useful such as an oil agent and a surfactant having the formula (I): R.sup.1 --O--(AO).sub.n --R.sup.2, wherein R.sup.1 is an alpha-branched alkyl group or an alkyl group having two or more branched chains or a cycloalkyl having 5 to 7 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl or alkenyl each being either branched or straight, each having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, A is an alkylene having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, n is a number from 0 to 30, A's being same as or different from one another.

Abstract: A particularly useful process which includes the steps of providing a source of formaldehyde formed by conversion of dimethyl ether in the presence of a catalyst comprising silver as an essential catalyst component; and contacting the source of formaldehyde and a predominately dimethyl ether feedstream with a heterogeneous, condensation promoting catalyst capable of hydrating dimethyl ether under conditions of reaction sufficient to form an effluent comprising water, methanol, formaldehyde, dimethyl ether, and polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers is disclosed. Unreacted dimethyl ether is recovered from the effluent and recycled to the formation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. The resulting dimethyl ether-free liquid mixture is heated in the presence of an acidic catalyst to convert at least the methanol and formaldehyde present to polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers. Advantageously, methylal and higher polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers are formed and separated in a catalytic distillation column.

Abstract: A detergent base which is obtainable from the reaction of an ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid or carboxylic acid or anhydride thereof with a nonionic surfactant of the formulaR.sub.1 --O-(alkylene-O).sub.n.sbsb.1 --R.sub.2 (1)in whichR.sub.1 is C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 alkyl or C.sub.8 -C.sub.18 alkenyl;R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical having at least 6 C atoms or benzyl; andn.sub.1 is a number from 1 to 60;and if appropriate with sugar derivatives.The detergent base has a good calcium-dispersing power, is very stable to electrolytes and heat and has an excellent washing action and anti-redeposition properties. It is therefore suitable for the preparation of powder and liquid detergents.

Abstract: Methyl-end-capped alkyl and/or alkenyl polyglycol ethers; a process for their production by methylation of products of the addition of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide to primary alcohols; to formulations containing these substances; and to the use of the substances for the production of surface-active formulations.

Abstract: Substantially transition metal-free polyoxyalkylene polyethers may be prepared by double metal cyanide complex-catalyzed oxyalkylation of a suitable hydric oxyalkylation initiator molecule by employing 15 ppm or less of a double metal cyanide complex oxyalkylation catalyst having a propylene oxide polymerization rate greater than 5 g propylene oxide/minute. The induction periods associated with oxyalkylation employing double metal cyanide complex catalysts may be reduced by preparing preactivated master batches and by increasing the oxyalkylation reactor temperature during at least the induction period.

Abstract: Process for reducing the level of unsaturation in a polyether polyol having an oxypropylene content of at least 30% by weight calculated on the total amount of oxyalkylene units in the polyol and having a number average equivalent weight of at least 1000 by subjecting the polyol to ultrafiltration.

Abstract: A hydrophilic polyol having a molecular weight of less than about 4500 and comprising ethylene oxide units and alkylene oxide units selected from propylene oxide, butylene oxide and mixtures thereof in a weight ratio of ethylene oxide units to alkylene oxide units in the range of from about 95:5 to about 60:40, the polyol having a secondary hydroxyl content of at least about 80% based on the total hydroxyl content of the polyol. A process for producing the hydrophilic polyol is also described.

Abstract: Cyclic ethers are polymerized or copolymerized in homogeneous liquid phase using very low concentrations of heteropolyacid catalyst to produce essentially linear polyoxyalkylene polymers. The product of the polymerization contains less than 2 weight percent cyclic oligomer by-product and has a molecular weight distribution (M.sub.w /M.sub.n) between 1 and 2. Alcohols, acyl-containing compounds and alkalies can be used as end-caping groups to terminate polymerization or modify the properties of the polymer produced. The process produces novel polyoxyalkylene copolymers and block copolymers that are useful as lubricants. The copolymers have a high viscosity index and are compatible with mineral oil and synthetic hydrocarbon lubricants. Preferred comonomers are tetrahydrofuran, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 monoepoxides and oxetan.

Abstract: Polyethers of polyhydric compounds are prepared by the liquid phase reaction of polyhydric compound and the reaction being carried out with separate liquid phases comprised of a polar polyhydric compound phase and an organic polyether containing phase.

Abstract: The present invention deals with the composition of matter and the utilization of certain novel polyoxyalkylene glycol esters which are prepared by the reaction of a guerbet acid and a polyoxylalkylene glycol as emulsifiers.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of dendrimeric-type branched macromolecules, comprising polyoxaalkylene chains, as catalysts or coadjuvants of phase transfer catalysis reactions.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation of polyoxyalkylene polyethers using DMC catalysts as the polyoxyalkylation catalyst employs continuous addition of alkylene oxide in conjunction with continuous addition of starter and catalyst to a continuous oxyalkylation reactor. Despite the continuous introduction of starter, the molecular weight distribution of the polyether product is quite narrow, as indicated by the exceptionally low polydispersity of the product. The presence of low molecular weight species during the majority of the polyoxyalkylation also substantially eliminates extremely high molecular weight fractions having molecular weights greater than 100,000 Da, again without appreciably broadening molecular weight distribution. By withdrawing intermediate molecular weight polyether product or diverting a portion of the end product to prepare a catalyst/starter mixture, rapid and sustained reaction rates can be achieved while employing low molecular weight starters.

Abstract: A wetting agent composition for pretreating textiles containing mixed ethers corresponding to formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a strictly linear alkyl radical containing from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, m is a number from 0.5 to 2 and n is a number from 6 to 9.

Abstract: A process for polymerizing oxepanes, dioxolanes, trioxanes, and tetrahydrofurans to their respective polymers by contacting them with a selected metal compound and an accelerator which is a selected vinyl ester or a selected phosphorous compound.

Abstract: Polyurethane, polyisocyanurate and polyurea polymers, particularly foamed polymers can be prepared from formulations including non-silicone polyether surfactants. The non-silicone polyether surfactants can be polyethers having from about 10 to about 90 weight percent oxyethylene units and from about 10 to about 90 weight percent oxyalkylene units having at least 4 carbons. The non-silicone polyether surfactants can be used to prepare foams having properties substantially similar to foams prepared with conventional silicone based surfactants.

Abstract: A method of production of an ether compound from an acetal compound or a ketal compound which is excellent in conversion and selectivity and does not cause corrosion of apparatuses and a novel useful polyvinyl ether compound as lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators, electric insulation oil and the like are disclosed. The method of production of the present invention comprises reaction of an acetal compound or a ketal compound with hydrogen in the presence of a solid catalyst having acidic property and hydrogenation ability to produce the corresponding ether compound. The polyvinyl ether compound of the present invention comprises the constituting unit expressed by the general formula: ##STR1## (characters in the general formula are the same as those described in the specification), contains none of unsaturated bond, acetal structure and aldehyde structure in the molecule and has weight average molecular weight in the range of 300 to 3000.

Abstract: A method of production of an ether compound from an acetal compound or a ketal compound which is excellent in conversion and selectivity and does not cause corrosion of apparatuses and a novel useful polyvinyl ether compound as lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators, electric insulation oil and the like are disclosed. The method of production of the present invention comprises reaction of an acetal compound or a ketal compound with hydrogen in the presence of a solid catalyst having acidic property and hydrogenation ability to produce the corresponding ether compound.

Abstract: This invention discloses an oil soluble polyether composition, comprising: ##STR1## wherein R is either a C.sub.14-20 alkyl or C.sub.9-12 alkylphenyl; A is ##STR2## where x is from 7 to 13; i, j, k, and l are each independently from 0 to 35 and the sum (i+j+k+l) is from 8 to 35;o, p, and q are each independently 0 to 1 and the sum (o+p+q) is from 0 to 3; and,the average mole ratio of the glycidyl ether monomeric unit A to the initiator unit RO is from 0.4:1 to 1.5:1.This invention also discloses an anionic polymerization process for producing an oil soluble polyether composition, comprising reacting a mixture of propylene oxide and a C.sub.8-14 alkyl glycidyl ether with an initiator obtained from the group consisting of a C.sub.14-20 alkanol and a C.sub.9-12 alkylphenol under the influence of an alkaline metal alkoxide catalyst.

Abstract: Novel compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or a halogen atom; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 respectively stand for a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, provided that either R.sup.2 or R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, the other being an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may, taken together with the adjacent --C=C-- group, form a 5- to 7-membered ring; X stands for an oxygen atom or S(O).sub.p (p stands for an integer from 0 to 2; Y stands for a group of the formula: ##STR2## (R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 respectively stand for a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group) or a divalent group derived from an optionally substituted 3- to 7-membered homocyclic or heterocyclic ring; R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 each stands for a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted lower lakyl group, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group, or R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to complex hydrophobe compounds and to alkoxylation products, i.e., condensation reaction products of alkylene oxides and complex hydrophobe compounds having at least one active hydrogen. This invention also relates to alkoxylation products that have beneficial, narrow molecular weight ranges.

Abstract: When selected silicon compounds are added to cationic polymerizations of cyclic ethers such as oxiranes and tetrahydrofurans, the rate of polymerization is often increased, and novel polyethers are produced. The polyether products are useful as monomers and macromonomers, particularly after hydrolysis of silicon containing end groups.

Abstract: Glycerine di-t-butyl ether is prepared by the liquid phase reaction of glycerine and the reaction being carried out with separate liquid phases comprised of isobutylene and glycerine.

Abstract: There are disclosed low foaming, nonsilicone aqueous textile auxiliary compositions comprising(a) a reaction product of a nonionic surfactant of formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic radical of at least 8 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, a cycloaliphatic radical of at least 5 carbon atoms, lower alkylphenyl or styryl,"alkylene" denotes an alkylene radical of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and p is an integer from 2 to 60,with a compound which contains an acid water-solubilising group,(b) a nonionic surfactant of formula (1), and, optionally,(c) a hydrotropic agent.These textile auxiliary compositions are suitable for use as dispersants and for wetting and/or washing fibre materials.

Abstract: Esterified alkoxylated mono- and diglycerides suitable for use as reduced calorie fat substitutes in food products may be produced by alkoxylating a tertiary alkyl partial ether of glycerin with an epoxide and then reacting the alkoxylated glycerin tertiary alkyl partial ether thereby obtained with a fatty acid under acid-catalyzed conditions. Separate deprotection and esterification steps are not required, resulting in a considerably streamlined process as compared to alternative methods of synthesizing alkoxylated fat substitutes having one or two fatty acid acyl groups attached directly to glycerin.

Abstract: This invention is directed to allyl polyalkylene ethers and to a solid matrix having incorporated therein the allyl polyalkylene ethers. The solid matrix is used in an electrolytic cell.