Abstract: Lubricant compositions having good dilution viscosity characteristics and high viscosity/pressure coefficients can be produced using a connected branch copolymer having a core segment, non-crosslinked branched polymer segments connected to the core segment and a group of linear polymer segments connected to the branched polymer segments and bearing terminal groups capable of effecting hydrogen bonding. These connected branch copolymers are used in aqueous lubricant compositions, which may include a co-solvent such as ethylene or diethylene glycol.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a modified polyhydroxy compound, which is characterized in that a polyhydroxy compound is heated for 30 minutes or more at a temperature ranging from 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. under stirring and in the presence of tin, tin compounds such as tin halogenide, tin hydroxide and tin oxide. The polyhydroxy compound modified by this method is effective in improving the foamability and mechanical strength of urethane foam, when it is used as a raw material in the manufacture of urethane foam.

Abstract: Mixture of compounds of general formula: ##STR1## in which R denotes a saturated C.sub.10 -C.sub.12 hydrocarbon radical, or mixture of such radicals, and n has a mean statistical value from 2 to 15, and preferably from 3 to 12.These products are very well tolerated by the skin and the mucosa, and are advantageously used in cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Relates to deodorizing a polyoxypropylene group terminated polyoxyalkylene polyether polyol composition by removing allyloxypropan-2-ol in sufficient amount to reduce the content to less than 200 ppm.

Abstract: Novel substituted cis-1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene compounds, useful as intermediates in the production of phenols and catechols for use as intermediates in the production of drugs, herbicides, insecticides and as chiral synthons, in particular cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-cyclohexa-3,5-diene. A process for producing the novel compounds is also claimed.

Abstract: Active-hydrogen compounds, for example, primary and secondary alcohols or diols, are alkoxylated, for example, ethoxylated, using solid anion-bound metal oxide catalysts, such as, zirconium oxysulfate catalyst. Hydrous zicronium oxide is treated with solutions of sulfate phosphate, nitrate or tetrafluoroborate and calcined in air at 300.degree. to 950.degree. C. to produce highly active heterogeneous alkoxylation catalysts. The amorphous catalysts afford narrow molecular weight products. The catalyst can be removed from the product by filtration and reused with no significant loss in activity. Reaction temperatures of 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. are employed for alkoxylation.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2 --Q--(Cy).sub.m --O--(CO).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereR.sup.1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 denotes H, alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--,Cy denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneQ denotes --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m denotes 1 or 2, andn denotes 0 or 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: This invention is directed to adducts of a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound and a polyepoxide comprising the reaction product of a poly(active hydrogen) organic compound and a polyepoxide containing two or more epoxy groups per molecule, said poly(active hydrogen) organic compound being employed in an amount at least sufficient to effect substantially complete reaction of the epoxy groups of the polyepoxide. The adducts are useful in the formulation of high solids coating compositions, polyurethane elastomers, inks, sealants, adhesives and the like.

Abstract: This invention relates to polyether polyols having an average hydroxyl value in the range of 100 to 250 mgKOH/g, which are alkoxylated derivatives of a polyhydric alcohol being a mixture of compounds according to formula (I) or/and (II) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, CH.sub.3 or OCH.sub.3,R.sup.2 is H, CH.sub.2 OH or CH.sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.3, andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4 areH, CH.sub.2 OH or CH.sub.2 OCH.sub.3.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-ionic surface-active agents which correspond to the formula ##STR1## in which R denotes a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic radical containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 denotes (1) a, preferably linear, alkyl radical, (2) a linear or branched alkoxymethyl radical or (3) an alkenyloxymethyl radical, the alkyl or alkenyl parts of these radicals containing from 4 to 20 carbon atoms,and Z denotes a polyether linkage corresponding to the formula ##STR2## in which n denotes an average statistical value of 2 to 20 and A denotes (a) the group OH,(b) the group ##STR3## in which u denotes 0 or 1, or (c) the group ##STR4## in which u dentoes 0 or 1, the radicals R and R.sub.1 containing a total of 12 to 38 carbon atoms, as well as to the derivatives of the above compounds which result from the reaction of ethylene oxide or glycidol with the OH groups.

Abstract: Novel ethylene oxide adducts are provided. They have properties suited for their use as base components of cosmetics and ointments. Thus, cosmetics and ointments containing those ethylene oxide adducts are also provided. There is further provided a method of producing such ethylene oxide adducts in high yields.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of low molecular weight polyalcohols by the catalytic hydrogenation of a mixture of different low molecular weight hydroxy aldehydes, hydroxy ketones and optionally also polyhydric alcohols such as is formed from the autocondensation of formaldehyde (such a mixture will hereinafter be referred to as "formose"). The invention also relates to the use of these polyalcohols for the production of polyurethane resins.

Abstract: A process for production of improved polyethylene glycol (PEG) is disclosed. This process overcomes the toxicity that results from using the known (and impure) PEG-fusion reagent by incorporation of a purification method that removes the toxic elements always present in PEG preparations stored above 0.degree. C. in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention describes the production of high molecular weight polyhydric alcohols and their derivatives. In particular the urethane reaction products of polyisocyanates and polyhydric alcohols are described.

Abstract: The present invention describes the production of high molecular weight polyhydric alcohols and their derivatives. In particular the urethane reaction products of polyisocyantes and polyhydric alcohols are described.

Abstract: Novel polyols, useful in, for example, reaction injection molding, high resiliency foams and the preparation of polymer/polyols, characterized by the following formula: ##STR1## wherein A and A', which may be the same or different, are conductive atoms - carbon, oxygen or combinations thereof with hydrogen atoms or the like satisfying the valences; B is nitrogen (N) or CR, R being hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or the like; Q is 0, CH.sub.2 O, C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O, C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O, or C.sub.4 H.sub.8 O; D is an oxyalkylene or ##STR2## X and X', which may be the same or different, are OH, NH.sub.2 or H; Z is OH; n and d are integers of 0 to 10 and the sum of n and d does not exceed 10; s is 0 or 1, and m is an integer of at least about 16, with the proviso that when B is N and either n or d is zero, X and X' are other than H, provide processing advantages and are highly compatible with low molecular weight extenders such as ethylene glycol.

Abstract: A process is presented for extracting polar organic compounds, in particular lower aliphatic alcohols, out of their aqueous solutions, which is based on the use of fluids which contain a significant amount of polyoxaalkanols, polyoxaalkanediols and/or polyoxaalkanepolyols. These compounds, by virtue of their high molar masses, their low solubility in water and their good affinity for polar organic compounds, are particularly suitable for use as extractants.

Abstract: Triglycerine monoalkyl ethers of the general formula (I), which are novel polyol ether compounds, ##STR1## in which R represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched fatty hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms.The ethers (I) of the present invention are prepared from firstly subjecting 1,3-bis-o-(2,3-o-isopropylideneglyceryl)glycerine (II) and an etherifying agent (IV) to Williamson's ether synthesis reaction, and the resulting 1,3-bis-o-(2,3-o-isopropylideneglyceryl)-2-o-alkylglycerine (III) is subsequently subjected to hydrolysis.The ethers according to the invention are chemically stable because no linkages susceptible to decomposition, e.g. ester bond, are contained in the molecular structure of the ethers. Moreover, the ethers give a reduced degree of stimulus to the skin and have the surface activity, so that they are useful as an emulsifier, oil (emolient), humectant, thickener and particularly as a component of cosmetics.

Abstract: Novel modified polyether polyols made by first optionally alkoxylating, subsequent reaction with epoxy resins and final alkoxylation of mixtures of initiators is described. The initiator mixture is made up of about 60 to 90 wt. % of a partially alkoxylated trifunctional initiator and 10 to 40 wt. % of a secondary partially alkoxylated initiator having an active hydrogen functionality of from 4 to 8. Preferably, the alkylene oxide component is a blend of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, and the resulting modified polyol molecules have 0.25 to 2.5 wt. % internally located epoxy resin. Flexible polyurethane foams made from these polyether polyols have improved load bearing properties as compared with those made from prior art polyols.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel 2,3-dialkoxypropyl glyceryl ether and the preparation process for it. The above diglycerin dialkyl ether is readily prepared with high yield and purity by reacting its corresponding glycidyl ether with a protected glycerin to form a 1,3-dioxolan compound, followed by etherifying the thus formed 1,3-dioxolan compound into a dialkyl ether dioxolan compound, and then hydrolyzing the resultant dialkyl ether dioxolan compound. This diglycerin dialkyl ether is useful as an emulsifier, cleaner etc., and is preferably used as a component of cosmetic compositions. A cosmetic composition comprising the above 2,3-dialkoxypropyl glyceryl ether is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for removing alkali material from a polyether polyol. From 1-20 wt. % water and 0-30 wt. % inert organic solvent are added to an alkaline polyether polyol. The resultant emulsion is maintained at a temperature of at least 70.degree. C. for a period of at least 30 minutes with little or no stirring to effect separation of the emulsion into an organic and an aqueous phase. The aqueous phase is then separated from the organic phase and the organic phase is treated by known methods to remove residual alkali material.

Abstract: Some 4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-alkoxy)propoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolanes are prepared by reacting alkylglycidyl ethers with acetal or ketal derivatives of glycerol in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst. Also disclosed is a process for preparing certain 2-hydroxy-3-alkoxy-propylglyceryl ethers, which process comprises subjecting the 4-(2'-hydroxy-3'-alkoxy)propoxymethyl-1,3-dioxolanes to hydrolysis. The above processes can afford intended reaction products with good yield without need for any special post-reaction treatment.

Abstract: The process for preparing nonionic surfactants wherein a narrower molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a barium catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and a difunctional polypropylene oxide polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 5000 with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a barium salt selected from the group consisting of barium hydroxide, barium alkoxides, barium phenoxides, hydrates thereof or mixtures thereof and a catalytic amount of an oxyalkylation catalyst promoter.

Abstract: The process for preparing nonionic surfactants wherein a narrower molecular weight distribution is obtained by the use of a calcium and/or strontium catalyst which comprises reacting a reactive hydrogen compound selected from the group consisting of monohydric alcohols having from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms and a difunctional polypropylene oxide polymer having an average molecular weight in the range of 1000 to 5000 with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms at a temperature at which the reaction proceeds in the presence of at least a catalytic amount of a basic salt of calcium and/or strontium selected from the group consisting of hydroxide, alkoxide and phenoxides and a catalytic amount of an oxyalkylation catalyst promoter.

Abstract: The proposed method resides in that alkylene oxide is subjected to interaon with a polyhydric alcohol in a multisectional reaction zone. A monomer and a polyhydric alcohol are introduced into the first section of the reaction zone, the polyhydric alcohol containing a catalyst in the form of a solution of an alkali metal alcoholate with an alkaline content of 1-20 wt. % as calculated for KOH and with a water content in the solution from 0.05 to 0.5 wt. %. The reaction is conducted in such a way that the initial components interact in the first section at a molar ratio of 1-5:1.The proposed method makes it possible to produce polyethers that are uniform with respect to the chemical composition (molecular-weight distribution and distribution according to the types of the functionality) and with minimum impurity content.

Abstract: A process of quenching metal using as the quenching medium an aqueous solution containing from about 0.5% to 50% by weight of a liquid, water-soluble, capped polyether polyol obtained by reacting ethylene oxide and at least one lower alkylene oxide having 3 to 4 carbon atoms, e.g. propylene oxide, with an active hydrogen compound, such as a lower glycol, to prepare a heteric or block copolymer, and further reacting the copolymer with an alpha olefin oxide, the polyol having a molecular weight of from about 7000 to 15,000.

Abstract: Polyetherpolyols containing residues of catalysts of the double metal cyanide complex class are treated with a strong base and ion exchanged or neutralized and filtered to provide a stable polyol with reduced tendency to form allophanates with diisocyanates. Further, the addition of ethylene oxide to the polyol while in contact with the strong base serves to end cap the polyol to provide it with primary hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: The modification of polyether polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols of 2000 to 7000 molecular weight produce flexible polyurethane foams that have higher load bearing properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The ability of a modified polyol to make a higher load bearing foam is related to the position in the polyol chain the epoxy resin is added.

Abstract: Strontium and barium-based catalyzed alkoxylation of alcohols of all classes is carried out more rapidly and produces a more peaked reaction product when carried out in the presence of co-catalysts such as calcium oxide, calcium carbide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium metal, magnesium hydroxides, zinc oxide, and aluminum metal.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing nonionic glycidol-derived surfactants. Specifically C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 n-alkyl glyceryl ether alcohols containing from 1 to about 10 glyceryl units, are prepared by reacting crude glycidol and a C.sub.10 -C.sub.20 n-alkyl alcohol in the presence of a non-polar, non-reactive miscible solvent.

Abstract: Propylene glycol and dipropylene glycol diesters are prepared by reacting dichloropropyl ethers with a carboxylic acid salt, e.g., sodium acetate, and the corresponding carboxlyic acid, e.g., acetic acid. The by-product sodium chloride is insoluble in the acetic acid and easily separated from the reaction mixture. The diesters can be hydrolyzed to their respective glycols.

Abstract: A material formed by the reaction of (1) a poly-2-hydroxyalkyl derivative of a polyol having at least five hydroxyl groups, with at least three, and preferably nearly all, of said hydroxyl groups being substituted with one or more 2-hydroxyalkyl groups and (2) a polyglycidyl ether of a polyol, preferably a di- or triglycidyl ether of a polyoxyalkylene diol or triol. These materials have surfactant and defoaming abilities, and are useful in hard surface cleaning, textile and paper applications, and as defoaming agents. The compounds are especially useful as defoaming agent for glycol based antifreeze mixtures, and such antifreeze mixtures are also provided.

Abstract: The invention describes an improved process for preparing polyols by reacting a mono-epoxy compound such as propylene oxide with a hydroxyl-containing initiator compound such as glycerine in the presence of a catalyst, the improvement being that the catalyst is added in the form of a calcium, strontium or barium salt of an organic acid such as acetic acid.Polyols prepared by this process can be employed to prepare polyurethanes without removing the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for producing glycols by the catalytic oxidation of olefinic compounds which comprises contacting an olefinic compound with an organic selenoxide in an aqueous alkaline medium in the presence of a catalytic amount of octavalent osmium to form the corresponding glycol.

Abstract: Linear polypropylene ether glycols of high molecular weight are made by reacting a linear polypropylene ether glycol of lower molecular weight first with an alkaline agent such as sodium hydroxide or other suitable base to form an alcoholate, and then coupling the alcoholate with a suitable difunctional coupling agent, such as the benzene-sulfonic acid diester of ethylene glycol or with some other suitable arylsulfonic acid diester of a C.sub.2 to C.sub.6 alcohol, thereby obtaining a 100 percent linear polypropylene ether glycol of a desirably higher molecular weight. Materials so produced find use in an aqueous medium as defoaming agents, thickeners, or emulsifiers, and use as protective colloids to improve the low-temperature stability of polyurethane and other latices.

Abstract: There are disclosed lubricated synthetic yarn and processes therefore wherein heteric copolymers of tetrahydrofuran and at least one C.sub.3 to C.sub.4 alkylene oxide initiated with a polyhydric alcohol are utilized as lubricants. The copolymers have a molecular weight of about 500 to about 10,000 and are initiated with polyhydric alcohols having a total of not more than 20 carbon atoms which are free of elements other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Said initiators have 2 to about 6 reactive hydrogen atoms. The heteric copolymers of the invention capped with at least one lower alkylene oxide residue are also useful as fiber lubricants.

Abstract: There are disclosed block copolymer lubricants for synthetic textile fibers which are compounds derived from tetramethylene oxide (tetrahydrofuran) and ethylene oxide of the formula:Y--(CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--)--(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O)--H].sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IA.multidot.m B (I)whereinA is a compound of the formula II or III ##STR1## m is a rational number between 0.1 and 4.0, and B is H.sub.2 O.sub.2, N.sub.2 H.sub.4 or NH.sub.2 OH, andR.sub.1 is an unsubstituted or substituted aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical which has 3-30 C atoms and which can be interrupted by oxygen or sulfur atoms,R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 alkyl,X is --O-- or --SO.sub.2 -- and, in the case where B is N.sub.2 H.sub.4 or NH.sub.2 OH, also --S-- or --SO--,Y is the direct bond, ##STR2## Q is --CH.sub.2, --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 -- or --CH(CH.sub.2 --OH)--, and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.

Abstract: Covers a method of preparing polyether polyols useful in making a polyisocyanurate polymer by oxyalkylating an alcohol by the catalytic addition of an alkylene oxide to said alcohol in presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of carbamate salts, aminophenols, hexahydro-s-triazines and tetrahydrooxadiazines.