Abstract: Disclosed are processes for the preparation of new bridged cyclopentadienylmagnesium compounds of the general formula Q(CpR.sub.a)(Cp'R'.sub.a ')Mg, and the use thereof for preparing bridged metallocenes.

Abstract: Disclosed are new bridged cyclopentadienylmagnesium compounds of the general formula Q(CpR.sub.a) (Cp'R'.sub.a')Mg, processes for the preparation thereof, and the use thereof for preparing bridged metallocenes.

Abstract: Secondary alcohols are converted to symmetrical secondary alkyl ethers in high selectivity. The method employs acidic solid metallosilicate catalyst particles to accomplish the etherification by selective intermolecular dehydration of secondary alcohol to form di-secondary alkyl ethers. Preferably, the catalysts are solid shape selective aluminosilicate particles, especially zeolite such as ZSM-5, zeolite HY and zeolite Beta. Continuous separation of by-product olefin and ether during the etherification reaction improves selectivity.

Abstract: Preparation of diethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl radical, by formation of an unsaturated aldehyde of the formula ##STR2## wherein R is as defined above, by means of an aldol condensation reaction, reduction of said aldehyde to form the corresponding saturated compound, transformation of the saturated compound into the corresponding diol, and consequent methylation of the diol into diether.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of adducts by reacting an alcohol with an epoxy compound in the presence of a catalyst, which comprises reacting an alcohol of formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical and r is a number from 1 to 10, with a mono- or diepoxide in the equivalent ratio of 1:20 to 20:1, based on the hydroxyl and epoxy groups, in the presence of a metal complex of formula II as catalyst[M.sup.n+ (L.sub.1).sub.x (L.sub.2).sub.y (L.sub.3.sup.m-).sub.z ][X.sup.k- ].sub.(n-zm)/k (II),whereinM is a metal of the main groups or subgroups of the Periodic Table of the Elements,L.sub.1 and L.sub.2 are weakly bonded, neutral, unidentale or multidentate ligands,L.sub.3 is a strongly bonded, non-replaceable neutral or anionic unidentale or multidentate ligand,X is an anion of the following formulae BF.sub.4.sup.-, PF.sub.6.sup.-, AsF.sub.6.sup.-, SbF.sub.6.sup.-, ClO.sub.4.sup.-, IO.sub.4.sup.-, NO.sub.3.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel ethers and their use as aroma precursors. The ethers are derived from ionol and related compounds. These aroma precursors do not have a substantial aroma as such under ambient conditions, but will break up into a complex mixture having useful organoleptic properties under heating. The ethers are especially suitable for use in products which are heated, burned or smouldered in some stage of their use. The compounds according to the invention are especially suitable for application to tobacco. Mixtures obtained by degrading (e.g. by heating) the ethers according to the invention may be used in a flavouring or perfuming mixture as well due to their organoleptic properties.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel class of vitamin D-related compounds, namely the 1.alpha.-hydroxy-19-nor-vitamin D analogs, as well as a general method for their chemical synthesis. The compounds exhibit pronounced activity in arresting the proliferation of undifferentiated cells, including malignant cells, and in inducing their differentiation, and thus represent novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignant and other diseases characterized by the proliferative growth of undifferentiated cells. Formulations for therapeutic use and treatment methods are also provided.

Abstract: A process for preparing ethers which comprises contacting a carboxylated ether with a metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to produce the ether.

Abstract: An .alpha.-(alkylcyclohexyloxy)-.beta.-alkanol of formula (1) ##STR1## wherein at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 is the group ##STR2## wherein R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are coupled with each other to form a cycloalkyl group, and R.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbons or is a hydrogen atom when R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 form the cycloalkyl group, and the remaining R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 groups are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and wherein R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen atoms or the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (I). ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent independently a straight-chain alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; X represents a direct bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ##STR2## n represents an integer of from 1 to 5; and ##STR3## represents a cyclohexane ring in trans configuration. A nematic liquid crystal mixture containing a compound of formula (I) is also disclosed.

Abstract: Vinyl ethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical to or different from one another, each being hydrogen, straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl of up to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or cycloalkylene of from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenylaryl, aralkyl and aralkenyl of from 6 to 16 carbon atoms, halogen-substituted aryl or heterocyclyl, and in addition the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 and R.sup.3, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, can form a cycloalkane, cycloalkene or a heterocycle, and R.sup.4 is alkyl, alkylaryl or aralkyl, are prepared by eliminating an alcohol from an acetal/ketal of the formula ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxylation of an active hydrogen-containing compound comprising contacting the active hydrogen-containing compound with an alkylene carbonate in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to alkoxylate the active hydrogen-containing compound.

Abstract: A fluorine-substituted compound containing an ether bond and an intermediate thereof are described, which are represented by: ##STR1## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 2 to 7; m represents 1 or 2, X represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom and ##STR2## represents a trans-(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexane ring. A compound represented by formula (II): ##STR3## wherein R represents a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 2 to 7; m represents 1 or 2, ##STR4## represents a trans-(equatorial-equatorial)cyclohexane ring.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 denotes a group R.sup.3 or R.sup.3 --A.sup.4 --Z.sup.3 -- and R.sup.2 denotes a group R.sup.4 or --Z.sup.4 --A.sup.5 --R.sup.4 ; m and n each individually stand for the number 0 or 1; A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4 and A.sup.5 each independently represent unsubstituted or halogen-, cyano- and/or methyl-substituted 1,4-phenylene in which optionally 1 CH group or 2 CH groups is/are replaced by nitrogen, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which optionally 2 non-adjacent methylene groups are replaced by oxygen and/or sulphur, 1-cyano-trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, tetralin-2,6-diyl or trans-decalin-2,6-diyl; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, Z.sup.3 and Z.sup.4 each independently signify a single covalent bond, --COO--, --OOC--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2, --C.tbd.C--, --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 O--, --O(CH.sub.2).sub.3 -- or the trans form of --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--; R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z represents a single covalent bond or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, R.sup.1 denotes 1E-alkenyl with 2-10 carbon atoms or 3E-alkenyl with 4-10 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 is alkyl with 1-10 carbon atoms, 2E-alkenyl with 3-10 carbon atoms or 3-alkenyl with 4-10 carbon atoms,as well as their use in liquid crystalline mixtures and for electro-optical purposes.

Abstract: A tricyclic cyclohexenyl cyclohexane derivative is disclosed. This compound is capable of lowering the .DELTA.n value of mixed liquid crystals, which have been obtained by adding said compound to nematic liquid crystals widely used as matrix liquid crystals, and elevating the N-I point thereof. Thus it is highly useful in the production of liquid crystal display cells.

Abstract: Novel perfluoropolyethers, such as perfluorodipentaerythritol hexaethyl ether, and their intermediates exhibit excellent chemical and thermal stability and are useful as vapor phase soldering fluids and convection cooling liquids.

Abstract: Carbocyclic compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Q is a benzene or cyclohexane ring or a naphthalene system, X is in each case --CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.p -- where it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by --O--, --S--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,p is 0, 1 or 2,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 independently of one another are each a 1,4-phenylene group which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups and in which it would also be possible for one or more CH groups to be replaced by N atoms, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group wherein it would also be possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, a piperidine-1,4-diyl group or a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene group,Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--, --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CHCN--CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 --CHCN--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH--, --NO.

Abstract: Compounds are provided which comprise a fluorocarbon terminal portion and a chiral hydrocarbon terminal portion, said terminal portions being connected by a central core, said compounds having tilted smectic mesophases or having latent tilted smectic mesophases which develop when said compounds having said latent mesophases are in admixture with said compounds having tilted smectic mesophases or said compounds having latent tilted smectic mesophases.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline compound and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound usable for liquid crystal display devices are provided, which liquid crystalline compound is expressed by the formulaR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --B.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --B.sup.2 --A.sup.3.sub.n (CH.sub.2).sub.m CH.dbd.CF.sub.2wherein R.sup.1 is H or 1-20C alkyl or alkenyl wherein one --CH.sub.2 --group or two --CH.sub.2 -- groups not adjacent to each other may be substituted by --O--; the position and number of the double bond may be optionally chosen; A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 each are ##STR1## and the H of the ##STR2## may be substituted by F, Cl or methyl; B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 each are --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond; n is 0 or 1; and m is 0-20.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula I ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O, --CO--O-- or --OCO--,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently of one another are trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted 1,4-phenylene, and one of the groups A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 can also be a single bond,X is --CN, halogen, OH, --COOR.sup.1, --OOCR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1, --OR.sup.1 or R.sup.1 andR.sup.1 is an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O, but excluding direct links between two O atoms,with the proviso that, in the case of X=CN, A.sup.2 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or fluorine-substituted, 1,4-phenylene, are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: A fluoroalkane derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms, C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom, R.sup.1 denotes an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-16 carbon atoms; ##STR2## respectively denote a phenylene group ##STR3## a cyclohexylene group ##STR4## or a pyrimidinylene group ##STR5## p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1 when p is 1, r is 0 or 1; and l, m and n are respectively 0 or a positive integer satisfying the relationship of l+m+n.gtoreq.1. The fluoroalkane derivative has a fluorine atom providing a large dipole moment and directly connected to an asymmetric carbon atom, so that it provides a high speed responsive characteristic through an increased spontaneous polarization when contained in a liquid crystal composition, especially a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: New bicyclohexyls of the formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--R.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 group(s) can be replaced by 0 atoms, and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,are suitable for use as the coponents of liquid-crystal dielectrics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel perfluoro chemicals (PFC), particularly perfluorocyclic ethers and polyfluorinated compounds containing a few chlorine atoms and to a method for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Dispirotetradecanes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of each other alkyl containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--COO-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- (trans), one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently of each other trans-1,4-cyclohexylene wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, or 1,4-phenylene wherein one or more CH groups may also be replaced by N, with it also being possible optionally for A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 to be substituted laterally or axially by F, Cl, CN, CH.sub.3,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently of each other --C--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond,m and n are each 0, 1 or 2,(m+n) 0, 1 or 2,X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.

Abstract: A process for purifying exo-2-hydroxy-1,4-cineole contaminated with ketones is carried out by derivatizing the ketone to form a compound readily separable from the desired cineole, either by distillation, solvent extraction or like separation process. In one embodiment method of the invention, derivatization is carried out by reaction of the ketone with an amine. The amine reacts with the ketone impurities to form water and relatively stable enamine derivatives that have a much lower vapor pressure than the exo-2-hydroxy-1,4-cineole. The desired product may then be separated by distillation.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iin whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be substituted in the 2-, 3-, 5- and/or 6-position one or more times by F and/or Cl and/or Br and/or CN and/or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group which each have 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and which may also be substituted in the 1- and/or 4-position,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) are useful in liquid crystal mixtures for electrooptical displays; at least one of the end groups of the compounds (1) is an alkyl group which carries cyano or halogen in a terminal or non-terminal position. This offers advantages for longitudinal polarization and/or cross-polarization of the anisotropic compounds with the aid of the comparatively highly polarizing cyano or halogen substituents, in particular high clear points, low .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon..perp. values and/or negative .DELTA..epsilon. values.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2 --Q--(Cy).sub.m --O--(CO).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereR.sup.1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 denotes H, alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--,Cy denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneQ denotes --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m denotes 1 or 2, andn denotes 0 or 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: Bicyclooctane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --O13 CO groups and/or --CO--O groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being also --A.sup.3 --R.sup.3,A.sup.1 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 1-position and/or 2-position and/or 3-position and/or 4-position by alkyl which has in each case 1-5 C atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted or fluorinated, and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by one or two different groupings from the group --O--, --CO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, or is substituted by F, Cl, Br, CN and/or CHO,A.sup.2 is a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2] octylene group,--A.sup.3 --R.sup.3 is --Cy--R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds useful as lower viscosity liquid-crystalline components of which liquid-crystalline compositions are partly composed are provided, which compounds areliquid-crystalline compounds expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, orliquid-crystalline compounds expressed by the general formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein.The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline tercyclohexyls of the formula ##STR1## in which R is an alkyl group with 1-12 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by 0,X is --CN, --COOR.sup.1, --OOCR.sup.1, --COR.sup.1 or R.sup.1, andR.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1-12 C atoms, with the proviso that in the case where X=R.sup.1 at least one CH.sub.2 group in the alkyl group R is replaced by 0, and useful in liquid-crystalline dielectrics.

Abstract: The cobalt carbonyl catalyst R.sup.5 CCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.9, desirably with Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12, wherein R.sup.5 is hydrogen; alkyl, preferably C.sub.1-5 lower alkyl; cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl; cycloalkenyl, such as cyclohexenyl or cyclooctenyl; C.sub.1-12 alkoxy, such as methoxy or propoxy; aryl or alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, alkoxy-, halo-, or cyano-substituted aryl; cyano; or a silyl carbyne moiety of the formula R.sub.3.sup.6 Si, wherein R.sup.6 is alkyl or aryl, effectively catalyzes the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas; i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this catalyst system to form the corresponding ethylene glycol monomethyl ether.The novel catalyst combination of R.sup.5 CCo.sub.3 (CO).sub.9 and Ru.sub.3 (CO).sub.12 is likewise claimed herein.

Abstract: p-Alkoxycyclohexylalkanols and their esters of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 -alkyl, in particular tert.-butyl, or is cyclohexyl, R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, in particular methyl or ethyl, and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, acetyl, propionyl or butyryl, and scent compositions containing these compounds I and processes for their preparation. The novel compounds have fine woody or sandalwood notes and can be used as scents and as components of scent compositions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 or R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: New bicyclohexyls of the formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--R.sup.2wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 group(s) can be replaced by O atoms, and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,are suitable for use as the components of liquid-crystal dielectrics.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein. The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: The ruthenium-cobalt carbonyl metal cluster catalyst Co.sub.2 Ru(CO).sub.11 effectively catalyzes the dealkoxyhydroxymethylation of aldehyde acetals to form glycol monoethers. Methylal, for example, may be reacted with syngas, i.e., CO and H.sub.2, in the presence of this ruthenium-cobalt cluster catalyst to form the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol.

Abstract: Novel liquid crystal compounds having a higher clearing point and a superior stability are provided, which are trans-4-alkyloxymethyl-1-(4'-substituted biphenylyl-4)cyclohexanes expressed by the general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 cabon atoms and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: The syntheses of 25,26-dehydro-1.alpha.,23S-dihydroxycholecalciferol, 25,26-dehydro-1.alpha.,23R-dihydroxycholecalciferol, and the epimeric mixture thereof which are useful as differentiation inducing agents and anti-proliferation agents are described, 25,26-dehydro-1.alpha.,23S-dihydroxycholecalciferol 25,26-dehydro-1.alpha.,23R-dihydroxycholecalciferol and the epimeric mixture thereof are useful for treating tumors and leukemia, and osteoporosis.

Abstract: New bicyclohexylethanes of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--Cy--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A--(Cy).sub.n --R.sup.2 (I)wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can be replaced by O atoms, or is F, Cl, Br, CN, --COOalkyl or --O--CO-alkyl; or one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H; A is Cy, or 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups or by a CN group; Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene and n is 0 or 1; the alkyl groups in each case containing 1-10 C atoms, with the proviso that n is 1 if A is Cy and R.sup.2 is CN,can be used as constituents of dielectrics for electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising mixtures of HF and metal alkoxides and mixed metal alkoxides produce a sharply peaked alkoxylation distribution during the alkoxylation of organic materials.

Abstract: A process is presented for extracting polar organic compounds, in particular lower aliphatic alcohols, out of their aqueous solutions, which is based on the use of fluids which contain a significant amount of polyoxaalkanols, polyoxaalkanediols and/or polyoxaalkanepolyols. These compounds, by virtue of their high molar masses, their low solubility in water and their good affinity for polar organic compounds, are particularly suitable for use as extractants.

Abstract: A colorless liquid crystalline compound having at least one 6-membered ring and non-cyclic end groups in the molecular skelton, said 6-membered containing two or more carbon atoms, at least one of which is directly bonded to a methylene group of a non-cyclic group having an alkoxy group at another end has a wide mesomorphic range. When said colorless liquid crystalline compound is mixed with a liquid crystal composition, the resulting mixture also has an enlarge mesomorphic range and in almost all cases has a reduced viscosity.

Abstract: Liquid crystal compositions are described which comprise a mixture of compounds and which includes at least one additive compound characterized in that the composition includes one or more additive compounds of Formula I as follows: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group, R.sub.2 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group or hydrogen and ##STR2## represents a 1,4-disubstituted bicyclo(2,2,2)octane ring. The preparation and properties of novel compounds of Formula I are also described. These liquid crystal compositions are useful in display devices such as digital calculators and word displays.

Abstract: Compounds useful as lower viscosity liquid-crystalline components of which liquid-crystalline compositions are partly composed are provided, which compounds areliquid-crystalline compounds expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, orliquid-crystalline compounds expressed by the general formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Liquid-crystalline compounds which exhibit a liquid crystalline phase within a broader temperature range and also have a high transparent point and yet a low viscosity, and liquid-crystalline compositions containing at least one kind of the above compounds are provided, which compounds are high temperature liquid-crystalline substances consisting of 4 or 5 six-member-rings, expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' each represent hydrogen atom or an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, each having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of allyl ethers of the formulaR--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2).sub.nin which R and n are as defined in claim 1, by reacting hydroxy compounds of the formulaR--OH).sub.nwith allyl chloride or allyl bromide by phase transfer catalysis, 0.8 to 5 mols of allyl chloride or allyl bromide, 1 to 6 mols of aqueous or solid sodium hydroxide and, as the phase transfer catalyst, 2 to 20 mol % of a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary ammonium base or a crown ether being employed per hydroxyl equivalent of the compound of the formula II, and the reaction being carried out in the temperature range from 20.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds suitable for use in LC-display devices are disclosed and claimed. The new compounds are cyclohexyl cyclohexylmethyl ethers of formula (1): ##STR1## in which X and Y are respectively hydrogen, alkyl group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, alkoxy group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, monoalkylamino group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, nitrile group, nitro group, halogen, or cyclic radical of formula (1a) or (1b): ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent hydrogen alkyl group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, alkoxy group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, monoalkylamino group with 1 to 12 C-atoms, nitrile group, nitro group or halogen, and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 represent simple covalent bonds or grounds of the formulas --COO--, --OOC--, --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2, with the requirement that only one of the groups X, Y can be a cyclicradical or formula (1a) or (1b). Also disclosed and claimed are LC-mixtures containing these compounds and methods for their synthesis.