Abstract: Stabilizer precursors and preformed stabilizers having induced unsaturation, and prepared from low intrinsic unsaturation-containing polyoxyalkylene polyether polyols may be used to form polymer polyols of higher solids content, lower viscosity, and superior filterability and particle size than polymer polyols prepared from stabilizers derived from polyols having higher intrinsic unsaturation, even when the latter are coupled to form high molecular weight stabilizers.

Abstract: This Invention discloses the use of ascorbic and citric acid, their salts, ethers, acid esters and mixtures thereof in a method for the prevention of peroxide formation, and/or for decomposing peroxides already formed in polyethers. Hereby, the polyethers are made reactive to hydrosilylation by silanes and hydrosiloxanes. When the polyether treatment is done with mixtures of ascorbic acid and sodium ascorbate and allyl polyethers, the hydrosilylation product contains reduced levels of propanal. The copolymers prepared using the treated polyethers are efficient stabilizers of flexible polyurethane foams and rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams.

Abstract: The invention relates to amphiphilic compounds of the general formula (I) with at least two hydrophilic and at least two hydrophobic groups based on di, oligo or polyolethers. The amphiphilic compounds of this invention are highly surface active and are suitable as emulsifiers, demulsifiers, detergents, dispersants and hydrotropes for industrial and domestic purposes, e.g. in the fields of metalworking, ore separation, surface treatment, washing and cleaning, cosmetics, medicine and food processing and preparation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an unsaturated ether, which comprises subjecting a glycol ether to intramolecular dehydration in a gas phase in the presence of a catalyst to convert the glycol ether into an unsaturated ether directly in a one-step reaction. As the catalyst, an oxide containing, for example, silicon and an alkali metal is used. The process, which uses no auxiliary raw material, can produce an unsaturated ether (a vinyl ether and/or an allyl ether) simply and safely without generating any waste material derived from the auxiliary raw material.

Abstract: A method of production of polyvinyl ether compound by which the polyvinyl ether compound having a desired degree of polymerization is produced reliably, safely and efficiently and a novel polyvinyl ether compound useful as lubricating oil for compression-type refrigerators, electric insulation oil and the like are disclosed. The method of production of the present invention is a method of producing a polyvinyl ether compound which comprises polymerizing a vinyl ether compound in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst and a specific acetal or a method of producing a polyvinyl ether compound which comprises forming an acetal by reaction of a vinyl ether compound with a specific alcohol in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, then adding the vinyl ether compound to the acetal and polymerizing the vinyl ether compound. The polyvinyl ether compound of the present invention is homopolymer or a copolymer of an alkyl vinyl ether comprising the constituting unit expressed by the general formula: ##STR1## (R.sup.

Abstract: The compounds of the invention are characterised by the formulae ##STR1## wherein index p represents an integer equal to 2 or 3 and q can take the value zero or 1, with the provision that p+q=3. Said compounds are obtained from hex-3-yne-2,5-diol following a process which comprises reacting an ethylenic compound of formula(CH.sub.3).sub.2 C.dbd.C(H).sub.n (CH.sub.3).sub.m (I)wherein index n represents an integer equal to 1 or 2 and m can take the values zero or 1 and wherein n+m=2, with hex-3-yne-2,5-diol, followed by the oxidation of the acetylenic ether obtained by means of ruthenium tetroxide. The compounds of formula (III) can be used as intermediate products for the preparation of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (Furaneol.RTM.).

Abstract: Mono-alkadienyl alkyl ethers and di-alkadienyl alkyl ethers are prepared by telomerization of a conjugated diene, by causing said conjugated diene to react with an aliphatic alcohol or an aliphatic diol respectively, by operating in an aqueous/organic biphasic liquid system, in the presence of a catalytic system formed by:(a) a palladium salt or complex;(b) an alkyl-, alkylcycloalkyl-, or alkylarylphosphine ligand, bearing an acidic or neutral hydrophylic moiety, having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, x and y are as defined in the disclosure; and(c) an either inorganic or organic base.

Abstract: Agents for the diagnosis or treatment of hypoxic cells comprise a bioreductive moiety such as 2-nitroimidazole, and a metal chelating moiety which is a bis-amine oxime of which a carbon atom adjacent a nitrogen atom is linked to the bioreductive moiety. A chelated metal atom or ion preferably Technetium-99m. The agent diffuses into cells where the 2-nitroimidazole is reduced thus trapping the chelated metal in the cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacetylene compound comprising, as structural units, (a) at least one member selected from diacetylene group-containing organic groups of the formulae (I) and (II):R.sup.I --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.II -- (I)and--R.sup.III --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.IV -- (II)wherein R.sup.I is hydrogen or a (C1-16) monovalent organic group, and R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are a (C1-13) divalent organic group,(b) at least one organic group having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and (c) at least one connecting group connecting the units (a) and (b) , which connecting group is selected from amide, imide, ester, ether, amino, imino, urethane, sulfonyl and carbonyl bonds. A cured shaped article made of this compound exhibits isotropically a high elastic modulus and has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: A modified epoxy resin or compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is the backbone reside of a glycidyl ether epoxy resin with removal of the glycidyloxy groups; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl; R.sup.3 is a glycidyl group; and n is an integer of greater than 1. A method for producing the modified epoxy resin is also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to an alk-1-enyl ether having the formula ##STR1## and to the process for its preparation.

Abstract: This invention relates to the alk-1-enyl ether having the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: A new process for producing allyl ethers, usually C.sub.8-30 alkyl (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.5-100 allyl ether, by forming a solution of an alcohol, usually a surfactant alcohol, in a solvent capable of forming an azeotrope with water, azeotroping the mixture to remove substantially all the water, adding an alkalimetal alkoxide, usually sodium methoxide, removing the alkanol formed, usually by azeotroping with the solvent, adding a halide, usually allyl chloride, and recovering the allyl ether. The ethers are useful as monomers, for example to produce polymers by copolymerising with copolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated comonomers for a wide range of applications.

Abstract: Alkadienyl ethers are prepared by the telomerization of conjugated dienes with polyols by continuous addition of the alkadiene to a reaction mixtue comprised of the polyol, secondary alcohol solvent, a portion of the alkadiene to be added, and low palladium catalyst concentration.

Abstract: Dialkoxybutenes are selectively prepared in high yields by reacting 1,3-butadiene with an alcohol in the presence of oxygen and a catalytically effective amount of solid particulates which comprise a catalytically active phase deposited onto particles of a support therefor, such catalytically active phase comprising at least one Group VIII noble metal first component, at least one tellurium, selenium and/or sulfur second component, and, optionally, at least one bismuth, antimony, copper and/or tin third component.

Abstract: Dialkoxyethenes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are identical or different and are each straight-chain or branched alkyl or cycloalkyl or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may furthermore be hydrogen, aryl or alkenylaryl, and the aromatic may be substituted by further radicals, such as alkyl, alkoxy or halogens, are prepared by a process in which an alcohol of the formula R.sup.4 OH or R.sup.5 OH is eliminated from a trialkoxyethane of the formula (II) ##STR2## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 have the above meanings and R.sup.5 is straight-chain or branched alkyl or cycloalkyl, in the presence of a zeolite and/or a phosphate and/or phosphoric acid or boric acid on a carrier and/or an acidic, untreated metal oxide as a catalyst. Zeolites of the pentasil type are preferably used as catalysts.

Abstract: What is provided herein is a multifunctional vinyl ether monomer having the formula: ##STR1## which is the trivinyl ether of 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl) ethane.

Abstract: Functional internal alkynes are conveniently and economically prepared by dehydrohalogenating a dibromide with an alkali metal hydroxide in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A one-step process for producing an alkenyl ether in only one step and under mild conditions by reacting an aldehyde of the formula ##STR1## with an alcohol of the formulaR.sup.3 --OHin the presence of an acidic catalyst in liquid phase, and recovering as the reaction product an alkenyl ether of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is a 2-8 C alkyl or R--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd. wherein R is a 1-8 C alkyl group,R.sup.2 is a 1-6 C alkyl,R.sup.3 is a linear or branched 6-12 C alkyl, a cyclohexyl, a hydroxyhexamethylenyl or ##STR3## wherein R' is H and n is 2 or 3, R.sup.4 is hydrogen or R--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd. wherein R is a 1-8 C alkyl group, andR.sup.5 is a 2-8 C alkyl or R--CH.dbd.CH-- wherein R is a 1-8 C alkyl.

Abstract: A novel optically active allyl alcohol derivative represented by the following general formulae (I), (II), (III) and (IV): ##STR1## The novel optically active allyl alcohol can be used effectively for producing leucotrienes B.sub.4 by the process of reacting an optically active halogen substituted allyl alcohol and a novel optically active acetylene-substituted allyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process is described for the improved synthesis of the optically pure C.sub.10 -C.sub.24 fragment of the macrolide structure of the immunosuppressant FK-506. This compound is also useful as an intermediate for preparing FK-506 derivatives.

Abstract: Monoalkylethers of alkyleneglycols and oligoalkyleneglycols are reacted completely with terminally unsaturated alkenyl halides to form terminally mono unsaturated glycolethers as product, wherein initially a complete reaction to the corresponding alcoholate takes place with only one equivalent of alcoholate former, such as alkali metal alcoholate or hydroxide, and two equivalents of glycolmonoether, then the alcoholate is reacted with one equivalent of alkenyl halide, whereupon a mixture of the desired product and the glycolmonoether of the alkali metal halide is filtered or distilled off, then this mixture is reacted with the second equivalent of the alcoholate former, whereupon the recovery of the product takes place by distillation from the reaction mixture and then, after addition of a further equivalent of glycolmonoether to the residue from the product recovery, the reaction of the first and the subsequent steps is repeated.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: R represents an alkyl group of one to four carbons, an alkenyl group of two to four carbons or a 1-alkoxy-alkyl group of the formula ##STR2## R.sup.1,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl;R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group of from one to five carbon atoms, an alkenyl group of from two to four carbon atoms or an alkylidene group of from one to four carbon atoms;R.sup.5,R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 may be the same or different and represent hydrogen, methyl or ethyl with the proviso that the sum R.sup.5 +R.sup.6 +R.sup.7 does not exceed two carbon atoms; andR.sup.8 represents methyl or ethyl;with the proviso that at least two, but not more than three of the symbols R.sup.1,R.sup.2,R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent hydrogen.This invention is also concerned with odorant and flavoring compositions containing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing linear alpha, omega difunctional molecules by a process which comprises isomerizing olefins having at least one terminal functional group to form a mixture of functionalized olefinic isomers and metathesizing said functionalized olefinic isomers to produce a mixture of difunctional molecules and internal olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for metathesizing an olefin having at least one terminal functional group which comprises contacting said olefin at metathesis conditions with a catalyst comprising: (a) a transition metal selected from tungsten, molybdenum and rhenium, (b) an organometallic compound based on an element selected from aluminum, tin, lead, magnesium and titanium, and (c) an oxophilic agent having a metal-oxygen bond strength greater than the metal-oxygen bond strength of said transition metal.

Abstract: Conjugated diolefins such as 1,3-butadiene are converted to ethers by reaction with aliphatic hydroxyl-containing compounds such as ethylene glycol in the presence of a chelating phosphine adduct of zero valent nickel. A preferred chelating phosphine ligand is 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane.

Abstract: The invention relates to 1,2-dialkoxyalkenes of the formula ##STR1## in which R denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, andn denotes an integer from 2 to 8 and to the use of 1,2-dialkoxyalkanes and -alkenes of the formula ##STR2## in which R denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms,n denotes an integer from 2 to 8, and ##STR3## denotes the CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 -- or CH.sub.2 50 CH-- group, as scents.

Abstract: This invention relates to rapidly curable, non-degradable protective coating compositions containing a divinylether alkene having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl and x and x' are integers each having a value of from 0 to 24, a cross-linkable base resin and a catalytic amount of a cross-linking initiator; and to the preparation and use of the above divinylether alkenes for metal or plastic coatings which possess high resistance to solvents and improved flexibility.

Abstract: The mannite derivatives have the formula (1) wherein R' and R.sup.2, idenal or different, represent when they are identical a straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group containing from 5 to 24 atoms of carbon which may be substituted by a cycloalkyl residue having from 3 to 6 atoms of carbon, an aryl, benzyloxy, allyloxy, mesyloxy residue and/or halogen atoms and when R' and R.sup.2 are different, they represent a straight or branched alkyl group with 1 to 24 atoms or carbon, which may be substituted by a cycloalkyl residue having from 3 to 6 atoms of carbon, an aryl, benzyloxy, allyloxy, mesyloxy residue and/or halogen atoms, with the possibility for R' of being also a trityl group. From said mannite derivatives, it is possible to obtain in a simple way and with good yields the phospholipids in the form of their optical stereo isomers.

Abstract: Allyl methyl ethers are transetherified with alcohols by use of a catalyst of a solid acid that contains no mercury or cuprous salt catalyst.

Abstract: Dimethyl adipate is produced from dimethyl hex-3-enedioate which is prepared by carbonylation of butadiene under reactive conditions in the presence of an alcohol, a platinum-group-metal catalyst and quinone oxidant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for dismuting functionalized olefins using a catalyst which has rhenium heptoxide on phosphated alumina and a metal hydrocarbon compound such as an alkyl tin. The olefins that may be dismuted are those which have a hetero atom such as oxygen, nitrogen or halide in the chain. Specific examples are olefinic compounds which have an ester, ether or a ketone group. The products of the reaction are useful chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Ruthenium-on-charcoal and ruthenium-on-carbon black catalysts, containing from 0.1 to 5% by weight of iron, for the preparation of olefinically unsaturated alcohols by selective hydrogenation of the corresponding .alpha., .beta.-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the liquid phase are prepared by modifying the catalyst with iron only after it has been impregnated with the ruthenium compound, and reducing the catalyst with hydrogen at from 400.degree. to 600.degree. C., with thorough mixing.The catalysts according to the invention are particularly useful for improving the industrially difficult hydrogenation of citral to give the soughtafter fragrances geraniol and nerol.

Abstract: Butene diethers are prepared by the reaction of butadiene and an alkanol, in a medium containing iodide ions and copper ions having an average oxidation state of 1-2.

Abstract: The invention relates to ethoxylates of diacetylene dialcohols as well as the use of these compounds as surfactants.

Abstract: An improved process for making propane sulfonates without isolating intermediates is provided comprising using an aqueous NaOH system instead of metallic sodium and recycling a portion of the product phase transfer as catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of allyl ethers of the formulaR--O--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2).sub.nin which R and n are as defined in claim 1, by reacting hydroxy compounds of the formulaR--OH).sub.nwith allyl chloride or allyl bromide by phase transfer catalysis, 0.8 to 5 mols of allyl chloride or allyl bromide, 1 to 6 mols of aqueous or solid sodium hydroxide and, as the phase transfer catalyst, 2 to 20 mol % of a quaternary ammonium salt, a quaternary ammonium base or a crown ether being employed per hydroxyl equivalent of the compound of the formula II, and the reaction being carried out in the temperature range from 20.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for removing alkynes from hydrocarbon mixtures, particularly those containing butadiene by reacting the alkynes with hydroxyl group containing organic compounds in the presence of a silver exchanged ion-exchange resin and separating the products formed from the unreacted components of said mixture.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are equal or different alkyl-, alkoxyalkyl-, or aryl groups, or together form a ring; R.sub.3 is an allyl or benzyl radical; and R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl or further compounds of the formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 have the meaning indicated above and R.sub.6 stands for hydrogen or methyl or to compounds which are modified by the addition of hydrogen to at least one olefinic or carbonylic double bond of compounds of the general formula I or II. The invention also relates to a process for preparing the new compounds. The compounds of the general formula II are obtained by thermal treatment of a selection of compounds of formula I, for which R.sub.3 stands for the allyl or methallyl radical. The compounds according to the invention are used as fragrant and flavoring substances.

Abstract: A process to form glycol ethers by reacting an organic compound (A) having at least one aliphatic hydroxyl group with an oxirane compound (B) under reaction conditions in the presence of a catalytic amount of a polymeric material that is substantially insoluble in the reaction mixture, said polymeric material having a plurality of pendant sulfonate moieties with divalent metal counterions. Preferential formation of the mono adduct of glycol ethers is noted.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel substituted heptadeca-5,9- and 5,10-dienoic acid and similar fatty acid compounds which are derivatives of certain prostaglandins and are potent thromboxane A.sub.2 inhibitors. By virtue of this pharmacological property, they represent useful pharmacological agents for a wide variety of purposes.

Abstract: The process for the manufacture of but-2-en-1-ol compounds by isomerizing but-3-en-1-ol compounds in the presence of a palladium catalyst and of hydrogen is improved by modifying the palladium catalyst with selenium or tellurium.The but-2-en-1-ols manufactured according to the invention are either solvents or valuable starting materials for the manufacture of solvents, dyes, surface coatings, paints and pesticides.

Abstract: A synthesis of 2,6,10-trimethyl-undecan-1-ol, an intermediate for producing vitamin E, from methacrolein, crotonaldehyde, .beta.-hydroxy-isobutyric acid including intermediates in this synthesis.

Abstract: A process for forming non-polymeric disproportionation products of non-conjugated olefins using catalysts comprising (1) at least one of certain neutral carbene complexes, and (2) at least one of certain compounds of Groups IVa, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb, VIII, and Ib of the Periodic Table of the Elements.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the employment of a water-soluble initiator, of sucrose, sorbitiol, trimethylpropane, ammonia or amine and water to form an initiator which is mixed and reacted with alkylene oxide in the presence of water and without the use of an added catalyst to produce polyether polyols for use in the production of urethane foams.

Abstract: Polyprenyl derivatives having the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may be the same or different and each represents hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyloxy group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, R.sup.3 represents hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, an aliphatic acyl group having 2-18 carbon atoms, an aromatic acyl group or an araliphatic acyl group having 2-3 carbon atoms in the aliphatic acyl moiety, n is an integer of 1-4 and, when n is an interger of 2-4, R.sup.2 's may be the same or different; provided that, when n is 1 or 2, at least one of R.sup.2 and R.sup.2 's is hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an aliphatic acyloxy group, an aromatic acyloxy group or an araliphatic acyloxy group. These derivatives are useful as medicines for treating peptic ulcer.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2-pentynyl ether represented by the formulaCH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 C.tbd.CCH.sub.2 ORwherein R is tetrahydropyranyl and methoxyethyl characterized by reacting propargyl ether represented by the formula HC.tbd.CCH.sub.2 OR wherein R is as defined above with an ethyl halide in a nonprotonic polar solvent in the presence of a metal hydride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing alkenyl ethers from high molecular weight polyols in a liquid phase system containing concentrated alkali metal hydroxide, water, water immiscible hydrocarbon solvent and high molecular weight polyol such that the addition of an alkenyl halide results in a reaction which yields an alkenyl ether product which is not readily distillable from the reaction solution at slightly elevated temperatures and atmospheric pressures.