Abstract: The current invention provides and improved method for hydrolyzing alpha-chlorinated toluene compounds comprising the steps of:—providing an alpha-chlorinated toluene compound of formula (I) wherein at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is CI and wherein (Ra)n designates that the benzene nucleus may have one or more substituents which may be same or different and are selected from the group consisting of H, CI, Br and —CmH2m+1, n being 0 or an integer from 1 to 5, and m being an integer, preferably from 1 to 6,—hydrolyzing said compound with water in the presence of a metal oxide.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: A dehydration method for removing water from a hydrolysis reaction mixture containing unreacted water generated when monochlorobenzene is hydrolyzed to produce phenol, the method for dehydrating the hydrolysis reaction mixture includes supplying a hydrolysis reaction mixture to a distillation tower, supplying a liquid containing monochlorobenzene to the tower top portion of the distillation tower, and removing the substantially whole amount of the water in the hydrolysis reaction mixture together with monochlorobenzene from the tower top portion by distillation.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting at least one low molecular weight alkane, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine, under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2+ alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, and (d) cracking at least part of the C2+ alkanes in an alkane cracking system to produce ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing a hydroxy compound including the following steps: (a) chlorination step: a step of producing a chlorinated hydrocarbon and hydrogen chloride from a hydrocarbon and chlorine; (b) hydrolysis step: a step of producing a hydroxy compound and hydrogen chloride from the chlorinated hydrocarbon and water; and (c) oxidation step: a step of producing chlorine by reaction of oxygen and hydrogen chloride obtained in the chlorination step and/or the hydrolysis step, and (d) recycling at least a portion of the chlorine to the chlorination step.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting one or more low molecular weight alkanes, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine, under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting a first portion of the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst under process conditions sufficient to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2-5 alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, (d) reacting a second portion of the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst under process conditions sufficient to produce ethylene and/or propylene.

Abstract: An integrated process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons and ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins from low molecular weight hydrocarbons, preferably methane, which comprises: (a) contacting at least one low molecular weight alkane, preferably methane, with a halogen, preferably bromine. under process conditions sufficient to produce a monohaloalkane, preferably monobromomethane, (b) reacting the monohaloalkane in the presence of a coupling catalyst to produce aromatic hydrocarbons and C2+ alkanes, (c) separating the aromatic hydrocarbons from the product mixture of step (b) to produce aromatic hydrocarbons, and (d) cracking at least part of the C2+ alkanes in an alkane cracking system to produce ethylene and/or propylene and optionally other lower olefins.

Abstract: A process is provided for the production of phenol from chlorobenzene. The process comprises a chemical reaction in which chlorobenzene is reacted with an alcohol in the vapor phase to form phenol and the corresponding alkyl chloride. A catalyst is used to promote the reaction. Among the alcohols used are methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fluorinated benzaldehydes, to a process for preparing them and also to the use of the fluorinated benzaldehydes for preparing active ingredients, especially in medicaments and agrochemicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cleaving arylethers such as arylethers represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl or CH.dbd.CH.sub.2 ; each A is independently NO.sub.2, hydroxy, halo, or methoxy; n is an integer from 0 to 5; and x is 1 or 2, comprising contacting the arylether with an amide hydrohalide salt under conditions sufficient to cleave the ether group(s) of the arylether and form a phenol or substituted phenol. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, which is a monomer used for making polybenzoxazoles (PBO).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,4-bis(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzene of the formula (I) ##STR1## by reacting a 1,4-bis(4-halobenzoyl)benzene of the formula (II) ##STR2## in which X is a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, with an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or with mixtures of these hydroxides in a solvent which is inert to the reaction components under the reaction conditions at temperatures of about 100.degree. C. to about 250.degree. C., if appropriate in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 3- or 4-hydroxybenzocyclobutene comprises reacting a 3- or 4-halogenzocyclobutene reactant with an alkali metal hydroxide by heating in an aqueous alcohol medium at a temperature from about 50.degree. C. to a temperature at which dimerization or oligomerization of a benzocyclobutene reactant or product is a significant side reaction, in the presence of a metal-containing catalyst, for a time sufficient to convert the halobenzocyclobutene reactant to the hydroxybenzocyclobutene product.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol and 3,4-dimethylphenol a mixture of 2,3-dimethyl-bromobenzene and 3,4-dimethyl-bromobenzene is hydrolized in an aqueous alkaline solution in the presence of a copper compound catalyst of the formula:Cu.sub.(n) R.sub.(m)R represents --O or --OH or a residue of an inorganic or of an organic acid;n is 1 or 2; andm is 0, 1 or 2;the reaction being carried out at a temperature in the range between 200.degree. and 300.degree. C.

Abstract: Process is disclosed for the preparation of 4-substituted aryl olefins from 4-substituted aryl iodides. 4-Substituted aryl iodides are contacted with an olefin in an ester solvent in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a palladium compound and a Bronsted base.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxybiphenyls. A bromobiphenyl is contacted with a base in aqueous liquid phase at a temperature less than or equal to 230.degree. C. in the presence of a copper-based catalyst. The hydroxyl ion concentration of base ranges from 0.1 to about 1.6 molar equivalents per liter. At temperatures less than 215.degree. C., a cocatalyst is preferably added.

Abstract: A process for making meta-alkylphenols by reacting ortho-halo alkylbenzenes, e.g., ortho-chloro tert-butylbenzene, with an alkali metal base, e.g., potassium tert-butoxide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing phenates substituted by halogen groups of the corresponding phenols which comprises reacting a halo-substituted benzene with a powdered base having a particle size of less than 4 mm in the presence of an aprotic polar solvent.

Abstract: Secondary and tertiary alkyl halides, benzyl halides, and activated phenyl halides may be hydrolyzed in a 2-step procedure in good yield and under relatively mild conditions. The halide first is heated with dimethyl sulfoxide so as to form an intermediate or complex which is subsequently hydrolyzed with great facility upon contact with water, even at room temperature. The process is particularly applicable to water-insoluble organic halides.

Abstract: A reagent comprising the product of the reaction of an alkali metal hydroxide with a polyglycol or a polyglycol monoalkyl ether and oxygen, effects complete decomposition of halogenated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), when mixed therewith in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: A reagent, comprising the product of the reaction of an alkali metal with a polyglycol or a polyglycol monoalkyl ether and oxygen, effects complete decomposition of halogenated organic compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), when mixed therewith in the presence of oxygen.

Abstract: Metal phenates especially overbased phenates are prepared by reacting a basic metallic compound with a mixture of an alkyl phenol and an alkyldihydroxybenzene. The products are useful as lubricant additives with improved antirust properties, and when overbased, with higher basicity and lower viscosity.