Abstract: A method is provided for making polymethylated phenols, such as 2,3,5-trimethylphenol and 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenol from a mixture of isophorone and methanol. Catalytic demethanation of isophorone and methanation of the resulting product is achieved by contacting the mixture of isophorone and methanol with the calcination residue of a mixture of magnesium carbonate and/or magnesium hydroxide and a manganese compound at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: A catalyst precursor comprised of a dry admixture of manganese carbonate and at least one material selected from among magnesium carbonate, basic magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. The precursor is calcinable at elevated temperatures to an activated catalyst which may be used in a process for the ortho-alkylation of phenolic compounds.

Abstract: A process for making a mixture of meta- and para-alkylphenols by contacting a mixture of phenol, ortho-alkylphenol and an alkylating agent (e.g. olefins or lower alcohols) with a zeolite having a silica:alumina ratio of at least 12:1 under alkylating conditions to obtain a mixture of ortho-, meta- and para-alkylphenols and then separating at least part of the ortho-alkylphenol which is recycled to a subsequent alkylation process carried out in the same manner.

Abstract: An improved catalytic process for selectively ortho-alkylating a phenolic compound which comprises reacting a phenolic compound with an alcohol, optionally in the presence of water, and a catalyst composite consisting essentially of the calcination residue obtained from heating an admixture of magnesium carbonate and/or magnesium hydroxide and a manganese compound.

Abstract: By flowing a gaseous stream containing methanol and a phenol through a fluidized bed of particles of a highly attrition resistant catalyst comprising 10 to 80% by weight of silica and 90 to 20% by weight of a metal oxide supported on the silica and have been calcined at 500.degree. to 900.degree. C., the ortho position of the phenol is methylated with high selectivity, whereby various useful ortho-methylated phenol derivatives can be advantageously obtained.

Abstract: Phenols having an unsubstituted ortho-position are benzylated by reaction with a benzyl alcohol in contact with an activated alumina catalyst especially gamma alumina at a temperature sufficient to maintain the reactants in the vapor phase.

Abstract: A process for making ortho-alkylated phenols by reacting in the vapor phase an alkyl alcohol and a phenolic compound in the presence of an alkylation catalyst, said catalyst provided by a calcination residue of mixture comprising a magnesium-containing material and manganese hydroxide formed as a precipitate by bringing together an aqueous solution of a manganese salt and an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide in the presence of said magnesium-containing material.

Abstract: For the orthomethylation of phenolic compounds containing at least one hydrogen atom in the ortho position, the phenol compound is reacted with methanol in the gaseous phase in the presence of an oxidic catalyst containing iron, chromium, and cerium in an atomic ratio of Fe:Cr:Ce of 1:0.005 to 0.1:0.005 to 0.1, at temperatures of 270.degree.-450.degree. C., pressures of 1-40 bar, and rates per unit volume of 0.05-3 h.sup.-1. The temperature within the catalyst bed is maintained constant within a narrow temperature range .DELTA.T of up to 20.degree. C. The catalyst has a very long service life with a high activity, and provides a high selectivity.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing o-cresol by simultaneously alkylating phenol with methanol and transalkylating 2,6-xylenol with phenol in the same reactor.

Abstract: A phenol is ortho-alkylated by reaction with an alkanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least 92% w/w, calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, of an oxide of iron, and at least one other metal oxide. By way of example, phenol can thus be converted to o-cresol and/or 2,6-xylenol.

Abstract: A process for producing o-methylated phenols useful as raw materials for resins and medicines in high yields comprising reacting methanol with phenols in the presence of a catalyst containing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) magnesium oxide, manganese oxide and iron oxide which are all pre-treated with phenols and (2) magnesium phenolate.

Abstract: Manufacture of orthomethylated phenol compounds by the reaction of phenol compounds having a hydrogen atom at the ortho position and methanol is accomplished advantageously by a method which effects the reaction by use of a catalyst comprising (A) iron oxide, (B) indium oxide, and (C) at least one member selected from the group consisting of chromium oxide and silicon oxide. According to this method, the reaction permits the orthomethylated phenol compound to be produced in high yields for a long time because of the catalyst's excellent activity-retaining property. Since the ortho-position selectivity and the utilization ratio of methanol are high and, consequently, the utilization efficiency of raw materials is high, the method of this invention produces the orthomethylated phenol compound with high efficiency from the phenol compounds.

Abstract: Ortho-alkylated phenols are prepared by reacting phenol unsubstituted in at least one ortho position with an alcohol in the presence of an ortho-alkylation catalyst consisting of magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide or a mixture of both. The catalyst is used in the absence of a promoter compound and with or without polymeric binder.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reacting phenol, mono- and di-alkyl phenols having at least one free o-position with methanol and/or dimethyl ether in the gas phase to form o-substituted phenols in the presence of a catalyst of oxides of iron, vanadium, at least one oxide of boron, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, silicon, germanium, tin and lead, and at least one oxide of an alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, lanthanum and manganese.

Abstract: Phenol is catalytically alkylated with an isopropanol or propylene alkylating agent to form high yields of an isopropylphenol product enriched in the para-isomer of isopropylphenol. Such an alkylation process is carried out under catalytic alkylation conditions including a temperature of from about 200.degree. C. to 300.degree. C. and contact with a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a silica to alumina molar ratio of at least about 12 and a constraint index of about 1 to 12.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound having at least one ortho-positioned hydrogen atom by catalytically reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase. In this process, the reaction of the phenolic compound with the alcohol is carried out at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 550.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst containing manganese oxide, silicon oxide and one or more additives selected from group (A) consisting of germanium oxide, tin oxide and lead oxide, or a catalyst containing manganese oxide, silicon oxide, one or more additives selected from the aforesaid group (A), and one or more additives selected from group (B) consisting of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound having at least one ortho-positioned hydrogen atom by catalytically reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase. In this process, the reaction of the phenolic compound with the alcohol is carried out at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 550.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst containing manganese oxide and one or more additives selected from group (A) consisting of germanium oxide, tin oxide and lead oxide, or a catalyst containing manganese oxide, one or more additives selected from the aforesaid group (A), and one or more additives selected from group (B) consisting of alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides. The catalyst used in this invention exhibits not only excellent catalytic activity in the selective ortho-alkylation of phenols, continuous stability of the activity, good shapeability and good mechanical strength but also effective utilization of alcohols.

Abstract: A phenol is ortho-alkylated by reaction with an alkanol in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least 87% w/w, calculated as Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, of an oxide of iron, and at least one other metal oxide, in which the other metal is selected from As, Cd, Co, Hg, In, Ni, Pb, lanthanide rare earths, Sc, Sn, Ti and Zr. By way of example, phenol can thus be converted to o-cresol and/or 2,6-xylenol.

Abstract: A process for the selective alkylation of phenol or its alkyl ethers, in the presence of a particular type of zeolite catalyst, to produce a product rich in 4-alkyl phenyl alkyl ethers (e.g. 4-methylanisole). The zeolite is characterized by a Constraint Index of 1 to 12 and a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12, and may optionally contain a minor amount of a difficultly reducible oxide.

Abstract: A process for the production of alkyl phenols having at least one o-alkyl radical comprising catalytically reacting a phenolic compound having at least one o-positioned hydrogen atom with an alcohol in the vapor phase in the presence of a manganese oxide containing catalyst modified with a compound of at least one of the alkali metals.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for reacting phenol, mono- and di-alkyl phenols having at least one free o-position with methanol and/or dimethyl ether in the gas phase to form o-substituted phenols in the presence of a catalyst of oxides of iron, chromium, silicon and at least one oxide of an alkaline-earth metal, lanthanum and manganese or in the presence of a catalyst of oxides of iron, chromium, a metal from the group comprising germanium, titanium, zirconium, tin, lead, and at least one oxide of an alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, lanthanum and manganese.

Abstract: In a process for producing a mono- or di-ortho-methyl-substituted phenol which comprises methylating a phenol having one or two ortho-hydrogens with methanol in the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst comprising a major proportion of an oxide of iron as a first component (A) and a minor proportion of at least one oxide of metal other than iron as a second component (B), the improvement wherein said metal other than iron in component (B) is a metal selected from the group consisting of Ga, Ge, Y, Nb, Hf, Bi and Ta; and a catalyst used therefor.

Abstract: Hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds may be alkylated by treatment with an alkylating agent such as an olefin or an alcohol at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric to about 100 atmospheres in the presence of a fluoro-substituted resin. The resulting product will comprise both mono- and di-alkylated hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Amorphorus titanium, uranium, chromium ions and zirconium together with sulfate ions are effective promoters for magnesium oxide catalysts. These catalysts are active for the ortho methylation of phenols in the vapor phase to yield 2,6-xylenol.

Abstract: 0-cresol and 2,6-xylenol are prepared by flowing a gaseous stream of methanol and phenol in a molar ratio of phenol to methanol of from 1:1 to 1:9 through a fluidized bed of alumina particles at a temperature of from 200.degree. to 400.degree. C., said alumina being in the eta, gamma or chi crystallographic form, having a surface area of from 100 to 500 m.sup.2 /g and an overall pore volume of from 0.3 to 0.6 ml/g and having been pre-treated with a stream of air or inert gas at a temperature of the order of 500.degree. C. for at least 2 hours.

Abstract: A method for producing long chain-length alkylphenols with preferential production of para-alkylphenols and placement of the phenolic moiety at the #2 position on the alkyl chain. The reaction is carried out in the presence of crystalline zeolites having a major pore dimension of about six to seven angstrom units.

Abstract: Butylation of a mixture of xylenols and trimethylphenols gives a product which is suitable for use as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. The material can be added to the reactor during polymerization as a shortstopper and retain effectiveness as a stabilizer in the finished polymer.

Abstract: Phenol is methylated over an alumina catalyst using methanol, and the reaction product therefrom is combined with additional methanol over a promoted magnesium oxide catalyst. Major reaction products are ortho-cresol, 2,6-xylenol and 2,3,6-trimethylphenol. The promoted magnesium oxide catalyst contains metal promoters selected from the group consisting of titanium, chromium, and uranium together with sulfate ions.

Abstract: Isomerization of o-cresol to m-cresol by contact with a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite of the ZSM-type, having a silica to alumina ratio greater than 5, at a temperature of about 350.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for selectively alkylating a phenolic compound in the ortho-position which comprises reacting a phenolic compound with an alkanol in the presence of a boron trifluoride etherate catalyst and optionally in the presence of a solvent such as aqueous and non-aqueous inorganic acids.

Abstract: 2,6-xylenol admixed with meta,para-cresol is reacted with methanol in a contact with a titanium/SO.sub.4 /magnesium oxide catalyst to yield a product stream which can be readily distilled to give 2,6-xylenol in high purity. The particular catalyst used allows low loss of 2,6-xylenol during the reactions and low amounts of side products obtained.

Abstract: Butylation of a mixture of xylenols and trimethylphenols gives a product which is suitable for use as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chloride. The material can be added to the reactor during polymerization as a short-stopper and retain effectiveness as a stabilizer in the finished polymer.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound having at least one ortho-positioned a hydrogen atom by catalytically reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase. In this process, the reaction of the phenolic compound with the alcohol is carried out at a temperature of from 300.degree. to 550.degree. C. in the presence of a mixed oxide catalyst of manganese, silicon, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, and barium oxide. The catalyst used in this invention exhibits not only excellent catalytic activity in the selective ortho-alkylation of phenols but also continuous stability of the activity, good shapability, and good mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process for preparing 2,6-xylenol in high selectivity and a catalyst composition useful therein are disclosed. The process comprises reacting phenol, o-cresol or mixtures thereof with methanol in presence of water, hydrogen and a catalyst consisting essentially of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3, SnO.sub.2, Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, and K.sub.2 O.

Abstract: The process of the invention provides a method for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound with a lower alkane in the presence of a supported nickel oxide catalyst.

Abstract: Ortho- and para-monoalkylated phenols and 2,4- and 2,6-dialkylphenols can be produced from phenolic compounds in good yields. The phenolic compound is reacted with an aldehyde having one to ten carbon atoms and a secondary aliphatic amine having a basic dissociation constant, pK.sub.b, of less than about 3.6 measured at 25.degree. C. The reaction is conducted in the liquid phase with at least a stoichiometric amount of the phenolic compound, the aldehyde and the secondary amine, or with an excess of the phenolic compound with the stoichiometric amounts of the aldehyde and the secondary amine. The reaction is conducted at a temperature in the range of around 0.degree. C. to about 25.degree. C., and the reaction produces an aminoalkylated phenol. The aminoalkylated phenol is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a metal catalyst at a temperature of about 120.degree. C. to about 140.degree. C.

Abstract: The selective alkylation of a phenolic compound having a hydrogen atom in at least one of the ortho positions is achieved by reacting the phenolic compound with an alcohol in the vapor phase in the presence of a catalyst containing mixed oxides of chromium and tin. The catalyst can additionally contain iron oxide, sulfate radical, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: This invention is for a shaped, alkylation catalyst comprising magnesium oxide bonded with silica and to the use of the catalyst in a process for the ortho-alkylation of phenols. The process comprises the vapor phase reaction of a non-ortho-substituted phenol with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst of the invention is an improvement over prior art catalysts used for ortho-alkylation of phenols as it substantially increases reaction selectivity, eliminates loss of catalyst arising with the use of powders or weakly sintered composites and has a substantially extended useful life.

Abstract: A process for the selective ortho-alkylation of a phenolic compound which comprises reacting at a temperature of at least 185.degree. C. in the presence of a copper chromite catalyst said phenolic compound with an alkanol of 1 to about 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Phenolic compounds are methylated with methane in the presence of a metallic catalyst selected from nickel or cobalt or mixtures thereof at a temperature in the range of about 300.degree. C. to around 475.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the transalkylation of nuclear methylated phenols into o-cresol in the liquid or gaseous phase is conducted in the absence of catalysts and in the presence of phenol.

Abstract: High pressure methylation of 2,6-xylenol to produce 2,3,6-trimethylphenol is accomplished by maintaining the methanol/2,6-xylenol feed at temperature and pressures sufficient to keep the feed liquid in a reactor head then forcing the feed through orifices, expanding the feed into a mixed vapor liquid phase, the feed after expansion being in the range of reaction conditions of pressure and temperature while in the presence of the catalyst where the reaction takes place. The process avoids the current problems of uneven feed mixtures and catalyst tube plugging.

Abstract: Aluminas derived from aluminum alkoxide hydrolysis are calcined at 1150.degree.-1800.degree. F for a period of time ranging 0.5 to about 12 hours to develop specific pore volume and pore diameter characteristics prior to use as a catalyst in the vapor phase and liquid phase methylation of phenol, monosubstituted, and di-substituted phenols. The calcining at higher temperatures gives increased catalyst life, lower isomerization and disproportionation, and higher orthomethylation activity.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the disproportionation of highly alkylated phenols with phenol using an improved magnesium oxide catalyst promoted with tungsten oxide, silica sol, and sodium silicate. The method provides a catalyst having a high reactivity, high surface area, and high crush strength compared to known magnesium oxide, tungsten oxide catalysts. The catalyst is useful in phenol methylation and disproportionation. The effect of silica sol and sodium silicate is synergistic since these materials alone will not catalyze these reactions. Surprisingly, the catalyst will not disproportionate olefins.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process for the disproportionation of highly alkylated phenols with phenol using an improved magnesium oxide catalyst promoted with tungsten oxide, silica sol, and sodium silicate. The method provides a catalyst having a high reactivity, high surface area, and high crush strength compared to known magnesium oxide, tungsten oxide catalysts. The catalyst is useful in phenol methylation and disproportionation. The effect of silica sol and sodium silicate is synergistic since these materials alone will not catalyze these reactions. Surprisingly, the catalyst will not disproportionate olefins.

Abstract: A method of preparing methyl-substituted phenols is disclosed. The method comprises heating a mixture of mono- or di-hydrocarbyl-substituted cresols and methanol at an elevated temperature in the presence of a catalytic amount of magnesium oxide.