Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a reduction reaction product, wherein recovery of the reaction solvent and/or distillation is carried out after adding a nitrogen-containing compound into a reaction liquid of a reduction reaction that has been conducted using a transition metal complex. The present invention is capable of suppressing decrease in the optical purity of the reduction reaction product due to the transition metal complex used as a catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving crude acetone column energy efficiency and operation are provided. The method for improving crude acetone column energy efficiency and operation can include introducing a crude acetone including acetone and phenol to a fractionation column and introducing cumene, AMS, or a combination thereof to the fractionation column. The method can include fractionating the crude acetone within the fractionation column to produce an acetone containing overhead and a phenol containing bottoms. The method can also include condensing at least a portion of the acetone containing overhead indirectly with a cool heat transfer medium to provide a condensed crude acetone product and a heated heat transfer medium, wherein the heat transfer medium includes cumene.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a reduction reaction product, wherein recovery of the reaction solvent and/or distillation is carried out after adding a nitrogen-containing compound into a reaction liquid of a reduction reaction that has been conducted using a transition metal complex. The present invention is capable of suppressing decrease in the optical purity of the reduction reaction product due to the transition metal complex used as a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing aryl-, heteroaryl- or alkenyl-substituted unsaturated hydrocarbons, containing: reacting aryl halides, heteroaryl halides or alkenyl halides with alkynes or alkenes in the presence of a palladium catalyst to obtain a crude product, and subsequently distillatively purifying the crude product in the presence of a compound having at least one NC?S group.

Abstract: There is disclosed a purification method of an optically active 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethanol represented by the formula [1], which includes recrystallizing the optically active 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethanol from an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent where * denotes an asymmetric carbon. This method makes it possible to improve the optical purity of the ethanol significantly.

Abstract: Crystalline modifications of (1R,2R)-3-(3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl)-phenol, pharmaceutical compositions which contain these modifications, and the use thereof to treat pain or other conditions.

Abstract: A two-step method of crude phenol treatment from impurities, wherein a first step comprises oxidizing hydroxyacetone and aldehydes impurities, in phenol medium by air oxygen with the use of a heterogeneous catalyst which contains transition metals, and a second step comprises treating the unoxidized impurities with the use of a heterogeneous acidic catalyst. The separation of treatment by-products compounds produced during said phenol treatment may then be carried out by a conventional fractionation, distillation, or equivalent method, to produce highly purified product phenol.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for isolating enantiomer components from a mixture of enantiomers through particle-size-controlled crystallization, comprising the steps of: (a) forming a solution of a mixture of enantiomers (R) and (S) in a solvent in the absence of any further additives or agents; (b) seeding the solution of step (a) simultaneously or consecutively with seed crystals of enantiomer (R) and with seed crystals of enantiomer (S), wherein the seed crystals of enantiomer (R) differ in size and/or in quantity from the seed crystals of enantiomer (S) to allow separation of the crystals composed of a mixture enriched with enantiomer (R) from the crystals composed of a mixture enriched with enantiomer (S); (c) inducing simultaneous crystallization of enantiomer (R) and enantiomer (S); and (d) isolating crystals composed of a mixture enriched with enantiomer (R) from crystals composed of a mixture enriched with enantiomer (S) through size separation of the crystals, preferably through sieving

Abstract: Processes for the separation and purification of polyphenol trans-resveratrol and/or anthraquinone emodin from Polygonum cuspidatum and/or Rumex acetosa, by means of solvent selective extraction. Products obtained by this process present high level of purity; being therefore useful in the preparation of nutraceutical (pharmaceutical and/or food) compositions with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, chemoprotective activities, besides protecting against infections and ischemia, treating type 1 and 2 diabetes, reducing obesity and preventing aging. Useful phytomedicines for the same therapeutic activity and prepared from the roots and/or rhizomes of Rumex acetosa or from their fractions are also provided.

Abstract: There is disclosed a purification method of an optically active 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethanol represented by the formula [1], which includes recrystallizing the optically active 1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)ethanol from an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent where * denotes an asymmetric carbon. This method makes it possible to improve the optical purity of the ethanol significantly.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing benzaldehyde is reacted with an alkyl Grignard reagent to convert it to a magnesium alkoxide of racemic, fluorine-containing, benzyl alcohol, and subsequently the magnesium alkoxide is reacted with phthalic anhydride to obtain a phthalate half ester of racemic, fluorine-containing, benzyl alcohol, and the half ester is optically resolved by optically active 1-phenylethylamine, and then the ester group is hydrolyzed, thereby producing an optically active, fluorine-containing, benzyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for the production of a color-stable composition containing cardanol, including (a) subjecting crude, cashew nutshell liquid to distillation to obtain a distillate; (b) reacting the distillate with acetic anhydride to obtain a reaction mixture; and (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to fractional distillation is provided. A method for the production of color-stable phenalkamines, including (a) subjecting crude, cashew nutshell liquid to distillation to obtain a distillate; (b) reacting the distillate with acetic anhydride to obtain a reaction mixture; (c) subjecting the reaction mixture to fractional distillation to obtain a cardanol-containing fractional distillate; and (d) reacting the fractional distillate with an aliphatic amine and formaldehyde to form a color-stable phenalkamine is also provided.

Abstract: Hydroxytyrosol is extracted from olives and/or from the solid residues of olives after the extraction of olive oil, by carrying out acid hydrolysis at a temperature within the range of 110° C. to 140° C. and at a pH within the range of 1.0 to 6.0, and by purifying the obtained solution on a column containing acid activated anion exchange resins, and a column containing an adsorbent non-ionic resin; both columns being eluted with water to recover the hydroxytyrosol.

Abstract: The invention provides a reaction system comprising: a first reaction promoter capable of converting a first substrate into a first substance; and a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a second reaction promoter encapsulated within an encapsulant, said second reaction promoter being capable of converting a second substrate into a second substance. The second substrate is capable of passing through the encapsulant to contact the second reaction promoter and the second substance is capable of passing out of the microcapsules through the encapsulant.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process to prepare a poly(carbonate-co-urea) copolymer comprising reacting in the melt: (a) a dihydroxy reaction component comprising a dihydroxy compound, (b) a diaryl carbonate reaction component comprising a diaryl carbonate, (c) a urea reaction component comprising a urea compound in the presence of (d) a transesterification catalyst during at least part of the reaction and removing a phenolic byproduct to produce a poly(carbonate-co-urea) copolymer, wherein the urea and dihydroxy compounds are reacted in a molar ratio: (total moles of urea compound)/((total moles of urea compound)+(total moles of dihydroxy compound)) of less than or equal to 0.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for fractionating stereoisomeric compounds which have at least one alcohol and/or amino group.

Abstract: We describe a process for the preparation of polyurethane polyol from CARDANOL 3-(8pentadecenyl)phenol, derived from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), a renewable resource material. The polyol is made by oxidation with peroxy acid generated in situ to give epoxidised CARDANOL 3-(8-pentadecenyl)phenol and the epoxy derivative is converted to the polyol in the presence of the organic acid. The cardanol-based polyol may be reacted with isocyanate to form polyurethane. Alternatively blowing agents are included with the cardanol-based polyol before it is reacted with the isocyanate. These polyols are especially suitable for making rigid foams of very low density and high compressive strength.

Abstract: The hydrothermal treatment is based on placing the crude residual plant material in contact with hot water in a closed reactor, comprising the following steps:

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a phenol product having a reduced concentration of a contaminating reaction by-product. The method includes contacting a phenol stream, having a concentration of the contaminating by-product, by contacting the phenol stream with an acidic catalyst under suitable purification reaction conditions. Also included is a composition comprising a sec-butyl benzene derived phenol product that has been purified by the removal of certain undesirable reaction by-products.

Abstract: A method of purifying a phenol stream that contains a concentration of a contaminating compound is provided. The phenol stream is treated or purified by contacting the stream, under suitable process conditions, with a treatment catalyst that has a low silica content but comprises alumina and a Group VIA metal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds useful as catalysts in asymmetric synthesis of chiral compounds, methods for the synthesis of said catalysts, and methods for synthesizing chiral compounds with high enantioselectivity.

Abstract: This invention discloses a substance which is a betaine ester of a functional alcohol that has an amido bond in its molecule and releases the functional alcohol.

Abstract: The invention provides olive-derived hydroxytyrosol. According to one aspect of the invention, vegetation water is collected from olives. Acid is added to stabilize the vegetation water and prevent fermentation. The mixture is incubated to allow oleuropein to convert to hydroxytyrosol, and then fractionated to separate hydroxytyrosol from other components. The hydroxytyrosol is useful as a therapeutic and anti-oxidant for a variety of health purposes, including for the treatment of skin damage. In addition, the hydroxytyrosol is useful as a natural anti-bacterial, anti-viral and fungicidal product for agricultural and pest control applications.

Abstract: A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having a aqueous salt phase outlet; a aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a decomposer reactor having an oxidized aqueous salt phase outlet; an oxidizing agent feed in fluid communication with the aqueous salt phase feed containing the impurities prior to the decomposer reactor; and an oxidized aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble oxidized derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

Abstract: A system for purifying a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture comprises a cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture feed containing impurities in fluid communication with an aqueous alkaline solution feed; the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture and aqueous alkaline solution feeds are in fluid communication with a neutralization drum having an aqueous salt phase outlet; an aqueous salt phase feed containing impurities in fluid communication with a heat treatment vessel having a heat-treated aqueous salt phase outlet; and a heat-treated aqueous salt phase feed containing water-soluble derivatives of the impurities in fluid communication with the cumene hydroperoxide cleavage product mixture prior to the neutralization drum.

Abstract: High-purity benzyl benzoate is recovered by distilling the residue remaining after removal of unreacted toluene and benzoic acid from a reaction mixture produced by the oxidation of toluene by molecular oxygen in the presence of a metal catalyst thereby separating a fraction of benzyl benzoate containing 80 wt % or more benzyl benzoate, 10 wt % or less benzoic acid and 10 wt % or less fluorenone, and purifying the fraction of benzyl benzoate by crystallization such as recrystallization. According to this process, it is possible to recover high-purity benzyl benzoate by a simple operation at low cost from the by-product formed in the manufacture of benzoic acid.

Abstract: An aromatic carboxylic acid, aromatic aldehyde, and aromatic alcohol are simultaneously and efficiently prepared by liquid phase oxidizing an aromatic compound represented by formula (I) with a gas containing molecular oxygen, in a presence of a catalyst comprising transition metal compound, tertiary amine and bromide compound:

Abstract: An organic solvent is separated from a waste stream comprising hydrofluoric acid, an organic solvent and etchant contaminants. The process comprises separating the hydrofluoric acid by subjecting the waste stream to at least one of the following processes: ion exchange; extraction of the hydrofluoric acid; electrophoresis; converting the hydrofluoric acid to an insoluble salt; to thereby obtain a first composition containing the hydrofluoric acid and a second stream containing the organic solvent and being substantially free of the hydrofluoric acid; and then distilling the second stream to recover the organic solvent free of the etching contaminants.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the isolation of polyols, such as 1,3-propanediol, from a fermentation broth. Specifically, the invention discloses a process of adding base to the fermentation broth to raise the pH to a suitable level for reduction of impurity formation during isolation of the polyol.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of benzyl alcohol via hydrolysis of a benzyl ester with water in the liquid phase, the hydrolysis being carried out in the absence of a strong acid and a base at a temperature between 40° C. and 320° C. The benzyl ester to be hydrolyzed can be chosen from the group comprising benzyl formiate, benzyl propionate, benzyl acetate and benzyl benzoate. A weak acid may optionally be added to the reaction mixture to be hydrolyzed. After the hydrolysis the reaction mixture is preferably cooled to a temperature between 80° C. and 180° C. so that a phase separation takes place. Both the organic phase and the aqueous phase can be upgraded. As such, benzyl alcohol can be obtained with a high overall yield and a purity of more than 98%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of producing optically active alcohol having high optical purity by performing an enzyme conversion reaction on a raw material serving as the substrate, examples of which include racemic alcohol, ketone and the acylated form of a racemic alcohol, followed by hydrolysis as necessary, using as an optical separation catalyst a immobilized water-soluble protein extracted from inexpensive and safe grains or beans in order to solve the problems of the reaction process consisting of low yield due to the occurrence of side reactions, detrimental effects on the ecosystem and their accompanying cost burden, the need for aseptic procedures and the extended amount of time of subculturing, all of which are problems associated with production processes of optically active alcohols of the prior art that use microorganisms, microorganism enzymes, animal tissue enzymes and cultured plant cells.

Abstract: A method for purifying &bgr;-phenylethyl alcohol, comprising an extractive distillation process in which crude &bgr;-phenylethyl alcohol is extractive-distilled using an extraction solvent (A), and an extracting process in which the extraction solvent (A) after use in the extractive distillation process is extracted using other extraction solvent (B).

Abstract: The present invention relates to silica gel supported bis-cinchona alkaloid compounds of the formula: wherein Q is dihydroquininyl or dihydroquinindinyl; X is a compound having 4 carbon atoms; and R is methoxy, ethoxy or methyl; and methods of preparation and use thereof. The silica gel supported bis-cinchona alkaloid derivatives of this invention are useful re-useable catalysts for preparing vicinal diols by asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins.

Abstract: A method of recovering benzyl alcohol, gamma butyrolactone, or propylene carbonate from an impure effluent stream of an industrial process is provided. The effluent waste stream contains greater than about 10 percent by weight of monomeric units that are reacted to form larger oligomers and polymers. The first step in the recovery process involves polymerizing the monomeric units present in the effluent waste stream under conditions effective to reduce the concentration of monomeric units in the waste stream to less than about 10 weight percent. The waste stream then is fed to a first separation stage where it is separated into (i) a gaseous stream of water, soluble gases, and volatile contaminants and (ii) a suspension comprising the high boiling solvent, semi-volatile materials, and non-volatile contaminants and materials. Then the dewatered, low vapor pressure, high boiling solvent-containing suspension is either distilled or evaporated to separate the high boiling solvent from non-volatile materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a tandem process of reduction and host-guest complexation using metal-hydride complexes to reduce chemical entities bearing carbonyl groups or their equivalents, and host-guest complexation to achieve improved optical resolution of the reduction product. In the complexation step, the reduction product is optically resolved via inclusion into the crystalline complex where it resides as guest and another complex component acts as host. Additional crystallization stages are performed if further improvements in the enantiomeric excess is desired.

Abstract: A method of recovering solvents from an impure effluent stream of an industrial process. The effluent waste stream contains less than about 10 percent by weight of monomeric units that are reacted to form larger oligomers and polymers. The waste stream contains dissolved polymers, polymeric particles, and the hydrolysis, oxidation and/or other decomposition products of one of the solvents. In one embodiment, the first step involves filtering particulate matter from the waste stream. In another embodiment, the filtering step is omitted. The filtered or unfiltered waste stream is fed to a first separation stage for separation into (i) a gaseous stream of water, soluble gases, and volatile contaminants and (ii) a suspension comprising the solvent, water, semi-volatile and non-volatile contaminants, and photoresist products.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing a compound of the formula or the S-enantiomer thereof,wherein:R is alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, or cycloalkylalkyl,R.sup.1 is halogen;R.sup.2 is halogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or ##STR1## wherein the process comprises treating the associated racemic alcohol with an acylatingagent ##STR2## (wherein L is a leaving group) and an enzyme or microorganism capable of enantioselective acylation. This process may also be used to isolate the unreacted R- or S-alcohol. The acylated product may be enantioselectively hydrolyzed with a lipase or lipase-supplying microorganism to the S- or R-alcohol. Compounds prepared by this invention are useful antipsychotic agents or useful intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A process for producing optically active 2-halo-1-(substituted phenyl)ethanol of a formula (Ia) or optically active styrene oxide of a formula (Ib). The process comprises the steps of reacting a compound of a formula (II) with phthalic anhydride to give a compound of a formula (III), performing optical resolution on the resulting compound using an optically active organic amine as a resolving agent, and finally performing hydrolysis or alcoholysis on the optically resolved compound (Ia) or (Ib). The scheme of the above process is: wherein X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkoxy group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 2. The resulting optically active compounds are useful as an intermediate for medicines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extracting 2-phenylethanol, in which the 2-phenylethanol is extracted from the distillation residues obtained during the production of alcohol.

Abstract: A method for isolating phenethyl alcohol in high yield is provided by fermenting L-phenylalanine within a fermentation bath to provide phenethyl alcohol. The fermented phenethyl alcohol is then contacted with an ion-exchange resin to extract the phenethyl alcohol.

Abstract: A process for preparing low-salt preparations of condensation products based onA) sulphonated aromatics,B) aldehydes and/or ketones and optionallyC) one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of nonsulphonated aromatics, urea and urea derivatives,characterized in that inorganic acid present after the condensation is separated off in whole or in part from the condensation product, optionally in the form of its salts after neutralization, until the inorganic salt content is less than 10% by weight, relative to the preparation, leads to preparations which are outstandingly suitable as tanning agents, dispersants and liquefiers.

Abstract: A process for producing optically active 2-halo-1-(substituted phenyl)ethanol of a formula (Ia) or optically active styrene oxide of a formula (Ib). The process comprises the steps of reacting a compound of a formula (II) with phthalic anhydride to give a compound of a formula (III), performing optical resolution on the resulting compound using an optically active organic amine as a resolving agent, and finally performing hydrolysis or alcoholysis on the optically resolved compound (Ia) or (Ib). The scheme of the above process is: ##STR1## wherein X represents a halogen atom, Y represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkoxy group, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl group or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkoxy group, Z represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl group, n is 0 or an integer of 1 to 3 and m is 0 or an integer of 1 to 2. The resulting optically active compounds are useful as an intermediate for medicines.

Abstract: Immixture of stereoisomeric alcohols is resolved by selectively enzymatically acylating one of the stereoisomers thereof, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a hydrolase, for example a lipase, esterase or acylase, in a biphasic hydroorganic reaction medium, and thence separating the alcohol stereoisomer from the ester stereoisomer thus formed.

Abstract: The invention is for a process of removal of dissolved cation contaminants from a resin solution. The process of the invention involves providing a chelating ion exchange resin modified by treatment with an acid and contact of said solution with said modified exchange resin for a time sufficient to remove ionic metal impurities. The invention is useful for removal of ionic contaminants from resin solutions used in the preparation of photoresists.

Abstract: A process for producing an optically active alcohol having a phenyl group is disclosed, comprising the step of carrying out interesterification between (a) a monoester between a racemic alcohol having a phenyl group and a fatty acid or a diester between a racemic alcohol having a phenyl group and a dibasic acid and (b) an optically inactive non-racemic alcohol having 16 or more carbon atoms in the presence of heat-resistant lipase and in the absence of a solvent under a substantially water-free condition at a temperature of not lower than 81.degree. C. under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure and the step of separating an optically active alcohol having a phenyl group rich in either one of R- and S-forms from the reaction mixture. Use of heat-resistant lipase makes it possible to use high-melting point materials without using any solvent therefor and to perform interesterification at a high temperature thereby completing the reaction in a reduced time.

Abstract: A process is provided whereby phenol is separated from 1-phenyl ethanol, acetophenone or mixtures by extractive distillation with sulfolane as extractive distillation agent which decreases phenol volatility relative to 1-phenyl ethanol and acetophenone.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of metal ions and/or metal compounds in a polyoxyalkylene monool or polyol having a number average molecular weight of above 500-25000 by bringing the monool or polyol into contact with an extracting compound which is a polyol or a polyol mixture having a number average molecular weight of at most 500 and being immiscible with the polyoxyalkylene monool or polyol, mixing the extracting compound and the polyoxyalkylene monool or polyol, allowing the extracting compound and the polyoxyalkylene monool or polyol to separate and removing the extracting compound.

Abstract: A method of isolating, purifying and recrystallizing substantially pure lutein, preferably from saponified marigold oleoresin in its pure free form, apart from chemical impurities and other carotenoids. Lutein may be used as an analytical standard or in cancer prevention trials and as a safe and effective color additive for human food.

Abstract: A method of isolating, purifying and recrystallizing substantially pure lutein, preferably from saponified marigold oleoresin in its pure free form, apart from chemical impurities and other carotenoids. Lutein may be used as an analytical standard or in cancer prevention trials and as a safe and effective color additive for human food.

Abstract: A method of isolating, purifying and recrystallizing substantially pure lutein, preferably from saponified marigold oleoresin in its pure free form, apart from chemical impurities and other carotenoids. Lutein may be used as an analytical standard or in cancer prevention trials and as a safe and effective color additive for human food.