Abstract: A process for the reaction of an organic compound in the presence of a catalyst comprising, as active metal, ruthenium alone or together with at least one Group Ib, VIIb, or VIIIb metal in an amount of from 0.01 to 30 wt %, based on the total weight of the catalyst, applied to a support, wherein from 10 to 50% of the pore volume of the support comprises macropores having a pore diameter in the range of from 50 nm to 10,000 nm and from 50 to 90% of the pore volume of the support comprises mesopores having a pore diameter in the range of from 2 to 50 nm, the sum of said pore volumes being 100%, and said catalyst as such.

Abstract: Disclosed is the compound valiolone, which has the formula (I): ##STR1## a method of preparing valiolone, and a method of using valiolone to prepare acarbose and voglibose.

Abstract: The compound, (E)-(1R,3R)-5-[(R)-11-hydroxy-7,11-dimethyl-dodec-2-enylidene]-cyclohexane -1,3-diol of the formula I: ##STR1## is useful in the treatment or prevention of hyperproliferative skin diseases, particularly psoriasis, basal cell carcinomas, disorders of keratinization and keratosis; or for reversing the conditions associated with photodamage.

Abstract: Process for decomposing a mixture containing cycloalkylhydroperoxide, which mixture includes an organic phase and an aqueous phase wherein, during the decomposition, at least one compound is present which meets the following parameters:A>-0.5 and B>-1.0 (1)A and B being dependent on T.sub.b, .rho., n.sub.d, .epsilon..sub.r, .delta..sub.d, .delta..sub.p, .delta..sub.h, .delta., .mu. and E.sub.T(30), where T.sub.b is the normal boiling point (.degree. C.), .rho. is the density measured at 25.degree. C. (kg/m.sup.3), n.sub.d is the refractive index (-), .epsilon..sub.r is the relative dielectric constant (-), .delta..sub.d is the Hansen solubility parameter for a dispersion (MPa.sup.1/2), .delta..sub.p is the Hansen solubility parameter for polarity (MPa.sup.1/2), .delta..sub.h is the Hansen solubility parameter for hydrogen bridges (MPa.sup.1/2), .delta. is the Scatchard-Hildebrant solubility parameter (MPa.sup.1/2), .mu. is the dipole moment (Debey), and E.sub.

Abstract: To offer a method of producing useful para-menthane-3,8-diol having the excellent repellent action to harmful living things, including noxious insects, in high purity and high yield, simply, and economically by the use of citronellal as a raw material compound.The above-mentioned problems are resolved by the production method of this invention wherein citronellal is treated with aqueous sulfuric acid solution of 0.02 to 1.0 wt. % in concentration to produce para-menthane-3,8-diol. In case of recovering the produced para-menthane-3,8-diol, a method is preferably adopted, wherein after the reaction product is extracted with an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent of 5 to 8 in carbon number, the extract is cooled down at temperature higher than the melting point of said aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and of -10.degree. C. or less to crystallize para-menthane-3,8-diol.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of D-chiro-inositol from kasugamycin, comprising the steps of: (a) reacting kasugamycin with an acetylating agent to form a crude hexa-acetate intermediate; (b) purifying the crude intermediate to form purified hexa-acetate intermediate; (c) deacetylating the purified intermediate to form D-chiro-inositol; and (d) isolating the D-chiro-inositol. The method permits efficient, large-scale preparation of D-chiro-inositol without the need for extensive chromatographic purification of the final D-chiro-inositol product.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: ##STR1## wherein the dotted carbon-carbon bond in the D-ring is C--C or C.dbd.C; C(R,R) is CH.sub.2 or C.dbd.CH.sub.2,R.sup.1 is H, F or OH,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each independently C.sub.1-4 -alkyl or CF.sub.3, or together with the carbon to which they are bound form C.sub.3-6 -cycloalkyl.are useful in the treatment of vitamin D dependent disorders, such as psoriasis, leukemia; acne and seborrhoic dermatitis; osteoporosis hyperparathyroidism accompanying renal failure; and multiple sclerosis.

Abstract: A method of controlling weight in mammals by orally administering to the mammal an amount of a pharmaceutical composition containing Hypericum perforatum or active components thereof effective to control the weight of the mammal is described. The pharmaceutical composition also preferably further contains at least one thermogenic agent and at least one agent inhibiting lipogenesis. The at least one thermogenic agent includes one or more of N-acetyl-L-carnitine, cayenne extract, inositol hexanicotinate, niacin or salicin. The at least one agent inhibiting lipogenesis may be hydroxy citric acid. When the pharmaceutical composition includes Hypericum perforatum, at least one thermogenic agent and at least one agent inhibiting lipogenesis, the composition acts to control the weight of the mammal by simultaneously suppressing appetite, inducing thermogenesis and inhibiting lipogenesis.

Abstract: Provided herein are novel syntheses of the phosphate-based inositol derivatives 1-O-?(+)-menthoxycarbonyl!-6-O-benzyl-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-myo-inos itol (D4P), D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (D-IP.sub.3), 6-O-benzyl-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol H-phosphonate ((-)-3-HP) and L-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (L-IP.sub.3). These syntheses employ fewer column chromatography steps for the isolation of intermediates than do prior art syntheses, and hence, are more convenient, economical and efficient than are the previously known synthetic methods.

Abstract: An aqueous solution of kasugamycin or its salt is either mixed with a strongly acidic ion-exchange resin of the H.sup.+ -form in a reaction vessel, or is brought into contact with a strongly acidic ion-exchange resin of the H.sup.+ -form in a column containing said resin, followed by heating said aqueous solution and the resin under an atmospheric pressure or an elevated pressure, thereby to effect hydrolytic reaction of kasugamycin. By this reaction, an acidic reaction solution containing D-chiro-inositol is produced. This acidic reaction solution containing D-chiro-inositol is separated from the strongly acidic ion-exchange resin. Subsequently, D-chiro-inositol is recovered from the reaction solution. For this recovery, the acidic reaction solution is passed successively through a column of a strongly acidic ion-exchange resin of the H.sup.+ -form and through a column of a strongly basic ion exchange resin of the OH.sup.- -form, so that a neutral aqueous eluate containing D-chiro-inositol is obtained.

Abstract: A process for the removal of nitrogen-containing compounds from a hydrocarbon blend using a solvent with a liquid-phase density at 25.degree. C. not less than 0.90 g/cm.sup.3, and a Hansen polar solubility parameter .delta..sub.P, and a Hansen hydrogen bonding parameter .delta..sub.H, such that at 25.degree. C.9.0(Cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2 <(.delta..sub.P +.delta..sub.H)<28.0(Cal/cm.sup.3).sup.1/2.The process is useful for purifying feedstocks to catalytic conversion processes, particularly etherification processes used in the production of ether-rich additives for gasoline.

Abstract: There are described novel biocatalytic and chemical processes for the synthesis of various oxygenated compounds. Particularly, there are described processes for the synthesis of a useful synthon 12 made by reacting a protected diol (acetonide) with permaganate under appropriate conditions. Such synthon is useful of the synthesis of various pharmaceutically important compounds such as D-chiro-inositol and D-chiro-3-inosose. Also, there are disclosed novel compounds, including specifically the synthon 12 and compounds derived therefrom.

Abstract: There are described novel biocatalytic and chemical processes for the synthesis of various oxygenated compounds. Particularly, there are described processes for the synthesis of a useful synthon 12 made by reacting a protected diol (acetonide) with permaganate under appropriate conditions. Such synthon is useful of the synthesis of various pharmaceutically important compounds such as D-chiro-inositol and D-chiro-3-inosose. Also, there are disclosed novel compounds, including specifically the synthon 12 and compounds derived therefrom.

Abstract: The invention is drawn to a compound having the following formula ##STR1## in which X.sup.1 and X.sup.2, which may be the same or different, represent hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group, X.sup.4 is hydrogen, A is selected from --COOAlkyl and CH.sub.2 OH, and B is a hydroxy group, or A and B, when taken together, represent an oxo group. These compounds are useful as intermediates in the production of 19-nor vitamin D derivatives.

Abstract: Described is a process for recovering phytic acid or phytic acid salt from a medium in which it is contained. This process includes contacting the medium with a solid-phase free base polymer having tertiary amine functions to adsorb the phytic acid or salt thereof. In one preferred mode, the medium to be treated also contains lactic acid, and separate fractions predominant in (i) lactic acid and (ii) phytic acid or phytic acid salt, respectively, are recovered. Also described are preferred processes for treating mediums to recover lactic acid therefrom, and a favored process for obtaining inositol directly by hydrolyzing phytic acid or phytic acid salt while adsorbed on a pyridine-containing polymer.

Abstract: Osmium-catalyzed methods of addition to an olefin are discussed. In the method of asymmetric dihydroxylation of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, an oxidant and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric oxyamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, a metallochloramine derivative, an osmium-containing compound and, optionally, a tetraalkyl ammonium compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric diamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, a metallo-chloramine derivative, an amine and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In one embodiment, an olefin, a chiral ligand which is a polymeric dihydroquinidine derivative or a dihydroquinine derivative, acetone, water, a base, an oxidant and osmium tetroxide are combined to effect asymmetric dihydroxylation of the olefin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of D-chiroinositol from a dialdose, comprising the steps of condensing the dialdose by an acyloin condensation reaction to form an inosose, protecting the carbon atoms at the 2, 3, 4 and 5 positions, reducing the ketone of the inosose and removing the protecting groups. In addition, a method of preparing mannodialdose from mannuronic acid is disclosed.

Abstract: When a strong base anion exchange resin, such as a chloride-form strong base anion exchange resin, is conditioned with a low concentration of hydroxyl (for example, an NaOH solution with a concentration between 1 and 10 mM), the conditioned resin separates in, sit, Is from sugars and sugar alcohols, while still allowing ready desorption of the sugars from the resin. The feedstock is first passed over a column containing this conditioned resin, followed by a mobile phase solvent, preferably water. The inositols have a lower affinity for the treated resin than do the sugars and sugar alcohols in the feedstock, and therefore pass through the column more quickly. The process may economically be performed on industrial-scale inositol separations, particularly when used in a preferred simulated moving bed chromatographic system.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of D-chiro-inositol from kasugamycin, comprising the steps of:(a) reacting kasugamycin with an acetylating agent to form a crude hexa-acetate intermediate;(b) purifying the crude intermediate to form purified hexa-acetate intermediate;(c) deacetylating the purified intermediate to form D-chiro-inositol; and(d) isolating the D-chiro-inositol.The method permits efficient, large-scale preparation of D-chiro-inositol without the need for extensive chromatographic purification of the final D-chiro-inositol product.

Abstract: The invention relates to the synthesis of D-chiro-inositol from glucodialdose comprising the steps of condensing glucodialdose by a acylon condensation reaction, protecting the carbon atoms of the 1,2,5 and 6 position, epimerizing the protected carbon atom at position 5, reducing the ketone of the condensed compound and removing the protect groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of vicinal diols and/or epoxides by the oxidation of olefinically-unsaturated compounds with the use of an inorganic heptavalent rhenium compound as catalyst and of hydrogen peroxide as oxidation agent, wherein the reaction is carried out in a solvent selected from the group consisting of organic phosphoric acid esters and ethers with a boiling point above 50.degree. C. under atmospheric conditions.

Abstract: Multigram quantities of Ins(1,4,5) P.sub.3, Ins(1,3,4) P.sub.3, and Ins(1,3,4,5)P.sub.4 are prepared in their enantiomerically pure forms from the two enantiomers of 1,2:5,6-di-O-cyclohexylidene myo-inositol. Also, a facile enzymatic preparation is also described of these chiral precursors through enantiospecific deacylation of the corresponding racemic esters is disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to highly selective, heterogeneous hydrotalcite-type catalysts for the production of monoalkylene glycol by hydrolysis of the corresponding alkylene oxide. The invention also relates to method of preparing these catalysts using large organic anion spacers, and a process for producing monoalkylene glycol.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a method for the interconvertion of the enantiomers of acyclic 1,2-dihydroxy-3-alkenes or for converting either enantiomer of acylic 1,2-dihydroxy-3-alkenes to the corresponding antipodal 1-hydroxy-2-alkoxy-3-alkene compounds has been discovered, comprising reacting in an acidic reaction media either enantiomer of an acylic vinyl epoxide (which can be derived from the corresponding acyclic 1,2-dihydroxy-3-alkene) with water, alcohol, or a mixture thereof. When substantially optically pure acyclic vinyl epoxide compounds are employed in the inventive method, the interconverted acyclic 1,2-dihydroxy-3-alkene or 1-hydroxy-2-alkoxy-3-alkene compound products are also substantially optically pure.

Abstract: Phosphatidylinositol of high purity useful for the treatment of central nervous system disorders, prepared from vegetal substances containing it by treating them with reagents suitable for the functionalization of the inositol hydroxy group with protective groups, separating the thus protected phosphatidylinositol by solvent extraction or chromatography, and finally removing said protective groups under conditions which do not modify the phosphatidyl group.

Abstract: A process is provided for the conversion of an olefin to the corresponding glycol wherein a mixture of olefin, oxygen, carbon dioxide and water is reacted in a solvent at supercritical conditions with respect to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Osmium-catalyzed methods of addition to an olefin are discussed. In the method of asymmetric dihydroxylation of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, an oxidant and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric oxyamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, water, a metallo-chloramine derivative, an osmium-containing compound and, optionally, a tetraalkyl ammonium compound are combined. In the method of asymmetric diamination of the present invention, an olefin, a chiral ligand, an organic solvent, a metallo-chloramine derivative, an amine and an osmium-containing compound are combined. In one embodiment, an olefin, a chiral ligand which is a polymeric dihydroquinidine derivative or a dihydroquinine derivative, acetone, water, a base, an oxidant and osmium tetroxide are combined to effect asymmetric dihydroxylation of the olefin.

Abstract: A method of purifying cyclitols, particularly inositol, from mixtures including simple and complex carbohydrates begins by reducing the concentration of carbohydates other than cyclitols to facilitate separation and crystallization of the cyclitol in high purity. This separation can be achieved by separating carbohydrates on a chromatographic column then concentrating and crystallizing cyclitol from selected fractions.

Abstract: Kasugamycin has been recognized to be a source from which D-chiro-inositol can be easily obtained at low cost and high yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active alcohol is disclosed, which comprises asymmetrically hydrogenating a carbonyl compound in the presence of a ruthenium-optically active phosphine complex as a catalyst. The resulting alcohol has high optical purity.

Abstract: The instant invention is an improvement in the method of producing optically pure sterioisomers from a racemic mixture. The method is based on the well-known fact that a supersaturated solution or melt of the racemic mixture can be seeded with just the crystals of the desired stereoisomer, which will then crystallize out selectively, leaving the undesired stereoisomer behind in the liquid mother liquor. The desired isomer, in crystaline form, can then be separated by simple liquid/solid separation from the undesired isomer remaining behind in the mother liquor. In the conventional method, supersaturation is achieved by careful cooling of a saturated solution or melt. In the present invention, supersaturation is achieved by increasing the ambient pressure over the saturated solution or melt of the racemic mixture, and relying on the fact that the melting temperature of a substance increases with increasing pressure, provided there is an increase in molar volume when the substance melts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for recovering sugar, sugar alcohol and organic acids comprising citric, malic and quinic acids from a juice extracted from almond hulls. Residues from the extraction is also recovered.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol cycle in a cell by contacting the cell with certain myo-inositol analogs. Such myo-inositol analogs can also be utilized to treat phosphatidylinositol cycle-dependent conditions. The present invention also provides novel myo-inositol analogs.

Abstract: A composition for use in synthesis reactions comprises a mixture of an organolithium compound and an inert inorganic pulverulent carrier and consists of methyllithium and ethyllithium, one or more of the group consisting of SiO.sub.2, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, CaO and synthetic anhydrous aluminosilicate, and paraffin. That composition is flowable and non-pyrophoric.

Abstract: Alkylene glycols are produced by the reaction of alkylene oxide with water in the presence of a metalate-containing solid wherein the metalate is in association with electropositive complexing sites on a solid support such as an anion exchange resin.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic hydrolysis of alkylene oxide to alkylene glycol using a hydrothermally stable, mixed metal framework catalyst composition selected from(a) material having the formulaM.sub.x.sup.2+ Q.sub.y.sup.3+ (OH) 2x+3y-nz A.sub.z.sup.n-. a 1 H.sub.2 O (I)wherein M is at least one divalent metal cation; Q is at least one trivalent metal cation; and A is at least one anion providing a valence (n.sup.31), wherein n is at least 1, and wherein a is a positive number, M, Q, and A are provided in a proportion such that x/y is a number equal to or greater than 1, z has a value greater than zero and 2x+3y-nz is a positive number, and M, Q and A are selected to provide a layered structure, and(b) material prepared by calcining the material of formula (I) having the formulaM.sub.x.sup.2+ Q.sub.y.sup.3+ (O).sub.(2x+3y-nz)/2D.sub.z.sup.n-(II)wherein M, Q, x, y, z and n have the same meanings defined above in connection with formula (I) and D is at least one nonvolatile anion.

Abstract: Disclosed are catalyst compositions comprised of chemically-mixed, copper-titanium oxides and the use of such catalyst compositions in the hydrogenation of certain esters to obtain the alcohol corresponding to the acid residue of the ester.

Abstract: A process for preparing an optically active alcohol is disclosed, which comprises asymmetrically hydrogenating a 1,3-diketone in the presence of a ruthenium-optically active phosphine complex as a catalyst. The resulting alcohol has high optical purity.

Abstract: Process for the hydrogenation of bis-phenols by reacting bis-phenols with hydrogen in the presence of a catalytic system consisting of palladium supported on activated carbon.

Abstract: A method for the continuous saponification of epoxides with 3-8 carbon atoms at low pressures, preferably atmospheric pressure, and low boiling temperatures with small amounts of water. Yields and selectivities are very high.

Abstract: The process for the liquid-phase hydration of a vicinal alkylene oxide(s) to the corresponding alkylene glycol(s) comprising carrying out such hydration in an aqueous medium containing a water miscible alkylene glycol ether co-solvent.

Abstract: Novel substituted cis-1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene compounds, useful as intermediates in the production of phenols and catechols for use as intermediates in the production of drugs, herbicides, insecticides and as chiral synthons, in particular cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-cyclohexa-3,5-diene. A process for producing the novel compounds is also claimed.

Abstract: Composition consisting of from less than 100% to more than about 80% of trans-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-hexan-3-ol and a definite amount, but not more than about 20%, of cis-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexyl)-hexan-3-ol.Process for preparing same from .beta.-cyclocitral via a three-, optionally, four-step pathway.Utilization of the said composition as effective perfume ingredient.

Abstract: An improved process for the hydrolysis of alkylene oxide to produce alkylene glycol which comprises:(a) reacting alkylene oxide and water in the presence of a selectivity-enhancing metalate-containing solid until about 90-95% of the alkylene oxide is converted to alkylene glycol; and(b) completing the hydrolysis reaction of (a) in the absence of the selectivity-enhancing metalate-containing solid.

Abstract: Aliphatic or cyclic epoxides containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms which are present in aromatic hydrocarbons or halohydrocarbons are saponified continuously and directly to vicinal diols without the use of high temperatures and pressures which would otherwise be necessary. The saponification is acid catalyzed.

Abstract: Hydrolysis of olefin oxides to their corresponding glycols was catalyzed by a steam stable zeolite, in its acid form, characterized by a constraint index within the range of about 1 to 12. Conversions of olefin oxide, in the presence of water, proceeded with minimal catalyst degradation. The acidity of the zeolite enabled the use of milder conditions than generally applied for this hydrolysis with no loss of desired selectivity. In addition, the described procedure offered the advantages typically associated with a heterogeneous catalyst (e.g., ease of separation, use of fixed bed reactor, etc.).

Abstract: Described are the 1-methyl-2(2-methylbutyl) cyclohexanol derivatives defined according to the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen, MgCl, MgBr, lithium or acetyl; and uses of such 1-methyl-2(2-methylbutyl) cyclohexanol derivatives where R is hydrogen or acetyl for their organoleptic properties in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes or perfumed articles. Also described is the process for preparing such 1-methyl-2(2-methylbutyl) cyclohexanol derivatives including the reactions: ##STR2## wherein the latter reaction takes place using a methane sulfonic acid catalyst.

Abstract: An epoxide is isomerized in the liquid phase in the presence of a solid alumina catalyst and preferably an inert gaseous diluent, the isomerization conducted in the downflow mode.

Abstract: Alkylene oxides are hydrolyzed in a reaction menstruum containing an aqueous phase, a water-immiscible liquid phase, and a selectivity-enhancing, dissociatable metalate anion-containing material. The concentration of the metalate anion-containing material is greater in the water-immiscible liquid phase than that in the aqueous phase. The water-immiscible liquid phase can be separated from the aqueous phase to recover metalate anion-containing material.

Abstract: Novel substituted cis-1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexa-3,5-diene compounds, useful as intermediates in the production of phenols and catechols for use as intermediates in the production of drugs, herbicides, insecticides and as chiral synthons, in particular cis-1,2-dihydroxy-3-trifluoromethyl-cyclohexa-3,5-diene. A process for producing the novel compounds is also claimed.