By Reduction (e.g., By Hydrogenation, Etc.) Patents (Class 568/884)
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Patent number: 6548717Abstract: A process for making branched, substantially unsaturated fatty alcohols involving: (a) providing a C16-22 fatty acid; (b) dimerizing the C16-22 fatty acid to form a monomer fraction containing branched, substantially unsaturated fatty acids; (c) removing the monomer fraction; (d) esterifying the branched, substantially unsaturated fatty acids contained in the monomer fraction into branched, substantially unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters; and (e) hydrogenating the branched, substantially unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters with their double bonds intact, to form the branched, substantially unsaturated fatty alcohols.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 2000Date of Patent: April 15, 2003Assignee: Cognis Deutschland GmbH & Co. KGInventors: Alfred Westfechtel, Norbert Huebner, Lothar Friesenhagen, Gerrit Pelzer, Norbert Klein, Ansgar Behler, Thomas B. Downing, Steven A. Kennedy, C. William Blewett
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Patent number: 6531635Abstract: Processes for the preparation of 3-alkoxyalkanols useful as solvents for coating materials, photoresists, or the like.Type: GrantFiled: November 19, 2001Date of Patent: March 11, 2003Assignee: Idemitsu Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.Inventors: Toshihide Yoshitome, Hiroshi Kawasaki, Naoya Kawano
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Publication number: 20030013930Abstract: A production process and a catalyst are provided, which can be less decreased in activity of the catalyst even when CO2, water and the like are present in the starting material and/or the reaction system, and which can produce a formic ester or a methanol at a low temperature and a low pressure.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 25, 2001Publication date: January 16, 2003Inventors: Kaoru Fujimoto, Noritatsu Tsubaki, Kenichiro Fujimoto
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Publication number: 20020037932Abstract: Unsaturated palm oil fatty alcohols with an iodine number in the range from 65 to 85, which contain substantially unsaturated fatty alcohols and mixtures of saturated fatty alcohols of the formula (I):Type: ApplicationFiled: June 12, 2001Publication date: March 28, 2002Inventors: Stephan Heck, Norbert Klein, Horst-Dieter Komp, Christiane Boehr, Norbert Huebner, Alfred Westfechtel
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Publication number: 20020019574Abstract: A process for producing alcohols, to obtain a straight-chain alcohol having a carbon number of n (where n=3 to 6), a branched chain alcohol having a carbon number of n (where n=3 to 6) and a branched chain alcohol having a carbon number of 2n (where n=3 to 6) from a mixed aldehyde comprising a straight-chain aldehyde having a carbon number of n (where n=3 to 6) and a branched chain aldehyde having a carbon number of n (where n=3 to 6) in an optional proportion, which comprises supplying the mixed aldehyde to a distillation column, withdrawing from the bottom of the column an aldehyde rich in the straight-chain aldehyde, dimerizing the straight-chain aldehyde, followed by hydrogenation to obtain the branched chain alcohol having a carbon number of 2n, while obtaining, as a fraction from the top of the column, an aldehyde rich in the branched chain aldehyde and having a straight-chain aldehyde concentration in the fraction of at least 30 wt %, subjecting the fraction to hydrogType: ApplicationFiled: May 20, 1999Publication date: February 14, 2002Inventors: AKIO UEDA, ATSUHIRO ADACHI
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Patent number: 6331657Abstract: A process for preparing higher oxo alcohols from mixtures of isomeric olefins having from 5 to 24 carbon atoms by two-stage hydroformylation in the presence of a cobalt catalyst or rhodium catalyst at elevated temperature and at elevated pressure, which comprises selectively hydrogenating the first hydroformylation stage reaction mixture, separating the hydrogenation mixture in a distillation into crude alcohol and low-boilers predominantly consisting of olefins, passing these low-boilers to the second hydroformylation stage, again selectively hydrogenating the second hydroformylation stage reaction mixture, separating the hydrogenation mixture in one distillation into crude alcohol and low-boilers, working up the crude alcohol by distillation to pure alcohol and taking off at least some of the low-boilers to discharge saturated hydrocarbons.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1999Date of Patent: December 18, 2001Assignee: Oxeno Olefinchemie GmbHInventors: Alfred Kaizik, Bernhard Scholz, Walter Toetsch, Wilfried Bueschken, Franz Nierlich
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Publication number: 20010034464Abstract: A reductive system including a silane, preferably PMHS, and an active zinc compound, which is monomeric and not a hydride, wherein a reduction of a carbonyl substrate to a corresponding alcohol is achievable.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 6, 2001Publication date: October 25, 2001Applicant: FIRMENICH SAInventor: Hubert Mimoun
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Patent number: 6239318Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the selective hydrogenation of reaction mixtures from the hydroformylation of C5 to C24 olefins using hydrogen and a supported catalyst which, as active components, comprises copper, nickel and chromium.Type: GrantFiled: September 15, 1999Date of Patent: May 29, 2001Assignee: Oxeno Olefinchemie GmbHInventors: Joachim Schuler, Alfred Kaizik, Bernhard Scholz, Wilfried Bueschken, Wilhelm Droste
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Patent number: 6232512Abstract: Reduction in the content of acetals or ketone acetals in a reaction mixture containing at least 10 moles alcohol per mole acetal or ketone acetal can be achieved hydrogenolytically when the reaction mixture is hydrogenated at 80° to 250° C. at a hydrogen partial pressure of 0.5 to 30 MPa in the presence of activated carbon charged with noble metal as catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: August 31, 1999Date of Patent: May 15, 2001Assignee: Degussa-Huls AGInventors: Thomas Haas, Bernd Jäger, Jörg Sauer, Rudolf Vanheertum
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Patent number: 6229056Abstract: The proposal is for unsaturated fatty substances with improved cold behavior obtained by (a) transesterifying a new low stearic (LS) sunflower oil with an oleic acid content of over 85 wt. % and a stearic acid content of under 3 wt. %, and (b) hydrogenating the resultant methyl esters in the prior art manner into the corresponding unsaturated fatty alcohols in the iodine number range from 90 to 100. The fatty substances are also distinguished by improved color and odor and are suitable for making fatty chemical products, e.g. alkoxylates, ether sulphates, sulphates and esters.Type: GrantFiled: May 8, 1997Date of Patent: May 8, 2001Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Achim Ansmann, Guenther Demmering, Georg Assmann, Fritz Schuster, Alfred Westfechtel, Michael Koehler
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Patent number: 6187974Abstract: A process is provided for producing unsaturated fatty alcohols from lauric oils, and includes (a) ester interchange of the deacidified lauric oils with methanol to obtain the overall fatty acid methyl ester mixture; (b) fractionation of the fatty acid methyl ester mixture into a C12-C16-methyl ester (ME) fraction to be used for saturated fatty alcohols, and a C18-ME fraction containing the nearly complete proportion of the unsaturated methyl esters (ME); (c) winterization of the C18-ME fraction in order to separate out the saturated C18-ME component; (d) selective hydrogenation of the unsaturated winterized C18-ME fraction to unsaturated fatty alcohols with an iodine number between 90 and 100; and (e) purifying the crude unsaturated fatty alcohols by distillation.Type: GrantFiled: March 4, 1999Date of Patent: February 13, 2001Assignee: DHW Deutsche Hydrierwerke GmbH RodlebenInventors: Frank Wieczorek, Gerhard Konetzke, Ekkehard Seifert
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Patent number: 5917097Abstract: A process for producing unsaturated fatty compounds having improved low-temperature properties bya) splitting lauric oils into fatty acids and glycerol,b) subjecting the fatty acids to fractional crystallization to obtain a fraction of unsaturated fatty acids, andc) hydrogenating the unsaturated fatty acids, optionally after converting the unsaturated fatty acids into their lower alkyl esters, to form unsaturated fatty alcohols having an iodine value of from about 85 to about 100.Type: GrantFiled: June 10, 1997Date of Patent: June 29, 1999Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Michael Koehler, Alfred Westfechtel, Guenter Demmering, Horst-Dieter Komp, Christiane Boehr, Achim Ansmann, Udo Steinberner
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Patent number: 5481048Abstract: A copper-containing hydrogenation reaction catalyst is prepared by reducing a precursor of a copper-containing catalyst usable in hydrogenation reaction with hydrogen gas or a mixture of hydrogen and an inert gas by liquid phase reduction in a stream of a solvent in the temperature range of from 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. An alcohol is produced using the catalyst thus obtained in a fixed bed continuous reaction system.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1994Date of Patent: January 2, 1996Assignee: Kao CorporationInventors: Kiyoshi Tsukada, Yasuyuki Hattori, Taku Mimura
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Patent number: 5475160Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the direct hydrogenation of triglycerides which comprises contacting and reacting one or more triglyceride with hydrogen under liquid phase hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper compound, a zinc compound, at least one rare earth compound, and, optionally, a compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1994Date of Patent: December 12, 1995Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: David M. Singleton, Brendan D. Murray
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Patent number: 5475159Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the direct hydrogenation of methyl esters which comprises contacting and reacting one or more detergent range methyl esters with hydrogen under predominantly liquid phase hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper compound, a zinc compound, and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zirconium, magnesium, a rare earth and mixtures thereof.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1994Date of Patent: December 12, 1995Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: David M. Singleton, Brendan D. Murray
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Patent number: 5463143Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the direct hydrogenation of wax esters which comprises contacting and reacting a wax ester with hydrogen under liquid phase hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a copper compound, a zinc compound, and at least one rare earth compound.Type: GrantFiled: November 7, 1994Date of Patent: October 31, 1995Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: David M. Singleton, Brendan D. Murray
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Patent number: 5324871Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hydrogenation of native fats, oils and fat derivatives, such as fatty acids and fatty acid esters, to fatty alcohols in a fixed-bed reactor, more particularly in co-current, hydrogen being recirculated in a stoichiometric excess, more particularly in an excess of 10 to 100 fold, and the fat, oil or fat derivative passing through the reactor only once. To minimize the specific hydrogen demand without having to accept significant losses in regard to specific reactor load, product selectivity and catalyst life, the hydrogen is passed successively through at least two fixed-bed reactors 4,10 without the gas issuing from the reactors 4 and entering the following reactors 10 being cooled and the fat, oil or fat derivative is simultaneously introduced into the reactors 4,10.Type: GrantFiled: October 21, 1992Date of Patent: June 28, 1994Assignee: Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf AktienInventors: Franz-Josef Carduck, Gerd Goebel, Theo Fleckenstein, Udo Kreutzer, Guenther Demmering
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Patent number: 5254743Abstract: Solid solutions of a class of divalent metal oxides and a class of trivalent metal oxides resulting from calcination of layered double hydroxides related to hydrotalcite have been prepared with a surface area in excess of 150 m.sup.2 /g. Such high surface area materials are found to be quite effective in the aldol condensation of aldehydes and ketones, and in particular in the conversion of n-butyraldehyde to 2-ethyl-2-hexenal in high yield and with good selectivity in a liquid phase reaction at temperatures under about 200.degree. C. Variants can be devised where the aldol condensation product, an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone, is concurrently reduced to the saturated alcohol under process conditions.Type: GrantFiled: December 9, 1992Date of Patent: October 19, 1993Assignee: UOPInventors: Jennifer S. Holmgren, Blaise J. Arena
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Patent number: 5243095Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to a catalyst in powdered form comprising the oxides of copper, iron, aluminum and manganese wherein the atomic ratio of copper to iron is at least 1:1. In another embodiment, the invention relates to a process for preparing such hydrogenation catalysts which comprises the steps of(A) preparing a first aqueous solution containing at least one water-soluble copper salt, at least one water-soluble iron salt, and at least one water-soluble manganese salt;(B) preparing a second solution containing at least one water-soluble basic aluminum salt and at least one alkaline precipitating agent;(C) mixing the first and second solutions wherein an insoluble solid is formed;(D) recovering the soluble solid; and(E) calcining the recovered solid to form the desired catalyst.The invention also relates to a process for hydrogenating aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid esters.Type: GrantFiled: April 24, 1992Date of Patent: September 7, 1993Assignee: Engelhard CorporationInventors: Brian D. Roberts, Deepak S. Thakur, Thomas J. Sullivan, Robert A. Plundo
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Patent number: 5220020Abstract: A process is provided whereby organic carbonyl substrates, including esters, lactones, ketones, amides and imides are reduced in a reaction with a silane reducing reagent and a catalyst. Exemplary catalysts include metal alkoxides and metal aryloxides.Type: GrantFiled: November 14, 1991Date of Patent: June 15, 1993Assignee: Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyInventors: Stephen L. Buchwald, Alberto Gutierrez, Scott C. Berk, Kristina A. Kreutzer
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Patent number: 5214220Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of an alcohol by hydrogenation of an aldehyde at elevated temperature and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a homogeneous catalytic system comprising a source of a Group VIII metal compound and a bidentate phosphine.Type: GrantFiled: August 10, 1992Date of Patent: May 25, 1993Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventor: Eit Drent
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Patent number: 5196601Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for producing an alcohol or an amine by reducing a compound having a formyl, keto, nitro, oxirane, ester, nitrile, amide or halogenated carboxyl group with an alkali metal boro-hydride in the presence of a compound having a hydroxyl group and ether linkage. According to the present invention, a functional group having a great steric hindrance can be reduced, and a corresponding alcohol or amine can efficiently be produced under very mild conditions on an industrial scale.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1992Date of Patent: March 23, 1993Assignee: Kao CorporationInventors: Tomohito Kitsuki, Yoshiaki Fujikura
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Patent number: 5072057Abstract: A catalytic process for the hydroformylation of olefinic, sulfur containing thermally cracked petroleum streams to produce aldehydes and/or alcohols is disclosed. The catalysts are homogeneous transition metal carbonyl complexes. Especially preferred catalysts for low and medium pressure hydroformylation are cobalt and rhodium carbonyl hydride complexes in which some of the carbonyl ligands have been replaced by trivalent phosphorus ligands. In a preferred high pressure hydroformylation, the sulfur-containing naphtha and gas oil distillate feeds are produced from vacuum residua by high temperature thermal cracking. Such feeds contain more than 20% olefins with 1-n-olefins as the single major types. These olefin components are hydroformylated in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl complex to produce a novel type of semilinear aldehyde and/or alcohol product containing an average of less than one alkyl branch per molecule.Type: GrantFiled: January 22, 1991Date of Patent: December 10, 1991Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Alexis A. Oswald, Ram N. Bhatia, Edmund J. Mozeleski, Alexandr P. Glivicky, Barry G. Brueggeman, John R. Hooton, Charles M. Smith
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Patent number: 5030771Abstract: A method of producing aliphatic and cycloaliphatic diols by catalytic hydrogenation of dicarboxylic acid esters by the use of a copper chromite catalyst in which the copper content (calculated as CuO) is 40-47 wt. %, and the chromium content (calculated as Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3) is 40-47 wt. %, and barium is also present in the amount of up to 10 wt. % (calculated as BaO) under mild temperature and pressure conditions is disclosed. The method produces diols without the formation of high boiling materials and does not require purification of the product diols by overhead distillation.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1989Date of Patent: July 9, 1991Assignee: Huels AktiengesellschaftInventors: Werner Fuhrmann, Gunther Bub, Manfred zur Hausen
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Patent number: 5004844Abstract: A process for the preparation of a primary or secondary alcohol, which comprises hydrogenating respectively an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a platinum compound, an acid having a pKa in the range from about 2 to about 10.5 and a phosphorus compound of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 POH, wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents an alkyl group or a phenyl group, at a temperature in the range from about 20.degree. to about 150.degree. C. and at a pressure in the range from about 1 to about 100 bar.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 1989Date of Patent: April 2, 1991Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventors: Petrus W. N. M. Van Leeuwen, Cornelis F. Roobeek
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Patent number: 4866181Abstract: A process for preparing optically active alcohols by reducing ketones using mono- or diisopinocampheylhaloboranes as reducing agents.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 1987Date of Patent: September 12, 1989Assignee: Aldrich-Boranes, Inc.Inventor: Herbert C. Brown
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Patent number: 4526993Abstract: Conjugated dienols for providing cure sites to air-drying acrylic finishes are prepared from conjugated dienoic acids by conversion to an activated ester followed by sodium borohydride reduction thereof.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1982Date of Patent: July 2, 1985Assignee: E. I. Du Pont de Nemours and CompanyInventor: Chaucer C. Tang
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Patent number: 4524225Abstract: Several materials, suitable as carriers or supports for zerovalent metals dispersed thereon have been found to be appreciably more corrosion resistant in the environment of organic acids than are conventional supports, among which are included alpha-alumina, theta-alumina, titanated alumina, titania, and aluminum phosphate. The discovery of such corrosion resistant supports permits a continuous process for the hydrogenation of a fatty acid to its fatty alcohol using a fixed catalyst bed of a zerovalent metal dispersed on a carrier of this invention.Type: GrantFiled: December 14, 1983Date of Patent: June 18, 1985Assignee: UOP Inc.Inventors: Gail M. Qualeatti, Bruce I. Rosen, Blaise J. Arena, Dalia Germanas
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Patent number: 4510340Abstract: Described is a mixture of vinyl alkanols produced by carrying out an oxo reaction on pinene and then carrying out an oldol condensation with the reaction product. The resulting products are useful as favoring and perfumery.Type: GrantFiled: May 20, 1983Date of Patent: April 9, 1985Assignee: International Flavors & Fragrances, Inc.Inventors: Braja D. Mookherjee, Robert W. Trenkle, Robin K. Wolff, Richard M. Boden, Takao Yoshida
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Patent number: 4447661Abstract: In a process for producing an alcohol by hydroformylation comprises reacting a straight chained, branched or alicyclic mono-olefin having from 3 to 20 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to form an alcohol having carbon atoms greater in number by one than the carbon atoms of the mono-olefin, the improvement comprises(a) a fist step in which the mono-olefin is hydroformylated with use of a cobalt catalyst in the presence of a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen at a high temperature under high pressure to selectively form an aldehyde at a conversion of the mono-olefin being from 50 to 95 mol % while suppressing the formation of an alcohol, and the cobalt catalyst is then removed from the unreacted olefin and the formed aldehyde by decomposition or extraction, and(b) a second step in which the mixture of the unreacted mono-olefin and the formed aldehyde freed from the cobalt catalyst in the first step is reacted with a gas mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with use of a cobalt organophoType: GrantFiled: September 7, 1982Date of Patent: May 8, 1984Assignee: Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd.Inventors: Satoshi Hoshiyama, Hiroyuki Muto, Shuzo Shinke, Kanji Otsuka, Shinichiro Takigawa, Hiroyuki Yamazaki
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Patent number: 4438286Abstract: A novel substituted diene alcohol represented by a general formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents a group of the formula ##STR2## and a process for the preparation thereof wherein a lower alkoxycarbonyl group of a substituted diene carboxylic acid ester having an E configuration obtained by the treatment of a chrysanthemic acid ester with Bronsted acid or a substituted diene carboxylic acid ester having a Z configuration obtained by the thermal cleavage of a chrysanthemic acid ester is reduced to methylol derivative.Type: GrantFiled: October 8, 1982Date of Patent: March 20, 1984Assignee: Sumitomo Chemical Company, LimitedInventors: Gohfu Suzukamo, Mitsuhisa Tamura, Masami Fukao
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Patent number: 4367346Abstract: This invention is concerned with the preparation of long-chain carboxylic acids and alcohols from cyclododecanone and acyl chlorides. More specifically, this invention relates to a process for the preparation of 1-triacontanol, CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.28 CH.sub.2 OH. Triacontanol acts as a growth stimulant on a wide range of plants to increase dry weight gains, water uptake, water use efficiency and protein synthesis in treated plants.Type: GrantFiled: April 23, 1981Date of Patent: January 4, 1983Assignee: The Goodyear Tire & Rubber CompanyInventor: Dane K. Parker
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.beta., .gamma.-Dihydropolyprenyl alcohol and hypotensive pharmaceutical composition containing same
Patent number: 4325974Abstract: .beta., .gamma.-Dihydropolyprenyl alcohols of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n represents an integer of 8 to 10, exhibit hypotensive activity and anti-hepatic disease-activity.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1979Date of Patent: April 20, 1982Assignee: Eisai Co., Ltd.Inventors: Isao Yamatsu, Shinya Abe, Yuichi Inai, Toshiji Igarashi, Yoshikage Nakajima -
Patent number: 4314942Abstract: An improved synthetic process for the removal of an allyl group in an allylic ester or an allyloxycarbonyl group in an allylic carbonate or carbamate by reaction with 2-ethylhexanoic acid or an alkali metal salt thereof and a catalytic amount of an organic-soluble palladium complex is disclosed herein.Type: GrantFiled: January 10, 1979Date of Patent: February 9, 1982Assignee: Schering CorporationInventor: Stuart W. McCombie
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Patent number: 4273931Abstract: There is disclosed the reduction of alkyl esters of carbonic-carboxylic acid anhydrides at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of platinum group metal catalysts, especially palladium on activated carbon, to make alcohols. Novel alkyl esters of carbonic-carboxylic acid anhydrides are disclosed, and can be used to make the corresponding alcohols, e.g., substituted benzyl alcohols. The alcohols can be converted to the corresponding halo, e.g., chloro, compounds. The substituted benzyl halides can be reacted with di(lower alkoxy)propionitriles, and the resulting 5-benzyl pyrimidines such as trimethoprim, 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-pyrimidine, which is a known anti-bacterial agent, are especially useful in combination with sulfa drugs such as sulfamethoxazole.Type: GrantFiled: December 20, 1979Date of Patent: June 16, 1981Assignee: Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano, S.p.A.Inventors: Aldo Garzia, Giorgio Vittadini, Andrea Bottazzi, Domenico Pelagalli, Costantino Coccoli
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Patent number: 4198532Abstract: Alcohols having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-propyl or 3-hydroxy-butyl, perfume compositions containing same and processes and intermediates involving same are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: July 25, 1978Date of Patent: April 15, 1980Assignee: Givaudan CorporationInventor: Paul A. Ochsner
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Patent number: 4189615Abstract: Esters are treated with alkali metal borohydride to produce alcohols. Substantially constant boiling admixtures of: methanol/methyl heptafluorobutyrate, water/1,1-dihydroheptafluorobutanol, and water/methyl heptafluorobutyrate are described.Type: GrantFiled: December 21, 1978Date of Patent: February 19, 1980Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: William V. Childs
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Patent number: 4167641Abstract: The process for the preparation of long-chain carboxylic acids which can be readily converted to alcohols. Shorter chain acids are converted to the acid chloride which may be further purified. The acid chloride is mixed with an enamine and a hindered tertiary amine in an organic solvent and then acidified to form the beta-diketone after washing the organic phase and removal of the solvent. The beta-diketone is reacted with an inorganic hydroxide or alkali metal alkoxide and acidified to produce the keto acid which can be readily converted to the respective aliphatic acid and alcohol.Type: GrantFiled: September 1, 1978Date of Patent: September 11, 1979Inventor: Andrew J. Welebir
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Patent number: 4158637Abstract: Hydrocarbons are formed of coal and water. The water is converted or dissociated separately into hydrogen and oxygen in a first chemical reactor by thermochemical and/or electrolytic processing. The resulting hydrogen is then reacted with the coal in a second reactor to produce the hydrocarbons. Residual carbon from the second reactor is reacted in a third reactor with oxygen derived from the first reactor to produce carbon monoxide. The carbon monoxide is reacted with residual hydrogen from the second reactor or hydrogen from the first reactor to produce additional hydrocarbons. The energy for the endothermic and/or electrolytic processing in the reactors and for auxiliary equipment of the apparatus is supplied by a very high-temperature, gas-cooled, nuclear reactor by heat interchange with the cooling gas, helium. The cooling gas operates through heat-exchange means which isolates the cooling gas from the processing apparatus.Type: GrantFiled: April 30, 1976Date of Patent: June 19, 1979Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp.Inventor: Andrew R. Jones
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Patent number: 4088666Abstract: This invention relates to the use of chelated lithium hydridoaluminates or hydridoborates in hydride reductions of organic and inorganic substrates. Novel or improved reductions are obtained at increased rates or selectivities in hydrocarbon media.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 1977Date of Patent: May 9, 1978Assignee: Exxon Research & Engineering Co.Inventors: Arthur W. Langer, Jr., Thomas A. Whitney