Abstract: This invention provides a method for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which is a precursor of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, in two or three reaction steps, using at least one chlorine-containing compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2,3-pentachloropropane, 2,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane, and 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene as a starting material, the reaction products of at least two of the steps being supplied to the same distillation apparatus to subject the products to a separation operation simultaneously. With this method, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene or 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, which is a precursor of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, can be efficiently produced with reduced energy and equipment costs in an economically advantageous manner.

Abstract: In the production of fluorine-containing olefins using a chlorine-containing alkane or a chlorine-containing alkene as a starting material, a process for producing a plurality of useful fluorine-containing olefins with high selectivity using the same raw material, the same equipment, and the same conditions is provided. The present invention provides a process for producing fluorine-containing olefins, the process comprising reacting a chlorine-containing compound represented by a specific formula and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in the presence of oxidative gas and a fluorination catalyst, wherein the fluorination catalyst is a catalyst in which at least one metal element M selected from the group consisting of Group VIII and Group IX is present together with chromium. This production process can simultaneously produce two or more fluorine-containing olefin compounds, including HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze, with high selectivity.

Abstract: Provided are liquid crystal compounds and mixtures incorporating the same. The liquid crystal compounds of the invention generally comprise a cyclopentane group and at least two other rings. In one embodiment, the liquid crystal compounds of the invention comprise a cyclopentane group and at least two other rings, one of which is a fused ring system.

Abstract: Provided are compounds useful for use in liquid crystal mixtures to improve the properties of the mixture. In embodiments, the compound has two cyclohexyl ring and a tail containing one more fluorine atoms.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by determining the molar water solubility of the anesthetic. The invention further provides methods for modulating the selectivity of an anesthetic for an anesthetic-sensitive receptor by altering or modifying the anesthetic to have higher or lower water solubility. The invention further provides methods of inducing anesthesia in a subject by administering via the respiratory pathways (e.g., via inhalational or pulmonary delivery) an effective amount of an anesthetic compound identified according to the present methods.

Abstract: A support of metal oxyfluoride or metal halide for a metal-based hydrogenation catalyst useful in hydrogenating fluoroolefins is provided.

Abstract: A photocurable composition capable of producing a micropattern-formed product efficiently, which is excellent in physical properties such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, releasability and optical characteristics (transmittance and low refractive index), and a process for producing a micropattern-formed product, capable of highly precisely transferring a micropattern of a mold to its surface are provided. A photocurable composition which comprises from 50 to 98 mass % of a monomer containing no fluorine atom and having a viscosity at 25° C. of from 0.1 to 100 mPa·s, from 0.1 to 45 mass % of a fluoromonomer, from more than 0.1 to 20 mass % of a fluorinated surfactant and/or a fluoropolymer and from 1 to 10 mass % of a photopolymerization initiator, and contains substantially no solvent.

Abstract: Fire extinguishing compositions and methods of extinguishing a fire comprising compounds of formula (I) where Rf is a fluorocarbon group. The compounds and compositions described herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of or as additives to AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) formulations used for the extinguishment of fuel and solvent fires.

Abstract: Provided are azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1,3,3-tetrachloro-1-fluoropropane (HCFC-241fa) and hydrogen fluoride. Such compositions are useful as an intermediate in the production of HFC-245fa and HCFO-1233zd.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light or the like, a nematic phase in a wide temperature range, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy (especially, a relatively small optical anisotropy), a large elastic constant K33 and a suitable dielectric anisotropy (especially, a relatively large dielectric anisotropy), which is represented by formula (1-1). For example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons; the ring A1 and the ring A2 is 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 3-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or 3,5-difluoro-1,4-phenylene; and m and n are 0, 1, 2 or 3, and the sum of m and n is 3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes of using perfluoropolyether to maintain or improve the oil return, lubrication, cooling capacity, or energy efficiency of a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat transfer system.

Abstract: A process for the production of dichlorotrifluoroethane is described. The process comprises reacting perchloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride (HF) at elevated temperature in the vapour phase in at least one reactor in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. The process is operated so that 30 weight % or more of the perchloroethylene reactant that is fed to the at least one reactor remains unreacted having passed through the or each reactor. The dichlorotrifluoroethane may be purified and then used as it is or used to prepare pentafluoroethane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing fluorinated organic compounds, including hydrofluoropropenes, which preferably comprises converting at least one compound of formula (I): CF3CFnCHmXa-m??(I) to at least one compound of formula (II) CF3CZCHZ??(II). where each X is independently Cl, F, I or Br; each Z is independently H or F; n is 1 or 2; m is 1, 2 or 3, provided that when n is 1, m is 1 or 2; a is 2 or 3, and a-m?0. Certain embodiments include the step of reacting fluorinated C2 olefin, such as tetrafluoroethylene, with a Cl addition agent under conditions effective to produce a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of bis(fluoroalkyl)phosphinyl chlorides or fluoroalkylphosphonyl dichlorides by reaction of the corresponding bis(fluoroalkyl)phosphinic acid or fluoroalkylphosphonic acid with aryltetrachlorophosphorane as chlorinating agent.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for preparing 2,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), comprising: (i) contacting 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene (1230xa) with hydrogen fluoride HF in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture; (ii) separating the reaction mixture into a first stream comprising HCl, 2,2,2,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and a second stream comprising HF, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1233xf) and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb); (iii) recycling at least a part of the second stream at least in part back to step (i).

Abstract: Described herein is a process for the manufacture of hydrofluoroalkanols of the structure RfCFClCHROH. Also described herein are methods of manufacturing hydrofluoroalkenes of the structure RfCF?CHR from halofluorocarbons of the structure RfCFX2. In particular, 2,3,3,3,-tetrafluoro-1-propene may be manufactured with this process. Also described are compounds of the formula RfCFClCHROC(?O)R?.

Abstract: A method for producing of ultra-dispersed carbon comprises the steps of introducing gaseous methane and chlorine into passageways (3 and 4) of a burner (2) communicating with a chamber (1) of a reactor, combusting the mixture of methane and chlorine resulting in the formation of a diffusion flame, depositing products of a process of oxidative coupling of methane, separating a suspension containing solid carbon particles, and extracting a desired product. The greater part of the methane stream is fed to the outer boundary of the flame through a branch pipe (6) provided within the reactor chamber. Internal walls of the reactor chamber (1) in the combustion zone of the diffusion flame are washed by means of water stream. The desired product is extracted from the crude product through thermal processing of the solid particles suspension. Utilization of the method essentially increases the mono-dispersed carbon yield in the process of oxidative coupling of methane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes of using perfluoropolyether to maintain or improve the oil return, lubrication, cooling capacity or energy efficiency of the refrigeration, air conditioning and heat transfer system.

Abstract: Provided is a nonaqueous solvent for an electrical storage device, including a fluorine-containing, cyclic, saturated hydrocarbon represented by the following general formula (1) and having a structure obtained by introducing one or two substituents R into a cyclopentane ring: in the general formula (1), R is represented by CnX2n+1, n represents an integer of 1 or more, at least one of the 2n+1 X's represents F, and the other X's each represent H.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for preparing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf), comprising: (i) contacting 1,1,2,3-tetrachloropropene (1230xa) with hydrogen fluoride HF in gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction mixture; (ii) separating the reaction mixture into a first stream comprising HCl, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (1234yf) and a second stream comprising HF, 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (1233xf) and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (245cb); (iii) recycling at least a part of the second stream at least in part back to step (i).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for the catalytic hydrogenation of fluoroolefins to fluorocarbons where the reaction is carried out in a multi-tube shell and tube reactor. Reactions involving hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins are typically exothermic. In commercial processes where a fluoro-olefin C(n)H(2n?x)F(x) to C(n)H(2n?x+2)F(x) is hydrogenated (e.g. hexafluoropropylene to 236ea, 1225ye to 245eb, and the like), inadequate management or control of heat removal may induce excess hydrogenation, decomposition and hot spots resulting in reduced yields and potential safety issues. In the hydrogenation of fluoro-olefins, it is therefore necessary to control the reaction temperature as precisely as practical to overcome challenges associated with heat management and safety.

Abstract: An electrochromic compound represented by the following General Formula (1). A-(CX2)n—B??General Formula (1) In the formula, A is a monovalent binding group, B is a redox chromophore, X is a halogen atom, and n is an integer of 1 or more.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a ternary azeotrope-like mixture consisting essentially of effective amounts of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A process for the production of dichlorotrifluoroethane is described. The process comprises reacting perchloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride in the vapor phase at elevated temperature in at least one reactor in the presence of a fluorination catalyst to produce a composition comprising dichlorotrifluoroethane, hydrogen chloride, unreacted perchloroethylene and unreacted hydrogen fluoride. The composition that is produced is subjected to a separation step to recover a first fraction comprising dichlorotrifluoroethane and a second fraction comprising perchloroethylene and hydrogen fluoride. The second fraction is further separated into a hydrogen fluoride-rich fraction and a perchloroethylene-containing, organic-rich fraction which are then recycled. The dichlorotrifluoroethane that is recovered may be used to prepare pentafluoroethane.

Abstract: There is provided a novel, useful dehydroxyfluorination agent containing sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) and an organic base that is free from a free hydroxyl group in the molecule. According to the present dehydroxyfluorination agent, it is not necessary to use perfluoroalkanesulfonyl fluoride, which is not preferable in large-scale use, and it is possible to advantageously produce optically-active fluoro derivatives, which are important intermediates of medicines, agricultural chemicals and optical materials, for example, 4-fluoroproline derivatives, 2?-deoxy-2?-fluorouridine derivatives, optically-active ?-fluorocarboxylate derivatives, and monofluoromethyl derivatives, even in large scale.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for the manufacture of hydrofluoroalkanols of the structure RfCFClCHROH, comprising reacting a halofluorocarbon of the structure RfCFX2, wherein each X is independently selected from Cl, Br, and I, with an aldehyde and a reactive metal in a reaction solvent to generate a reaction product comprising a metal hydrofluoroalkoxide, neutralizing said metal hydrofluoroalkoxide to produce a hydrofluoroalkanol, and recovering the hydrofluoroalkanol.

Abstract: A process for the production of dichlorotrifluoroethane is described. The process comprises reacting perchloroethylene with hydrogen fluoride (HP) at elevated temperature in the vapor phase in at least one reactor in the presence of a fluorination catalyst. The process is operated so that 30 weight % or more of the perchloroethylene reactant that is fed to the at least one reactor remains unreacted having passed through the or each reactor. The dichlorotrifluoroethane may be purified and then used as it is or used to prepare pentafluoroethane.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and processes of using perfluoropolyether to maintain or improve the oil return, lubrication, cooling capacity, or energy efficiency of a refrigeration, air conditioning or heat transfer system.

Abstract: Process for the obtention of HFC-227ea having a reduced content of organic impurities, comprising at least subjecting a crude HFC-227ea to two distillation steps at different pressures.

Abstract: A process for making CHF?CFCF3 is disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting CCl2FCF2CF3 with H2 in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of hydrogenation catalyst to form CH2FCF2CF3; and (b) dehydrofluorinating CH2FCF2CF3 from (a) to form CHF?CFCF3. Also disclosed are compositions including CCl3CF2CF3 and HF, wherein the HF is present in an effective amount to form an azeotropic combination with the CCl3CF2CF3; and compositions including CCl2FCF2CF3 and HF, wherein the HF is present in an effective amount to form an azeotropic combination with the CCl2FCF2CF3.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making CH2?CFCF3. The process involves contacting CH2ClCF2CF3 with H2 in a reaction zone in the presence of a catalyst including a catalytically effective amount of palladium supported on a support selected from chromium oxide, fluorinated chromium oxide, chromium fluoride, aluminum oxide, aluminum fluoride and/or fluorinated alumina, to produce CH2?CFCF3. The mole ratio of H2 to the CH2ClCF2CF3 fed to the reaction zone is between about 1:1 and about 4:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides polyoxyalkylene ammonium imide or methide salts and their use as antistatic agents. Another embodiment provides articles comprising these salts, and processes for making and using these salts.

Abstract: A battery capable of improving cycle characteristics is provided. An electrolytic solution impregnated with a separator includes an ionic compound with an asymmetric structure such as fluorotrifluoromethyl[oxalage-O,O?] lithium borate as an electrolyte salt. Thereby, compared to the case where an ionic compound with a symmetric structure such as bis[oxalate-O,O?] lithium borate or difluoro[oxalate-O,O?]lithium borate is included as an electrolyte salt, the conductivity of the electrolytic solution is improved.

Abstract: Hexafluoroisobutylene and its higher homologs are easily reacted with SO3 to give fluorosulfates of the formula CH2?C(R)CF2OSO2F, wherein R is a linear branched or cyclic fluoroalkyl group comprised of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may contain ether oxygen. These compounds react under mild conditions with many nucleophiles to give CH2?C(R)CF2X, where X is derived from the nucleophile. This reaction provides a route to many substituted hexafluoroisobutylenes, which copolymerize easily with other fluoro- and hydrocarbon monomers such as vinylidene fluoride and ethylene.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing copolymer, which comprises a hydroxyl-terminated fluorine-containing vinyl ether, represented by the following general formula: CF2?CFORfCH2OH (where Rf is a fluoroalkylene group, a fluoroalkyl ether group, or a fluoroalkoxyfluoroalkyl ether group, having 1-25 carbon atoms), and at least one of other fluorine-containing unsaturated monomers, where a high-molecular weight fluorine-containing copolymer having a melt viscosity (230° C.) of 0.1-100 g/10 min. is insoluble in a solvent, and can be used suitably for melt molding, whereas a low-molecular weight fluorine-containing copolymer having a glass transition temperature Tg of 20° C., or higher, and a number average molecular weight Mn of 1,000, or more is soluble in a solvent, and can be used suitably for coating agents, etc.

Abstract: A dendron (2) comprising a focal point (4) and a plurality of fluorinated end groups (9) is disclosed, including one having a thiol, a silane, a carboxylic acid, a phosphonate or another moiety at the focal point suitable for chemisorption to a substrate (3). A self-assembled monolayer comprising a plurality of dendrons bonded to a substrate and a device comprising the self-assembled monolayer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing unsaturated cyclic compound represented by the formula (1)(a): wherein Z3 are the same or different and each is —Rf3-Z4, in which Z4 is at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of OH group, COOH group, a derivative of carboxylic acid group and a functional group protected by a protective group which can convert the functional group to OH group by reaction with an acid; Rf3 is a fluorine-containing alkylene group which has 1 to 30 carbon atoms and may have ether bond; n11 is an integer of from 1 to 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new process for preparing estrogen-antagonistic 11?-fluoro-17?-alkylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diols of the general formula I having a 7?-(?-alkylamino-?-perfluoroalkyl)alkyl side chain and to ?-alkyl(amino)-?-perfluoro(alkyl)alkanes of the general formula II, to processes for their preparation and to the intermediates required for this purpose.

Abstract: A method of purifying a treatment target substance containing a fluorine-containing surfactant which includes removing at least part of the fluorine-containing surfactant from the treatment target substance by contacting the treatment target substance with a gas containing carbon dioxide. The fluorine-containing surfactant is an ether oxygen-free anionic compound represented by one of general formulae (1) and (2) as defined herein.

Abstract: Provided are a liquid-crystal compound and a liquid-crystal composition containing the compound, of which the advantages are that they show nematic hybrid orientation on a rubbed TAC substrate, they are polymerizable in open air and they readily give a polymer having a high degree of polymerization even when exposed to a relatively small total quantity of light. The films formed by photopolymerizing them keep nematic hybrid orientation. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein R1 is a hydrogen or an alkyl; R2 is a hydrogen, —OCF3, etc.; A1 is a 1,4-phenylene, etc.; A2 and A3 are independently a 1,4-cyclohexylene, a 1,4-phenylene, etc.; X1 is a single bond, —O—, etc.; X2 and X3 are independently a single bond, —COO—, —C?C—, —CONH—, etc.; m is an integer of from 0 to 20; and n is 1 or 0.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of pain and intraocular pressure. Particularly disclosed are new compositions for the treatment of chronic pain, glaucoma and methods for their use.

Abstract: Positron emitting compounds and methods of their production are provided. The compounds have the formula: (F)m G (R)n wherein each R is a group comprising at least one carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur atom and G is joined to R through said carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur atom; G is silicon or boron; m is 2 to 5 and n is 1 to 3 with m+n=3 to 6 when G is silicon; m is 1 to 3 and n is 1 to 3 with m+n=3 to 4 when G is boron; and wherein the compound further comprises one or more counterions when the above formula is charged; and wherein at least one F is 18 F.

Abstract: Hexafluoroisobutylene and its higher homologs are easily reacted with SO3 to give fluorosulfates of the formula CH2?C(R)CF2OSO2F, wherein R is a linear branched or cyclic fluoroalkyl group comprised of 1 to 10 carbon atoms and may contain ether oxygen. These compounds react under mild conditions with many nucleophiles to give CH2?C(R)CF2X, where X is derived from the nucleophile. This reaction provides a route to many substituted hexafluoroisobutylenes, which copolymerize easily with other fluoro- and hydrocarbon monomers such as vinylidene fluoride and ethylene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to stilbene and quinone compounds related to combretastatin A-4 and their use as anticancer compounds and prodrugs. The compounds include those with an alkyl group on the double bond of cis or trans-stilbenes, compounds with one or more (and preferably 2 or 3) alkyl group substituents on the stilbene A ring, compounds with an alkoxy group other than methoxy at position 3, 4, and/or 5 of the stilbene A ring, compounds (or prodrugs) in which BOC amino acid esters are formed with the phenolic hydroxyl at the 3-position of the B ring and compounds (or prodrugs) based on a benzoquinone B ring. The present invention further relates to the photochemical reactions of stilbene compounds, either the above compounds disclosed for the first time herein or compounds based on prior art stilbenes.

Abstract: The process for producing perfluorocarbons according to the present invention is characterized in that in the production of a perfluorocarbon by contacting an organic compound with a fluorine gas, the organic compound is contacted with the fluorine gas at a temperature of from 200 to 500° C. and the content of an oxygen gas within the reaction system is controlled to 2% by volume or less based on the gas components in the reaction starting material, whereby a perfluorocarbon reduced in the content of impurities is produced. According to the process for producing perfluorocarbons of the present invention, high-purity perfluorocarbons extremely suppressed in the production of impurities such as an oxygen-containing compound can be obtained. The perfluorocarbons obtained by the production process of the present invention contain substantially no oxygen-containing compound and, therefore, can be effectively used as an etching or cleaning gas for use in a process for producing a semiconductor device.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide a method for purifying a fluorinated hydroxyl compound of the formula 1 safely in a high yield under industrially practical conditions. Namely, a mixture containing a fluorinated hydroxyl compound of Rf—CR1R2—OH (Formula 1, wherein Rf is a C1-20 polyfluoroalkyl group, and each of R1 and R2 is a hydrogen atom or a C1-3 alkyl group) such as 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropanol, and a compound having an unshared electron pair, is distilled by heating in the presence of a solid acid catalyst such as a cation exchange resin catalyst, or by adding a proton source such as water.

Abstract: Optically active fluorine-containing compounds of the formula (1): or of formula (2): are used for producing optically active 3,3,3-trfluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionic acids.

Abstract: A process for the production of HFC-227ea from HF and HFP is provided. This process takes advantage of an azeotropic composition of HF and HFC-227ea in order to produce HFC-227ea essentially free of HF and recycle unreacted HF back to the reactor. The recycle of said azeotropic composition, also allows the use of HFC-227ea as a diluent to aid in control of reactor temperature for a highly exothermic reaction.

Abstract: A fluorinated polyvalent carbonyl compound is produced by an economically advantageous method from inexpensive materials without requiring a complicated synthetic process step. Namely, the present invention comprises reacting a polyvalent alcohol having at least two kinds of alcohol skeletons selected among a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol and a tertiary alcohol, with an acid halide to obtain a polyvalent ester compound, fluorinating it in a liquid phase to obtain a perfluorinated polyvalent ester compound, and cleaving the ester bonds derived from primary and secondary alcohols in the perfluoropolyvalent ester compound to obtain a fluorinated polyvalent carbonyl compound.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 2,3,5,6-tetrahaloxylylidene compounds of formula (I) where each Hal is independently fluorine or chlorine, and X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, —O—R, or —O—C(═O)R, where R is hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C1-C12-alkyl- or a C6-C14-aryl radical, by reacting 2,3,5,6-tetrahaloxylylidenediamines of formula (II) with an alkyl nitrite and/or nitrous acid in HX as a solvent.