Isomerization Patents (Class 585/253)
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Patent number: 7960599Abstract: A process for producing industrially important chemicals from renewable resources is disclosed. This “biobased” process employs readily available, renewable resources comprising fatty acids rather than exploiting fossil sources, such as coal and petroleum. In one embodiment of the process 1-octene, along with methyl-9-decenoate and butadiene, is produced from linoleic acid via an enzymemediated isomerization reaction, followed by a metathesis reaction with ethylene. Linoleic acid can be isolated from vegetable oils, such as soybean oil.Type: GrantFiled: January 13, 2004Date of Patent: June 14, 2011Assignee: Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc.Inventors: James R. Millis, Michael J. Tupy, Timothy W. Abraham, Mervyn L. De Souza
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Patent number: 7960597Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods (processes) and systems for processing triglyceride-containing, biologically-derived oils to provide for base oils and transportation fuels, wherein partial oligomerization of fatty acids contained therein provide for an oligomerized mixture from which the base oils and transportation fuels can be extracted. Such methods and systems can involve an initial hydrotreating step or a direct isomerization of the oligomerized mixture.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 2008Date of Patent: June 14, 2011Assignee: Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Inventor: Stephen Joseph Miller
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Publication number: 20110113679Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 11, 2010Publication date: May 19, 2011Inventors: Steven A. Cohen, Melvin L. Luetkens, JR., Chander Balakrishnan, Robert Snyder
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Patent number: 7888541Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preferential conversion to 2-butene of a C4 stream containing 1-butene and 2-butene. The process involves mixing the C4 stream with a first hydrogen stream to form a feed stream, hydroisomerizing the feed stream in the presence of a first hydroisomerization catalyst in order to convert at least a portion of the 1-butene to 2-butene, thereby producing a hydroisomerization effluent, separating the hydroisomerization effluent in a fractionation column having an upper end and a lower end to form a 1-butene mixture at the upper end, a top effluent stream containing isobutane and isobutylene and a bottoms stream containing 2-butene, and hydroisomerizing the 1-butene mixture at the upper end of the column using a second hydroisomerization catalyst. A corresponding apparatus also is disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: April 15, 2005Date of Patent: February 15, 2011Assignee: Catalytic Distillation TechnologiesInventors: Robert J. Gartside, Thomas P. Skourlis, Hassan Kaleem
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Patent number: 7888540Abstract: A method of producing a fuel composition from a bio-oil feedstock is provided, wherein the bio-oil feedstock is subjected to a step of oil extraction to produce a bio-oil and deoiled residue. At least a portion of the deoiled residue is gasified to produce a hydrogen-containing gas. The bio-oil is subjected to an upgrading process to ultimately produce a fuel composition. At least a part of the hydrogen-containing gas produced in the gasification of deoiled residue is used in the upgrading process of producing a fuel composition. The upgrading process, which can involve hydro-treating, hydroisomerization and at least one separation step, produces light hydrocarbons in addition to the product fuel composition. The light hydrocarbons can be used in the gasification operation, e.g., to reduce tar formation.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2008Date of Patent: February 15, 2011Assignee: General Electric CompanyInventors: Gregg Anthony Deluga, Vladimir Zamansky, Ke Liu, Tiffany Elizabeth Pinard Westendorf
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Publication number: 20100286458Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing olefins in olefin-comprising hydrocarbon mixtures having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms at temperatures of from 20 to 200° C. and pressures of from 1 to 200 bar in the liquid phase in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, wherein a catalyst comprising from 1 to 20% by weight of nickel in oxidic form and from 1 to 20% by weight of at least one element of group VIB on an aluminum oxide support is used.Type: ApplicationFiled: October 15, 2008Publication date: November 11, 2010Applicant: BASF SEInventors: Stefan Iselborn, Thomas Heidemann
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Publication number: 20090318737Abstract: A process has been developed for producing fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant and animal oils and greases. The process involves treating a first portion of a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating in a first reaction zone and a second portion of a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating in a second reaction zone to provide a diesel boiling point range fuel hydrocarbon product. If desired, the hydrocarbon product can be isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A portion of the hydrocarbon product is recycled to the first reaction zone to increase the hydrogen solubility of the reaction mixture.Type: ApplicationFiled: May 20, 2009Publication date: December 24, 2009Inventor: Charles P. Luebke
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Publication number: 20090187054Abstract: The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by a process that hydrogenates a benzene-containing isomerization zone feedstream. The additional cyclic hydrocarbons produced by the saturation of benzene can be processed in the isomerization zone for ring opening to increase the available paraffinic feedstock or the isomerization zone can be operated to pass the cyclic hydrocarbons through to a product recovery section. The isomerization zone feedstream is treated to remove contaminants and dried before entering the hydrogenation zone.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 3, 2009Publication date: July 23, 2009Inventor: David J Shecterle
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Patent number: 7550635Abstract: Process for the preparation hydrogen and a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide containing gas from a carbonaceous feedstock by performing the following steps: (a) preparing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide having a temperature of above 700° C. (51); (b) catalytic steam reforming a carbonaceous feedstock in a Convective Steam Reformer zone (44), wherein the required heat for the steam reforming reaction is provided by convective heat exchange between the steam reformer reactor zone and the effluent of step (a) to obtain as separate products a steam reforming product having a hydrogen to CO molar ratio of greater than 2 and a cooled effluent of step (a), and (c) separating hydrogen from the steam reforming product.Type: GrantFiled: April 13, 2004Date of Patent: June 23, 2009Assignee: Shell Oil CompanyInventor: Thian Hoey Tio
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Patent number: 7534340Abstract: Process for the contemporaneous production of fuels and lubricating bases from synthetic paraffinic mixtures, which includes a hydrocracking step in the presence of a solid bi-functional catalyst comprising: (A) a support of an acidic nature consisting of a catalytically active porous solid, including silicon, aluminum, phosphorus and oxygen bonded to one another in such a way as to form a mixed amorphous solid characterized by an Si/Al atomic ratio of between 15 and 250, a P/Al ratio of at least 0.1, but lower than 5, a total pore volume ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 ml/g, with an average pore diameter ranging from 3 nm. to 40 nm, and a specific surface area ranging from 200 to 1000 M2/g; (B) at least one metal with a hydro-dehydrogenating activity selected from groups 6 to 10 of the periodic table of elements, dispersed on said support (A) in an amount of between 0.05 and 5% by weight with respect to the total weight of the catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: June 28, 2004Date of Patent: May 19, 2009Assignees: ENI S.p.A., Institute Francais du Petrole, Enitecnologie S.p.A.Inventors: Vincenzo Calemma, Cristina Flego, Luciano Cosimo Carluccio, Wallace Parker, Roberto Giardino, Giovanni Faraci
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Patent number: 7442290Abstract: Mesoporous aluminum oxides with high surface areas have been synthesized using inexpensive, small organic templating agents instead of surfactants. Optionally, some of the aluminum can be framework-substituted by one or more other elements. The material has high thermal stability and possesses a three-dimensionally randomly connected mesopore network with continuously tunable pore sizes. This material can be used as catalysts for dehydration, hydrotreating, hydrogenation, catalytic reforming, steam reforming, amination, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and Diels-Alder synthesis, etc.Type: GrantFiled: March 21, 2007Date of Patent: October 28, 2008Assignee: Lummus Technology Inc.Inventors: Zhiping Shan, Jacobus Cornelius Jansen, Chuen Y. Yeh, Philip J. Angevine, Thomas Maschmeyer
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Publication number: 20080249341Abstract: A method for preparing the low carbon number petrochemical products along with the high energy fuels from pyrolysis gasoline is provided. In this method, the pyrolysis gasoline is used as feedstock, and the reactive non-aromatic, unsaturated moieties, and the sulfur impurity contained in the pyrolysis gasoline are removed. Then the stabilized feedstock is used to produce C5 olefins, C6-C9 aromatic hydrocarbons as petrochemical products, and C10+ hydrocarbons as precursors of high energy fuels. Upon acid catalytic isomerization, or upon crystallization followed by acid catalytic isomerization, the C10+ hydrocarbons as precursors of high energy fuels are converted to exo-isomers as high energy fuels.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 9, 2007Publication date: October 9, 2008Inventors: Ying-Yen Tsao, Chyuan-Neng Liao, Chi-Yu Chen, Chin-Ming Lin, Kuo-Min Wei
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Patent number: 7273542Abstract: The present invention relates to a process and apparatus for recovering product from reactor effluent of a reactor for a hydrocarbon feedstream. An indigenous C4 stream is used as lean oil in a demethanizer, which facilitates significant cost and operational savings. C4 bottoms from a downstream depropanizer is used as lean oil recycle.Type: GrantFiled: April 4, 2003Date of Patent: September 25, 2007Assignee: ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc.Inventors: David J. Duhon, John E. Asplin
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Patent number: 7256152Abstract: A composition defined: either as comprising at least one Broensted acid, designated HB, dissolved in a liquid medium with an ionic nature of general formula Q+A?, in which Q+ represents an organic cation and A? represents an anion that is different from B, or as resulting from dissolving at least one Broensted acid, designated HB, in a non-aqueous liquid medium with an ionic nature of general formula Q+A?, in which Q+ represents an organic cation and A? represents an anion that is identical to the anion B, can be used as a catalyst and solvent in acid catalysis processes, in particular in the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons, the oligomerization of olefins, the dimerization of isobutene, the alkylation of olefins by isoparaffins, the isomerization of n-paraffins into isoparaffins, the isomerization of n-olefins into iso-olefins, the isomerization of the double bond of an olefin and the purification of an olefin mixture that contains branched alpha olefins as impurities.Type: GrantFiled: September 3, 2002Date of Patent: August 14, 2007Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Helene Olivier-Bourbigou, Dominique Commereuc, Olivia Martin, Lionel Magna, Emmanuel Pellier
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Publication number: 20040082728Abstract: A liquid polymer suitable for use as a lubricant base oil is produced by polymerizing ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin using a metallocene catalyst to provide a polymer which is then isomerized and hydrogenated to produce the liquid polymer.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 16, 2003Publication date: April 29, 2004Inventors: Margaret May-Som Wu, Steven P. Rucker, Richard T. Spissell, Steven Edward Donnachie
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Patent number: 6566569Abstract: A process for preparing a C4- product stream and a C6+ product stream is disclosed. The process involves contacting a C5 containing paraffinic feedstock with a catalyst that includes a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation catalyst and an olefin metathesis catalyst under conditions which dehydrogenate the paraffins to olefins. The olefins are then metathesized and rehydrogenated to provide a product stream. A C4- fraction and a C6+ fraction can each be isolated from the product stream. The C4- fraction can be used, for example, in an alkylation reaction to provide compounds useful in gasoline compositions. Unconverted C5 paraffins can be recycled. The C6+ fraction can be used, for example, as solvents. Alternatively, they can be isomerized to form gasoline additives, or can be converted to aromatic compounds via reforming, for example, using conventional reforming techniques, preferably using the AROMAX™ process or traditional rheniforming conditions.Type: GrantFiled: June 23, 2000Date of Patent: May 20, 2003Assignee: Chevron U.S.A. Inc.Inventors: Cong-Yan Chen, Dennis J. O'Rear, Scott R. Brundage
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Patent number: 6420619Abstract: The C3 to C6 cut from a cracking process containing propylene, butane, 1-butene, 2-butene and acetylenic and diene components including butadiene are preferentially converted to propylene. The cut is simultaneously fractionated and catalytically hydrogenated to hydrogenate the acetylenic and diene components. The fractionation and subsequent separation recovers a C4 component comprising a mixture of isobutene, 1-butene and 2-butene. This C4 component is then further simultaneously fractionated and catalytically hydrogenated and hydroisomerized to hydrogenate remaining butadiene, remove isobutene overhead and convert 1-butene to 2-butene leaving a bottoms of 2-butene. The 2-butene is then injected with ethylene and catalytically metathesized to form propylene.Type: GrantFiled: January 25, 2001Date of Patent: July 16, 2002Inventors: Robert J. Gartside, Gary R. Gildert
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Patent number: 6320088Abstract: Traction drive fluids comprise a saturated polycyclic hydrocarbon compound obtained by hydrogenating a trimeric compound of a cyclopentadiene-based condensed hydrocarbon compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadiene and then isomerizing the resulting compound so as to have a pour point of −10° C. or below. The traction drive fluids can be used not only in driving force transmitting mechanisms but also in hydraulic pressure controlling mechanism and friction properties controlling mechanisms of wet clutches.Type: GrantFiled: February 27, 2001Date of Patent: November 20, 2001Assignee: Nippon Mitsubishi Oil CorporationInventors: Mitsuo Matsuno, Shinichi Shirahama, Tetsuo Okawa
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Patent number: 6048450Abstract: A process for treating a feed comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons and comprising at least one unsaturated C.sub.6.sup.+ compound including benzene, is such that the feed is treated in a distillation zone, associated with a hydrogenation zone, comprising at least one catalytic bed, in which the hydrogenation is carried out of unsaturated C.sub.6.sup.+ compounds contained in the feed, and whereof a charge for the hydrogenation step is removed at the height of a removal level and represents at least part of the liquid flowing in the distillation zone, and the effluent from the hydrogenation reaction zone is at least in part reintroduced into the distillation zone to ensure continuity of the distillation operation, the effluents at the top and bottom on the distillation zone being very depleted of unsaturated C.sub.6.sup.+ compounds. The effluent drawn off from the top of the distillation zone is treated in a zone for the isomerisation of C.sub.5 and/or C.sub.6 paraffins.Type: GrantFiled: December 27, 1996Date of Patent: April 11, 2000Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Paul Mikitenko, Christine Travers, Jean Cosyns, Charles Cameron, Jean-Luc Nocca, Fran.cedilla.oise Montecot
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Patent number: 6025305Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a process for producing an improved lubricating base stock having a preselected desired oxidation stability comprising the steps of: (a) hydroisomerizing a hydrocarbon wax to obtain a lubricating base stock, (b) irradiating, within the frequency of about 4600 to about 3500 cm.sup.-1 or about 1300 to about 600 cm.sup.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1998Date of Patent: February 15, 2000Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering Co.Inventors: Haven Scott Aldrich, John Stephen Szobota, Robert Jay Wittenbrink
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Patent number: 6008164Abstract: The instant invention is directed to a method for producing a lubricating base stock having a preselected oxidative stability comprising the steps of: (a) separating, into a plurality of fractions based on molecular shape, a hydroisomerized hydrocarbon wax, (b) collecting the fractions of step (a) which have the preselected oxidative stability for use as a lubricating base stock, wherein the fractions to be collected are determined by measuring the oxidative stability of each of said fractions of said plurality of fractions to determine which fractions have said preselected oxidative stability. The invention is also directed to an improved lubricating base oil and a formulated lubricating composition using said lubricating base oil.Type: GrantFiled: August 4, 1998Date of Patent: December 28, 1999Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Haven Scott Aldrich, Robert Jay Wittenbrink
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Patent number: 6005156Abstract: In a process for the separation of p-xylene from a feed to be treated containing a mixture of xylenes and olefinic impurities, at least a portion of the feed is circulated in an enrichment zone (14) to enrich a first fraction (15) in p-xylene and provide a second fraction (18) which is depleted in p-xylene. The second fraction is circulated in an isomerisation zone (19) and an isomerate (20) is recovered which is recycled to the enrichment zone. At least a portion of the feed to be treated, the isomerate, or a mixture thereof is circulated in at least one selective hydrogenation zone (3) to partially remove the olefinic impurities and thereafter in at least one clay tretment zone (8) to remove additional olefinic impurities. An effluent is recovered which is sent to the enrichment zone.Type: GrantFiled: January 27, 1998Date of Patent: December 21, 1999Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Jean Fran.cedilla.ois Joly, Charles Cameron, Pierre Renard, Fran.cedilla.oise Montecot, Jean Cosyns, Gerard Leger
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Patent number: 5998685Abstract: A highly flexible process for preparing butene oligomers from field butanes. The process can be controlled to produce the desired oligomerization products by appropriate selection of the starting materials.Type: GrantFiled: July 24, 1997Date of Patent: December 7, 1999Assignee: Huels AktiengesellschaftInventors: Franz Nierlich, Paul Olbrich, Wilhelm Droste, Richard Mueller, Walter Toetsch
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Patent number: 5981818Abstract: A novel process is provided which integrates the cracking of hydrocarbon containing feedstocks with the olefins purification and olefins derivative process utilizing dilute olefin feedstocks.Type: GrantFiled: October 18, 1996Date of Patent: November 9, 1999Assignee: Stone & Webster Engineering Corp.Inventors: David Purvis, Richard H. Mc Cue
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Patent number: 5962755Abstract: A process for saturating benzene in a light paraffin isomerization process can accommodate varying quantities of benzene through the incorporation of progressive steps that control temperatures in the isomerization zone while performing a majority of the saturation within an immediately upstream benzene saturation zone. The process is suited for saturating benzene to very low levels while feedstream concentrations of benzenes may vary from 2 to 25 wt % throughout a given period of operation. The process can accommodate rapid swings in benzene concentration that may occur on a daily basis. The invention is particularly suited for the use of a sulfated zirconia catalyst that allows the utilization of existing reactor vessels in an isomerization process.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 1998Date of Patent: October 5, 1999Assignee: Uop LLCInventors: Paul George Blommel, Christopher David Gosling, Steve A. Wilcher
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Patent number: 5855917Abstract: Methods of inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and controlling the body fat and the body weight of an animal employ an effective amount of at least one 20 carbon, conjugated, unsaturated, fatty acid. Pharmaceutical compositions for use in the method are also disclosed. The 20-carbon conjugated fatty acids are selected from an eicosadienoic acid, an eicosatrienoic acid, and an eicosatetraenoic acid. Preferably, the fatty acids are 11,13-eicosadienoic acid; 12,14-eicosadienoic acid; 8,11,13-eicosatrienoic acid; 5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid; 5,8,12,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, or an ester, salt, or mixture thereof.Type: GrantFiled: December 4, 1996Date of Patent: January 5, 1999Assignee: Wisconsin Alumni Research FoundationInventors: Mark E. Cook, Yeonhwa Park, Michael W. Pariza
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Patent number: 5834522Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the hydroisomerisation treatment for feeds from the Fischer-Tropsch process. The catalyst is essentially constituted by 0.05% to 10% by weight of a precious metal and a silica (5-70%)/alumina support with a specific surface area of 100-500 m.sup.2 /g. The catalyst has an average pore diameter of 1-12 nm, the pore volume of pores with diameters between the average diameter .+-.3 nm being more than 40% of the total pore volume. The dispersion of the precious metal is 20-100% and the distribution coefficient for the precious metal is greater than 0.1. The process is operated at 200.degree.-450.degree. C. at a partial pressure of hydrogen of 2 to 25 MPa with a VVH of 0.1-10 h.sup.-1 and a hydrogen/feed volume ratio of 100-2000.Type: GrantFiled: July 5, 1996Date of Patent: November 10, 1998Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Samuel Mignard, Nathalie Marchal, Slavik Kasztelan, Pierre-Henri Bigeard, Alain Billon
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Patent number: 5830345Abstract: A process for producing a debenzeneated gasoline blending stock from a benzene-containing refinery stream by using a dual function catalyst. The benzene-containing refinery stream contains at least 2 wt % of benzene is hydrogenated to cyclohexane and then isomerized to methylcyclopentane accompanied with C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 normal paraffins isomerized to isoparaffins, preferably in a single reactor or catalytic distillation reactor using dual function catalyst.Type: GrantFiled: February 28, 1996Date of Patent: November 3, 1998Assignee: Chinese Petroleum CorporationInventors: Chung-Hur Lee, Chi-Hsing Tsai, Jingly Fung
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Patent number: 5770781Abstract: A method for reducing the benzene content and isomerizing at least a portion of a C.sub.5 /C.sub.6 paraffinic stream using a hydrogen stream containing more than 0.1 ppmv of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide or a mixture thereof, the method comprising: charging a C.sub.5 /C.sub.6 paraffin stream containing benzene to a benzene saturation zone; charging a hydrogen stream containing at least 0.1 ppmv of at least one carbon oxide to the benzene saturation zone; saturating at least a major portion of the benzene and methanating at least a major portion of the carbon oxide present in the benzene saturation zone to produce a reduced benzene content C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 paraffinic stream and a reduced carbon oxide content hydrogen stream; recovering the reduced benzene content C.sub.5 and C.sub.Type: GrantFiled: October 15, 1996Date of Patent: June 23, 1998Assignee: Atlantic Richfield CompanyInventors: Andrew P. Voss, Michael J. Pedersen
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Patent number: 5763713Abstract: A process for saturating benzene in a light paraffin isomerization process can accommodate varying quantities of benzene through the incorporation of progressive steps that control temperatures in the isomerization zone while performing a majority of the saturation within an immediately upstream benzene saturation zone. The process is suited for saturating benzene to very low levels while feedstream concentrations of benzenes may vary from 2 to 25 wt % throughout a given period of operation. The process can accommodate rapid swings in benzene concentration that may occur on a daily basis. The invention is particularly suited for the use of a sulfated zirconia catalyst that allows the utilization of existing reactor vessels in an isomerization process.Type: GrantFiled: November 12, 1996Date of Patent: June 9, 1998Assignee: UOP LLCInventors: Paul George Blommel, Christopher David Gosling, Steve A. Wilcher
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Patent number: 5763714Abstract: A mixed aromatic stream is hydrotreated to remove olefins and fractionated to separate C.sub.9 + heavies in a distillation column reactor and the C.sub.8 and lighter material is fed to a selective adsorption unit where the para-xylene is removed. The para-xylene depleted raffinate therefrom may be subjected to isomerization to form additional para-xylene. The effluent from the isomerization can be fed to the distillation column reactor for hydrogenation of any olefins formed during the isomerization or directly to the adsorption unit.Type: GrantFiled: January 8, 1997Date of Patent: June 9, 1998Assignee: Catalytic Distillation TechnologiesInventors: Thomas P. Hickey, Dennis Hearn, Hugh M. Putman
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Patent number: 5679241Abstract: The C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 and heavier acetylenes and dienes in a thermally cracked feed stream are hydrogenated without significantly hydrogenating the C.sub.2 and C.sub.3 olefins. Additionally, the C.sub.4 and heavier olefins may be hydrogenated. Specifically, the cracked gas feed in an olefin plant is hydrogenated in a distillation reaction column containing a hydrogenation catalyst without the necessity of separating the hydrogen out of the feed and without any significant hydrogenation of the ethylene and propylene. A combined reaction-fractionation step known as catalytic distillation hydrogenation is used to simultaneously carry out the reactions and separations while maintaining the hydrogenation conditions such that the ethylene and propylene remain substantially un-hydrogenated and essentially all of the other C.sub.2 and heavier unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrogenated. Any unreacted hydrogen can be separated by a membrane and then reacted with separated C.sub.Type: GrantFiled: May 17, 1995Date of Patent: October 21, 1997Assignees: ABB Lummus Global Inc., Chemical Research & Licensing CompanyInventors: Stephen J. Stanley, Francis D. McCarthy, Charles Sumner, Gary Robert Gildert
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Patent number: 5674955Abstract: This invention relates to a method of producing polyisobutenes from a feedstock comprising a mixture of C4 hydrocarbons and containing isobutene and at least 5% by weight of 1-butene using a cationic polymerisation catalyst, characterised in that prior to polymerisation, the feedstock is subjected to a pre-treatment step in order to reduce the 1-butene content thereof to a level which is at least 20% lower than that of the 1-butene content in the initial mixed C4 hydrocarbon feedstock prior to the pre-treatment thereof and the polyisobutene so formed is (a) very high in its vinylidene group content and (b) substantially free of halogen.Type: GrantFiled: March 1, 1995Date of Patent: October 7, 1997Assignee: BP Chemicals LimitedInventors: James Maxwell Kerr, John McMahon, James Mann Scotland
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Patent number: 5663466Abstract: A process for saturating benzene in a stream containing hydrocarbons and benzene maintains the benzene saturation reactor in a mixed phase at specific conditions to recover a saturation reactor effluent having a low benzene concentration and a reduced temperature. The benzene saturation reactor operates in a mixed phase without a hydrogen recycle and provides a saturated benzene effluent having less than 2 mol % benzene when operated at an effluent temperature of between 480.degree. F. and 600.degree. F. The discovered temperature range is relatively high and constant for feeds containing a substantial mount of benzene, despite changes in reaction zone pressure and reaction zone liquid LHSV.Type: GrantFiled: December 8, 1994Date of Patent: September 2, 1997Assignee: UOPInventors: Lynn H. Rice, Donald H. Bell
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Patent number: 5595634Abstract: A process for treating C.sub.3 to C.sub.12 petroleum fractions, such as a light cracked naphtha to be used as an etherification feed stock in which H.sub.2 S is removed by distillation of at least the C.sub.3 fraction and mercaptans and diolefins are removed simultaneously in a distillation column reactor using a dual catalyst bed. The mercaptans and H.sub.2 S are reacted with the diolefins in the presence of a reduced nickel catalyst to form sulfides which are higher boiling than the portion of the feed which is fractionated to an upper hydrogenation catalyst bed of palladium for hydrogenating diolefins and acetylenes. The higher boiling sulfides are removed as bottoms along with heavier materials. Any diolefins not converted to sulfides and acetylenes are selectively hydrogenated to mono-olefins in the presence of a palladium oxide catalyst in an upper bed, producing overheads, substantially free of sulfur compounds, diolefins and acetylenes.Type: GrantFiled: July 10, 1995Date of Patent: January 21, 1997Assignee: Chemical Research & Licensing CompanyInventors: Dennis Hearn, Gary R. Gildert, Hugh M. Putman
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Patent number: 5578196Abstract: The invention concerns a process for reducing the benzene content of petrol fractions, in which hydrogenation is carried out on a feed with the following composition by weight: 40% to 80% of paraffins, 0.5% to 7% of cyclic hydrocarbons and 6% to 45% of aromatics, and with a maximum distillation temperature of between 70.degree. C. and 90.degree. C., followed by isomerisation of the effluent from the hydrogenation step, mixing said feed and/or said effluent with a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cut; said process being characterised in that an isomerisation catalyst is used which contains chlorine and at least one group VIII metal deposited on a support composed of a mixture of specific proportions of eta alumina and gamma alumina.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1994Date of Patent: November 26, 1996Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Christine Travers, Philippe Courty, Patrick Sarrazin
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Patent number: 5534658Abstract: The invention concerns a process for reducing the benzene content of petrol fractions and isomerizing paraffins in the presence of an isomerization catalyst comprising 4 to 15% of at least one halogen and at least one metal from group VIII deposited on a support composed of a mixture of specific proportions of eta alumina and gamma alumina, in which isomerization is carried out on a mixture of a) a feed with the following composition by weight: 40% to 80% of paraffins, 0.5% to 7% of cyclic hydrocarbons and 6% to 45% of aromatics, and with a maximum distillation temperature of between 70.degree. C. and 90.degree. C., b) a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 cut which is generally a straight run cut, and c) a chlorine-containing compound providing a concentration of 50-5000 ppm of chlorine in the mixture.Type: GrantFiled: June 7, 1995Date of Patent: July 9, 1996Assignee: Institut Francais du PetroleInventors: Christine Travers, Philippe Courty, Patrick Sarrazin
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Patent number: 5453552Abstract: An advantageous integration of benzene saturation for a light paraffin containing feedstock in a light paraffin isomerization and adsorption system maintains isomerization conversion while reducing benzene levels. The process improves the efficiency of the isomerization and saturation zones by saturating benzene from a light paraffin containing stream and adsorbing normal hydrocarbons from the saturation zone effluent stream together with normal hydrocarbons from an isomerization zone effluent. The isomerization zone effluent comprises converted hydrocarbons from a light paraffin containing feedstream having a relatively low benzene concentration.Type: GrantFiled: August 20, 1993Date of Patent: September 26, 1995Assignee: UOPInventors: Lynn H. Rice, Robert S. Haizmann, Mark S. Turowicz
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Patent number: 5446222Abstract: The invention provides a two-step process for converting cyclopentadiene dimer to a high density fuel mixture comprising the steps of:(a) reacting said cyclopentadiene dimer in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a porous crystalline material having a Constraint Index of from about 0.1 to about 12 under oligomerization/isomerization conditions to convert at least a portion of said cyclopentadiene dimer to a normally liquid intermediate product containing cyclopentadiene trimer, cyclopentadiene tetramer, and the isomerized and oligomerized products derived from the reaction of at least three cyclopentadiene monomer units;(b) hydrogenating said normally liquid intermediate product of step (a) in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to form a normally liquid high energy density fuel.Type: GrantFiled: June 17, 1994Date of Patent: August 29, 1995Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: James R. Boulton, Ross A. Kremer
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Patent number: 5366616Abstract: This invention relates to hydrocarbon conversion processes using novel molecular sieve compositions as the catalyst. These molecular sieves contain chromium in the framework structure along with aluminum and silicon. The process of preparing the chromium-containing molecular sieves involves contacting a starting molecular sieve with a solution or slurry of a fluoro salt of chromium under effective process conditions to provide for aluminum extraction and substitution of chromium.Type: GrantFiled: November 24, 1992Date of Patent: November 22, 1994Assignee: UOPInventors: Gary W. Skeels, Diane M. Chapman, Edith M. Flanigen
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Patent number: 5364997Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for upgrading multi-branched C.sub.9 + olefinic and/or paraffinic by-products of heavy hydrocarbon upgrading processes including alkylation, polymerization, and MOGD, to high octane gasoline. Feeds rich in multi-branched C.sub.9 + olefins and/or paraffins are contacted with hydrogen at a pressure in the range of about 200 psig to about 2000 psig in the presence of an unsulfided catalyst composition comprising a low acidity molecular sieve having an Alpha Value of 5 or less. Because of the capability of the catalyst to crack at unsubstituted carbon-carbon bonds, the paraffinic products are more highly branched, and thus higher in octane number than those obtained from conventional dual function hydrocracking catalysts having Alpha Values greater than 5.Type: GrantFiled: July 6, 1993Date of Patent: November 15, 1994Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Michael J. Girgis, Ying-Yen P. Tsao
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Patent number: 5360534Abstract: The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by an isomerization process that splits a benzene-containing C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 feedstream between at least two reaction zones and combines the feed fractions with effluent streams. The splitting of the feed stream distributes the heat of reaction over two reactors and lowers the relative exotherm. The lower exotherm for benzene saturation permits higher benzene feeds to be processed without reducing product quality.Type: GrantFiled: May 24, 1993Date of Patent: November 1, 1994Assignee: UOPInventors: Lynn H. Rice, James G. Hagen, Brian H. Johnson
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Patent number: 5284984Abstract: A method for upgrading an aromatics-containing charge composition boiling in the gasoline boiling range comprises i) contacting the charge composition with a nitrating agent under nitrating conditions to form a product comprising nitrated aromatics; ii) hydrogenating a feed containing the product of i) under conditions sufficient to substantially reduce the nitro group of the nitrated aromatics so as to form a product comprising aromatic amines, water and heavy amines; and iii) removing the water and heavy amines from the product of step ii) to provide a gasoline boiling range product of an octane rating greater than the charge composition.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1992Date of Patent: February 8, 1994Assignee: Mobil Oil CorporationInventors: Ralph M. Dessau, Quang N. Le, Samuel A. Tabak, Robert T. Thomson
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Patent number: 5235120Abstract: A process combination is disclosed to selectively upgrade naphtha to obtain products suitable for further upgrading to reformulated fuels. A naphtha feedstock is hydrogenated to saturate aromatics, followed by selective isoparaffin synthesis to yield light and heavy naphtha and isobutane. The heavy naphtha may be processed by reforming, light naphtha may be isomerized, and isobutane may be upgraded by dehydrogenation, etherification and/or alkylation to yield gasoline components from the process combination suitable for production of reformulated gasoline.Type: GrantFiled: November 21, 1991Date of Patent: August 10, 1993Assignee: UOPInventors: Paula L. Bogdan, R. Joe Lawson, J. W. Adriaan Sachtler
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Patent number: 5210348Abstract: A substantially benzene-free product suitable for gasoline blending is formed from a benzene-containing refinery stream. At least about 30% of the benzene initially present in the stream is catalytically alkylated with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 olefins to form alkylated products. Most preferably, the alkylation zone is present in the distillation column and the alkylated products drop to the lower portion of the column and are recovered with the heavy fraction. Alternatively, the alkylation zone is downstream of the distillation column and a secondary distillation column removes the heavier alkylated products. The remaining light fraction is hydrogenated to convert substantially all of the remaining non-alkylated benzene to cyclohexane and is isomerized to boost the octane of C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 paraffins, preferably in a single reactor.Type: GrantFiled: May 23, 1991Date of Patent: May 11, 1993Assignee: Chevron Research and Technology CompanyInventors: C. Richard Hsieh, Richard C. Robinson
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Patent number: 5019661Abstract: Branched olefins of at least 4 carbon atoms are hydroisomerized to a less branched alkane by contact with a hydrogen containing gas and a shape selective zeolite which has at least 1 metal of the Pt group supported primarily within the channels of said zeolite.Type: GrantFiled: June 1, 1989Date of Patent: May 28, 1991Assignees: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Broken Hill Proprietary Company LimitedInventor: Thomas Mole
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Patent number: 5003118Abstract: The benzene content in a gasoline pool is reduced by a process that hydrogenates a benzene-containing isomerization zone feedstream. In addition to reducing the benzene concentration, the hydrogenation zone is also used to heat the isomerization zone feed and thereby eliminate the need for an isomerization zone heater. The process employs mild saturation conditions which eliminates hydrocracking and prevents the loss of isoparaffin yield. Additional cyclic hydrocarbons produced by the saturation of benzene can be processed in the isomerization zone for ring opening to increase the available paraffinic feedstock or the isomerization zone can be operated to pass the cyclic hydrocarbons through to a product recovery section.Type: GrantFiled: December 29, 1989Date of Patent: March 26, 1991Assignee: UOPInventors: Chi-Chu D. Low, Visnja A. Gembicki, Robert S. Haizmann
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Patent number: 4943672Abstract: Fischer-Tropsch wax is converted to a lubricating oil having a high viscosity index and a low pour point by first hydrotreating the wax under relatively severe conditions and thereafter hydroisomerizing the hydrotreated wax in the presence of hydrogen on a particular fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst. The hydroisomerate is then dewaxed to produce a premium lubricating oil base stock.Type: GrantFiled: December 13, 1988Date of Patent: July 24, 1990Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventors: Glen P. Hamner, deceased, Heather A. Boucher, William A. Wachter
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Patent number: 4832819Abstract: A process for producing a pumpable syncrude from a Fischer-Tropsch wax by fractionating the wax into relatively low boiling fraction containing oxygenate compounds and a relatively high boiling fraction which is substantially free of oxygenate compounds and thereafter isomerizing/hydrocracking the low boiling fraction in the presence of hydrogen and a fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst. The preferred Group VIII metal is platinum.The pumpable syncrude is thereafter fractionated to produce a low boiling fraction which is thereafter isomerized/hydrocracked in the presence of hydrogen and a fluorided Group VIII metal-on-alumina catalyst to produce upgraded middle distillate fuel products. The preferred catalyst for middle distillate production is a fluorided platinum-on-alumina catalyst where a major portion of the fluoride within the catalyst is present as aluminum fluoride hydroxide hydrate.Type: GrantFiled: December 18, 1987Date of Patent: May 23, 1989Assignee: Exxon Research and Engineering CompanyInventor: Glen P. Hamner
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Patent number: 4655484Abstract: A hexanes stream, including normal hexane, isohexanes, methylcyclopentane and cyclohexane is isomerized by first fractionating the hexanes stream in a first fractionation step to produce a normal hexaneisohexanes rich overhead stream and a methylcyclopentane-cyclohexane rich bottoms stream, the bottom stream of the first fractionation step is isomerized to maximize the conversion of methylcyclopentane to cyclohexane, the overhead stream from the first fractionation step is fractionated in a second fractionation step to produce an isohexane rich overhead stream and a normal hexane rich bottoms stream, the effluent from the isomerization step is fractionated in at least one stage of a third fractionation step to produce a cyclohexane rich bottoms fraction and a methylcyclopentane-isohexane rich overhead stream and at least a part of the overhead stream from the third fractionation step is recycled to at least one of the isomerization steps and the first fractionation step.Type: GrantFiled: December 16, 1982Date of Patent: April 7, 1987Assignee: Phillips Petroleum CompanyInventor: William C. Rahlwes