Abstract: Alkanes, preferably lower alkanes, are converted to olefins in a `third bed` external catalyst cooler (ECC) in which hot catalyst from a first regenerator (`second bed`) operating in conjunction with a fluid catalytic cracker (`first bed`) thermally cracks and dehydrogenates the alkanes. Because this is an endothermic reaction, the catalyst is autogeneously cooled before it is recirculated to the FCC regenerator. The cracking catalyst is the catalyst of choice in the FCC reactor. The conversion of alkanes to olefins is tailored to provide a mixed feed for an aromatization reactor (`fourth bed`) which feed is proportioned to provide a substantially heat-balanced reaction in the aromatization reactor, that is, requiring no additional heat other than that which is provided by the feed and the heat of reaction. A second regenerator (`fifth bed`) is provided for the aromatization reactor, preferably in a moving bed reactor system. This reactor produces a predominately aromatic hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A fluidized bed catalytic process for conversion of propene-rich light olefinic gas feedstock comprising at least 2 mol % ethene and having a C.sub.3 :C.sub.2 molar ratio of at least about 2:1 to produce hydrocarbons rich in C.sub.4.sup.+ aliphatics and aromatics, comprising maintaining a turbulent fluidized bed in a reactor operating at a moderate pressure in the range from about 400 to 2500 kPa, and temperature of about 315.degree. to 510.degree. C., the catalyst having an apparent particle density of about 0.9 to 1.6 g/cm.sup.3, a size range of about 1 to 150 microns, and average catalyst particle size of about 20 to 100 microns containing about 10 to 25 weight percent of fine particles having a particle size less than 32 microns, by passing hot feedstock vapor upwardly through the fluidized catalyst bed at a superficial fluid velocity of about 0.3 to 2 meters per second. Hydrocarbon product is recovered containing a major amount of C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons and containing C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Trimethylbenzene is selectively prepared by contacting a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkane with magnesium under reaction conditions to produce a reaction product. The reaction product thus produced, is contacted with water or a lower alcohol to promote a protonolysis reaction. The reaction mixture or a fraction thereof from the protonolysis reaction is contacted with a metal containing Y zeolite catalyst under reaction conditions to produce trimethylbenzene.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feedstock rich in C.sub.2 hydrocarbons. In particular it is a process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons comprising bringing into contact at a temperature between 580.degree. C. and 750.degree. C. a hydrocarbon feedstock containing at least 70% by weight of C.sub.2 hydrocarbons with a catalyst composition comprising an aluminosilicate having gallium deposited thereon and/or aluminosilicate in which cations have been exchanged with gallium ions, said aluminosilicates containing silica to alumina in a molar ratio of at least 5:1. The process affords a one-step method of upgrading C.sub.2 feedstock into aromatics.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatics by contacting them under conversion conditions with a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 and containing gallium. Preferably, the zeolite is a low acidity zeolite. In certain embodiments, gallium is inserted into the zeolite framework. Gallium can also be deposited, exchanged or impregnated into the zeolite.

Abstract: A staged reactor technique for converting ethene-rich olefinic feedstock to heavier hydrocarbons, particularly gasoline and distillate range products. By employing low temperature and high temperature separators, an economic recycle is provided for each stage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-stage catalytic process for the production of aromatics from a feedstock comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins. The process comprises the steps of: (1) passing a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 olefins into a hydrogenation reaction zone in the presence of a hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a hydrogenation reaction zone product essentially free of olefins; and (2) passing the hydrogenation reaction zone product into a dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone containing a dehydrocyclodimerization catalyst at conditions whereby a dehydrocyclodimerization reaction zone product comprising aromatics is produced.

Abstract: Crystalline molecular sieves having a three-dimensional microporous framework structures of MgO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Mg.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Mg.sub.w Al.sub.x P.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "w", "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is disclosed.

Abstract: An improved olefin upgrading technique has been developed for increasing production of premium heavy hydrocarbons, such as distillate fuel, from lower olefinic feedstock. During recovery and recycle of intermediate range hydrocarbons products, a process has been found for withdrawing a fraction rich in C.sub.5 -C.sub.9 gasoline range olefinic hydrocarbons from the oligomerization reactor effluent stream. By separating the reaction effluent in a multistage distillation system, fractionation feed can be separated into a heavier bottoms stream rich in C.sub.10+ hydrocarbons and a light hydrocarbon overhead, while withdrawing a liquid stream as an overflash fractionation stream rich in intermediate hydrocarbons. The overflash stream is combined to form a portion of the recycle stream to the reactor, thereby providing a more efficient and lower cost recovery process.

Abstract: A process is provided for the oxidative conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons wherein a mixture of methane and gaseous oxidant is contacted at reaction conditions with a solid oxidative contact agent which is essentially free of reducible metal oxide, the oxidative conversion taking place in the presence of a chalcogen promoter.

Abstract: A moving-bed catalytic process is disclosed for converting C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 aliphatic hydrocarbons to high-octane gasoline. By controlling the reaction severity in sequential reaction zones, yield of high quality gasoline is increased.

Abstract: A fluidized bed catalytic process is disclosed for the conversion of light olefinic gas feedstock to produce hydrocarbons rich in C.sub.5 + liquids. Low temperature turbulent fluidized bed regeneration preserves the acid activity of the catalyst thus reducing catalyst makeup requirements.

Abstract: A turbulent, dense fluid-bed of a medium pore zeolite metal-losilicate catalyst, the bed having a tailored distribution of weight fractions of particles having activities which fall generally along a predetermined curve of activity distribution, is operated under low severity conditions at low WHSV, under moderate pressure and moderate severity to obtain surprisingly high conversion to C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons having an olefin content in excess of about 80%, about one third by weight of which is distillate (C.sub.9.sup.+). Only a small amount of cycloolefins and a negligibly small amount of aromatics and paraffins are produced. The distillate is formed with a single pass yield in the range from about 10-40 weight percent. The reactor is operated only in the distillate mode. The dense fluid bed has a density, measured at the bottom of the reaction zone, less than 640 kg/m.sup.3 (40 lb/ft.sup.3), and preferably operates at a temperature in the range from about 250.degree. C. (482.degree. F.) to about 371.

Abstract: Titanium-aluminum-silicon-oxide molecular sieves are disclosed having use as molecular sieves and as catalyst compositions in hydrocarbon conversion and other processes. The molecular sieves have a unit empirical formula on an anhydrous basis ofmR: (Ti.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic+emplating agent; "m" represents the moles of "R" present per mole of (Ti.sub.x Al.sub.y Si.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of titanium, aluminum and silicon, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides.

Abstract: A high-octane gasoline is produced by the conversion of a light hydrocarbon containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins and/or C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 olefins using a crystalline aluminogallosilicate catalyst of the formula:aM.sub.2/n O bAl.sub.2 O.sub.3 Ga.sub.2 O.sub.3 cSiO.sub.2 dH.sub.2 Owherein M is a metal selected from an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal and a mixture thereof, n is the valence of said metal, a is a positive number of (b+1).+-.3.0, b is between 1 and 6, c is between 80 and 490, d is between 1 and 200, c/(b+1) is between 40 and 70, and c/b is between 46.7-140.

Abstract: An improved fluidized bed process for upgrading olefinic hydrocarbon feedstock by contacting the feedstock with acidic siliceous zeolite conversion catalyst particles at elevated temperature under exothermic conditions to produce heavier hydrocarbons including gasoline range hydrocarbons. The improvement comprises maintaining a turbulent fluidized bed of catalyst particles by flowing hydrocarbon-containing vapor upwardly through said bed at less than transport velocity; and introducing liquid olefinic feedstock comprising at least one C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 diene component into the fluidized catalyst bed in a lower portion thereof by rapidly atomizing and vaporizing the liquid feedstock, thus converting feedstock to heavier hydrocarbon without substantial thermal diene degradation thereof prior to contacting conversion catalyst particles in the fluidized bed. A predominantly liquid product is recovered containing C.sub.4 -C.sub.9 hydrocarbons rich in olefins and aromatics.

Abstract: An integrated process for the production of aromatics rich an MTBE and TAME rich high octane gasoline fractions is described. Etherifications of iso-olefins is conducted in the presence of excess methanol. Unreacted methanol is passed to a fixed, fluid or moving bed aromatization zone in contact with ZSM-5 catalyst and olefin and paraffin feedstream to produce high octane gasoline.

Abstract: A process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons comprising bringing into contact a hydrocarbon feedstock containing a C.sub.2, C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 paraffinic hydrocarbon with a catalyst composition comprising an aluminosilicate in which the molar ratio of silica to alumina is at least 5:1 and loaded with a compound of (a) gallium and (b) at least one rare earth metal.

Abstract: Method and means are described for the conversion of lower molecular weight paraffins and olefins to high octane gasoline rich in alkylated aromatics. In a two stage process catalyzed by metallosilicate, crystalline, shape selective zeolite comprising a high temperature first stage and a lower temperature second stage, the ratio of olefins to paraffins in the second stage is maintained at a level sufficient to maintain essentially isothermal reaction conditions. Novel means for effecting the conversion include transport riser reactor and turbulent bed reactor combination.

Abstract: A process for converting a C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 non-aromatic hydrocarbon feed to aromatics by contacting the feed with a zinc-containing medium pore size zeolite catalyst in a conversion zone, comprising adding at least one non-metal oxide or sulfide to the feed in an amount effective to prevent elution of zinc from the zinc-containing zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: An integrated process for the production of alkylate and etherate rich high octane gasoline streams comprising the etherification to produce MTBE and TAME in the presence of a high stoichiometric excess of methanol followed by the conversion of unreacted methanol in contact with zeolite-type catalyst in the presence of aromatics to produce alkylated aromatics in gasoline. The light paraffinic effluent from the methanol conversion zone is reacted in contact with zeolite catalyst under aromatization conditions to produce an aromatics feedstream for the methanol conversion reaction. A supplemental olefinic feedstream is provided to the methanol conversion zone after optionally serving as stripping medium for the separation of methanol and etherate-rich C.sub.5 + gasoline from the etherification reaction.

Abstract: An etherification process for reacting a hydrocarbon mixture containing C.sub.4 -C.sub.7 iso-olefins with excess methanol to produce tertiary alkyl methyl ethers. The improved technique comprises operations for separating etherification reaction effluent to recover a liquid fraction rich in gasoline range unreacted hydrocarbons in mixture with liquid ether product, recovering from the reaction effluent a vapor fraction rich in unreacted light olefin including C.sub.4 -C.sub.5 olefins and unreacted methanol, and converting or interconverting a major portion of the light olefin to C.sub.4 + olefins and/or oligomerization products while substantially completely converting the unreacted methanol to an acid zeolite catalysis conversion product comprising olefins and normally liquid hydrocarbon product. A portion of the conversion product is recycled to the etherification process.

Abstract: A fluidized bed catalytic process for conversion of light olefinic gas feedstock containing ethene and propene to produce C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons and for the conversion of catalytic reformate feedstock to produce C.sub.7 -C.sub.11 aromatic hydrocarbons, comprising a maintaining a fluidized bed of zeolite catalyst particles in a turbulent reactor bed at a temperature of about 600.degree. to 750.degree. F. (316.degree. to 399.degree. C.) and pressure of about 100 to 250 psig (790 to 825 kPa. The catalyst has an apparent particle density of about 0.9 to 1.6 g/cm.sup.3 and a size range of about 1 to 150 microns, and average catalyst particle size of about 20 to 100 microns containing about 10 to 25 weight percent of fine particles having a particle size less than 32 microns.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a process for converting a feedstock comprising ethylene and/or acetylene to a product comprising liquid hydrocarbons. The process comprises maintaining said feedstock at a temperature in the range of about 700.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. for about 100 to about 1000 milliseconds to provide for said conversion. In one embodiment, the feedstock further comprises hydrogen. In another embodiment the feedstock comprises the product made by the process comprising heating a gaseous mixture comprising (i) hydrogen and (ii) natural gas and/or at least one light hydrocarbon at a temperature of at least about 1250.degree. C. for an effective period of time to provide said feedstock. In still another embodiment, the feedstock further comprises natural gas and/or at least one light hydrocarbon in addition to said ethylene and/or acetylene.

Abstract: The catalyzed oxidative coupling of a lower molecular weight alkane to more valuable, higher molecular weight hydrocarbons and oxidative coupling catalysts for use therein are disclosed.

Abstract: In a continuous catalytic process for the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from lower molecular weight hydrocarbons in which a lower molecular weight hydrocarbon containing gas is contacted in a reaction zone with a higher molecular weight hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst under C.sub.2 + hydrocarbon synthesis conditions, the improvement comprising adding hydrogen to said gas thereby forming a reaction gas wherein said hydrogen comprises 1 to 25 volume percent of the reaction gas, said synthesis conditions including a temperature greater than 1000.degree. C. and a gas hourly space velocity of greater than 3200 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous catalytic process for the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from methane in which a methane-containing gas is contacted in a reaction zone with a higher molecular weight hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst under C.sub.2 +hydrocarbon synthesis conditions, the improvement comprising adding a C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbon and hydrogen to said gas thereby forming a reaction gas wherein said C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbon comprises 0.1 to 10 volume percent of said reaction gas and said hydrogen comprises 1 to 25 volume percent of said reaction gas, said synthesis conditions including a temperature greater than 1000.degree. C. and a gas hourly space velocity of greater than 3200 hr.sup.31 1.

Abstract: In a continuous catalytic process for the production of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons from methane in which a reaction gas containing methane is contacted in a reaction zone with a higher molecular weight hydrocarbon synthesis catalyst under C.sub.2 + hydrocarbon synthesis conditions, the improvement comprising adding a C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbon to the reaction gas such that said C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 hydrocarbon comprises 0.1 to 10 volume percent of the reaction gas, said reaction conditions including a temperature greater than 1000.degree. C. and a gas hourly space velocity of greater than 3200 hr.sup.-1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing aromatic compounds from a hydrocarbon gas containing paraffinic hydrocarbons under conversion conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a gallosilicate molecular sieve and a platinum metal component.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the conversion of a light aliphatic hydrocarbon, such as propane, into benzene and optionally also naphthalene. The feed hydrocarbon is converted to aromatic hydrocarbons in a dehydrocyclodimerization zone. The aromatics, and other cyclic hydrocarbons, are passed into a hydrodealkylation zone which is preferably supplied with hydrogen produced in the dehydrocyclodimerization zone. Benzene may be separated from the effluent of the dehydrocyclodimerization zone prior to passage of the aromatics into the hydrodealkylation zone.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are produced from a feedstock comprising ethane and/or propane and/or butane by the steps of:(A) reacting the feedstock in the presence of a dehydrocyclodimerization catalyst to produce a product comprising aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrogen and methane,(B) separating the product of step (A) into an aromatic hydrocarbon fraction, a methane-rich gaseous fraction and a hydrogen-rich gaseous fraction,(C) feeding all or part of the methane-rich gaseous fraction separated in step (B) to a synthesis gas production unit, thereby to produce synthesis gas, and(D) contacting the synthesis gas from step (C) together with all or part of the hydrogen-rich gaseous fraction separated in step (B), thereby increasing the hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio of the synthesis gas, with a Fischer-Tropsch conversion catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: A catalytic process is provided for converting feedstock containing C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 aliphatic hydrocarbons to aromatics by contacting said feedstocks, under conversion conditions, with a balanced acid/hydrogenation dual function catalyst comprising as the acid component a crystalline zeolite catalyst having a Constraint Index of about 1 to 12 and an alpha value no higher than about 100, and as the hydrogenation component a minor amount of an added metal constituent comprising at least 50 weight percent of a component consisting of zinc and a metal from Group IB of the Periodic Table, e.g. copper, thereby converting the feedstock to aromatics.

Abstract: In an improved method for converting methane to at least one higher hydrocarbon product and coproduct water which comprises contacting a gas comprising methane and at least one added gaseous oxidant with nonacidic solid, the improvement comprising conducting at least a portion of said contacting in the presence of added water.

Abstract: A process for catalytic dehydrocyclodimerization and regeneration of the catalyst. C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbons are reacted to produce aromatics, using a catalyst of a composition especially adapted to minimize deposition of coke on the catalyst. The catalyst is comprised of alumina which contains phosphorus, gallium, and a crystalline aluminosilicate having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 12. The use of this catalyst has resulted in a five-fold reduction in the rate of coke deposition, compared to a conventional dehydrocyclodimerization catalyst. However, the activity of this catalyst once it becomes deactivated is only recovered by burning the coke accumulated upon the deactivated catalyst at catalyst regeneration conditions in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: Methane is converted to higher hydrocarbons by contact with a catalyst comprised of a reducible metal oxide which had previously been treated with a reducing agent such as hydrogen to improve characteristics of the catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to the conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons by contact with a solid oxidative synthesizing agent, the specific improvement being the addition to the reaction system of one or more components of the oxidative synthesizing agent which are lost during the reaction.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of an olefin-containing C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 feed (1) into aromatic hydrocarbons (22) and C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 paraffins (25,26). The process may result in a net consumption of hydrogen and operates at relatively mild temperature conditions, with preferred temperatures in the reaction zone (4) being less than 425 degrees Celsius. The severity of the operating conditions and the length of time the catalyst is used are controlled to hold down total carbon deposition and to increase aromatics selectivity. A catalyst comprising gallium supported on a zeolite containing base is preferred. The feed stream contains a mixture of paraffins and olefins, with aromatics production being directly related to feed olefin content.

Abstract: Catalysts comprising lead doped zirconium compounds are particularly effective in an oxidative process for upgrading low molecular weight alkanes to higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, and especially for upgrading methane to form ethane and ethylene. The catalysts can be employed in a process performed at elevated temperatures and in the presence or absence of gaseous oxygen. The catalysts are substantially free of PbO and uncombined Pb and remain stable for long periods of time.

Abstract: Molecular sieve compositions having three-dimensional microporous framework structures of LiO.sub.2, AlO.sub.2 and PO.sub.2 tetrahedral oxide units are disclosed. These molecular sieves have an empirical chemical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by the formula:mR: (Li.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2wherein "R" represents at least one organic templating agent present in the intracrystalline pore system; "m" represents the molar amount of "R" present per mole of (Li.sub.x Al.sub.y P.sub.z)O.sub.2 ; and "x", "y" and "z" represent the mole fractions of lithium, aluminum and phosphorus, respectively, present as tetrahedral oxides. Their use as adsorbents, catalysts, etc. is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting feedstock comprising C.sub.2.sup.+ olefins, C.sub.2 -C.sub.7 paraffins or mixtures thereof to product comprising C.sub.5.sup.+ hydrocarbons over a catalyst comprising a siliceous zeolite prepared by the method comprising providing zeolite Beta containing boron and aluminum, treating the zeolite with silicon tetrachloride at a temperature and for a time sufficient to replace boron with silicon, and recovering the siliceous zeolite having reduced boron content but substantially preserved initial aluminum content.

Abstract: A multi-stage catalytic olefin upgrading technique for converting lower olefinic feedstock to heavier liquid hydrocarbon product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethane and ethylene by oxidation of methane with oxygen at a temperature of 600.degree. to 900.degree. C., in which lead (II) oxide is used as catalyst (a) dispersed on a carrier of pumice, silicon carbide, zinc oxide, zirconium dioxide, and/or oxides of alkaline-earth elements, or (b) in a mixture with manganese (II) oxide dispersed on a carrier of pumice, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, zinc oxide, and/or oxides of alkaline-earth elements, or (c) without a carrier in a mixture with sodium silicate alone or in combination with silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, manganese (II) oxide, zinc oxide, and/or oxides of alkaline-earth elements. Ethane and ethylene are obtained with this process in high selectivities with good catalyst activities.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process is disclosed which extends the useful life of a regenerable zeolite-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. In one aspect of this process, a hydrocarbon feed containing fluorides is passed through a fluoride removal system which reduces the fluoride concentration of the feed to below 100 ppb. The hydrocarbon feed containing less than 100 ppb fluorine is then converted over a regenerable zeolite-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst. The zeolite-containing hydrocarbon conversion catalyst is regenerated with an oxygen-containing gas stream as necessary to burn off carbonaceous deposits on the catalyst so as to return the zeolite catalyst to a high level of activity.

Abstract: This invention relates to acid catalysis, e.g. cracking, of organic compound feedstock, e.g. hydrocarbons, over catalyst material treated in a special way for increasing the acid catalytic activity thereof. In particular, a novel catalyst activation process is followed to enhance the alpha value of high-silica zeolite catalyst by contact with an ammoniacal solution of ammonium hydroxide and an alkali metal aluminate under appropriate conditions of time, temperature of pH.

Abstract: A process is disclosed whereby a C.sub.5 hydrocarbon stream containing both olefins and paraffins is converted over an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate catalyst or an AMS-1B crystalline borosilicate composition containing an ion or molecule of a catalytically active element such as a noble metal. The C.sub.5 olefins are converted to aromatic hydrocarbons, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 paraffins and olefins and C.sub.6 -C.sub.11 paraffins and olefins.

Abstract: A method for the selective gas-phase equilibration of at least one C.sub.3 or greater monoalkene over a HAMS-1B crystalline borosilicate-based catalyst composition employing operating conditions in which the total butylene and t-amylene C.sub.5 and lower fraction of the product are maximized and the formation of C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, total aromatics and total paraffins are minimized. In another aspect of the invention the equilibration product is usefully separated by converting the isobutylene and t-amylene fractions to their methyl ethers by reaction with methanol.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing liquid products e.g. gasoline blending components by conversion of a mixed paraffin/olefin gaseous feedstock over two types of catalysts. In a first stage, the mixed feedstock is brought into contact with a partially deactivated catalyst which converts olefins in the feed into liquid products. Gaseous products now rich in paraffins are separated and brought into contact in a second stage with another catalyst which is more active than that used in the first stage. The liquid products emerging from the second stage are thereafter separated and recovered. The catalyst is preferably a gallium oxide loaded MFI type zeolite.

Abstract: A class of mixed oxide catalysts comprising Mn-containing oxides, alkali metals or compounds thereof, and at least one member of the group consisting of oxides of Zr, mixed oxides of Zr and Si, and mixed oxides of Zr and at least one alkaline earth metal. In the more preferred embodiments, the third component serves as a carrier for the Mn and alkaline metal components. The composition preferably comprises a major amount of the carrier material and minor amounts of the other components. The compositions are useful for hydrocarbon conversion, methane conversion, and oxidative dehydrogenation processes characterized by formation of coproduct water.

Abstract: A class of mixed oxide catalysts comprising at least one reducible metal oxide, which oxide produces higher hydrocarbons and water when contacted with a hydrocarbon at synthesizing conditions, at least one oxide of zirconium, and at least one oxide of yttrium. The compositions are useful for hydrocarbon conversion, methane conversion, and oxidative dehydrogenation processes characterized by the formation of coproduct water.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the production of aromatic-rich, gasoline boiling range hydrocarbons from the lower alkanes, particularly from methane. The process is carried out in two stages. In the first, alkane is reacted with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over an oxyhydrochlorination catalyst such as copper chloride with minor proportions of potassium chloride and rare earth chloride. This produces an intermediate gaseous mixture containing water and chlorinated alkanes. The chlorinated alkanes are contacted with a crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst in the hydrogen or metal promoted form to produce gasoline range hydrocarbons with a high proportion of aromatics and a small percentage of light hydrocarbons (C.sub.2 -C.sub.4). The light hydrocarbons can be recycled for further processing over the oxyhydrochlorination catalyst.