Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a catalyst composition comprising (a) at least one rare earth metal, (b) at least one zeolite, and (c) at least one diluent, wherein, said rare earth metal is impregnated in at least one of (b) and (c); the ratio of said zeolite to said diluent ranges from 1:9 to 9:1; and the amount of said rare earth metal is in the range of 0.1 to 20 w/w %. The present disclosure also relates to a process for preparing a catalyst composition. Further, the present disclosure relates to a process for reducing the olefin content in a hydrocarbon stream using the catalyst of the present disclosure.

Abstract: A catalyst can include a phosphorus modified zeolite having partly an ALPO structure. The ALPO structure can be determined by a signal between 35-45 ppm in 27Al MAS NMR spectrum. The zeolite can include at least one ten member ring in the structure thereof. The catalyst can also include a binder and one or more metal oxides. The catalyst can be used in processes in the presence of steam at high temperatures, such as temperatures that are above 300° C. and up to 800° C. The catalyst can be used in alcohol dehydration, olefin cracking, MTO processes, and alkylation of aromatic compounds with olefins and/or alcohols.

Abstract: Provided is a process for preparing alkyl aromatic compounds. The process comprises contacting an alkane under dehydrogenation conditions in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst, e.g., a pincer iridium catalyst, to form olefins, and then contacting the olefins generated with an aromatic compound under alkylation conditions. Both reactions are conducted in a single reactor, and occur simultaneously.

Abstract: Process for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, which comprises feeding the hydrocarbon and alcohol to the head of a fixed-bed reactor, operating with “trickle flow” regime, containing at least one layer of a catalyst comprising a zeolite selected from medium-pore zeolites and large-pore zeolites.

Abstract: A catalyst is described which comprises at least one IZM-2 zeolite and at least one matrix, said zeolite having a chemical composition expressed as the anhydrous base in terms of moles of oxides by the following general formula: XO2: aY2O3: bMnO, in which X represents at least one tetravalent element, Y represents at least one trivalent element and M is at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal, a and b respectively representing the number of moles of Y2O3 and MnO; and a is in the range 0.001 to 0.5, b is in the range 0 to 1 and n is in the range 1 to 2. Said catalyst is used in various processes for the transformation of hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micro-porous crystalline material that is isostructural with the mineral known as boggsite and to a method for preparing same, said material having composition x X2O3: z ZO2: y YO2, wherein: X is a trivalent element such as Al, B, Fe, In, Ga, Cr or mixtures thereof; where (y+z)/x may have values between 9 and infinity; Z corresponds to a tetravalent element selected from Si and Ge or mixtures thereof; Y corresponds to a tetravalent element such as Ti, Sn, Zr, V or mixtures thereof; and z/y may have values between 10 and infinity.

Abstract: A process for aromatic transalkylation and olefin reduction of a feed stream is disclosed. Transalkylation conditions produce xylenes and reduced olefins in the feed. The process may be used in a xylene production facility to minimize or avoid the necessity of feedstock pretreatment such as hydrotreating, hydrogenation, or treating with clay and/or molecular sieves.

Abstract: A catalyst is described which comprises at least one IZM-2 zeolite and at least one matrix, said zeolite having a chemical composition expressed as the anhydrous base in terms of moles of oxides by the following general formula: XO2: aY2O3: bMnO, in which X represents at least one tetravalent element, Y represents at least one trivalent element and M is at least one alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal, a and b respectively representing the number of moles of Y2O3 and MnO; and a is in the range 0.001 to 0.5, b is in the range 0 to 1 and n is in the range 1 to 2. Said catalyst is used in various processes for the transformation of hydrocarbon feeds.

Abstract: Methods of forming ethylbenzene are described herein. In one embodiment, the method includes contacting dilute ethylene with benzene in the presence of an alkylation catalyst to form ethylbenzene, wherein such contact occurs in a reaction zone containing a gaseous phase and recovering ethylbenzene from the reaction zone.

Abstract: An alkylation catalyst having a zeolite catalyst component and a binder component providing mechanical support for the zeolite catalyst component is disclosed. The binder component is an ion-modified binder that can include metal ions selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ti, Zr, V, Nb, K, Cs, Ga, B, P, Rb, Ag, Na, Cu, Mg, Fe, Mo, Ce, and combinations thereof. The metal ions reduce the number of acid sites on the zeolite catalyst component. The metal ions can range from 0.1 to 50 wt % based on the total weight of the ion-modified binder. Optionally, the ion-modified binder is present in amounts ranging from 1 to 80 wt % based on the total weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a reactor system for preparing linear alpha-olefins by oligomerization of ethylene in the presence of an organic solvent and an oligomerization catalyst, wherein a product fraction of C10+ alpha-olefins contaminated with aromatic C9+ compounds is separated from a product main stream and transferred into a conversion reactor, where C10+ alpha-olefins and aromatic C9+ components are reacted in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts alkylation catalyst to produce aromatic C19+ compounds.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for manufacturing a mono-alkylaromatic aromatic compound, said process comprising contacting a feedstock comprising an alkylatable aromatic compound and an alkylating agent under alkylation reaction conditions with a catalyst comprising EMM-13, wherein said EMM-13 is a molecular sieve comprising a framework of tetrahedral atoms bridged by oxygen atoms, the tetrahedral atom framework being defined by a unit cell with atomic coordinates in nanometers shown in Table 3.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of aromatics such as benzene with olefins such as cumene and ethylbenzene and in a reaction zone containing high activity UZM-8 catalysts. The process is carried out at a high weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) while still achieving complete olefin conversion in the reaction zone.

Abstract: A process for converting polyalkylaromatics to monoalkylaromatics, particularly cumene, in the presence of a modified LZ-210 zeolite catalyst is disclosed. The process attains greater selectivity, reduced formation of undesired byproducts, and increased activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylaromatics by reacting aromatic compounds with C1-C14-alkanes in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst, which comprises using as the catalyst a crystalline, micro- and/or mesoporous solid comprising silicon and at least one father element selected from the group consisting of the transition metals and the main group elements gallium and tin, and activating said catalysts by a reducing pretreatment. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process for preparing alkylarylsulfonates by sulfonating and neutralizing the alkyl aromatic compounds.

Abstract: The alkylation of aromatic compound with acyclic mono-olefin is effected at low aromatic compound to mono-olefin ratios with reduced co-production of heavies. In the processes a small crystal, acidic FAU molecular sieve is used as a catalyst under alkylation conditions. This invention also relates to catalysts containing small crystal, acidic FAU molecular sieve and at least one other acidic catalytic component.

Abstract: A side-chain of a substituted aromatic compound is alkylated by reacting the aromatic compound with an alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst comprises a restructured smectite clay to which basic ions are incorporated by ion-exchange. The restructuring of the smectite clay is carried out by acid-treating the clay prior to ion-exchange.

Abstract: Alkylation of metaxylene with isobutylene using a solid active clay catalyst produces 5-tert-butyl-metaxylene with high isomer selectivity with respect to 4-tert-butyl-metaxylene. The process is controlled to extend catalyst life and significantly reduce environmentally unfriendly waste.

Abstract: A method for producting a solid acid catalyst is provided which produces a shaped material of a solid acid catalyst containing a sulfureous component but have a high activity and having a practically sufficient handleability and mechanical strength involves the steps of (a) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and having a peak diameter in the range of 0.05 to 1 &mgr;m in a pore diameter distribution of 0.05 to 10 &mgr;m; and having a sulfuerous component supported on the support or (b) fabricating a support containing a portion of zirconia and/or hydrated zirconia and a portion of alumina and/or hydrated alumina and including pores having a pore diameter of not less than 0.05 &mgr;m and not more than 1 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of 0.05 to 0.5 ml/g and pores having a pore diameter of about 1 &mgr;m and not more than 10 &mgr;m occupying a pore volume of below 0.

Abstract: It has been discovered that para-xylene (PX) can be synthesized with improved selectivity by reacting an aromatic compound such as toluene and/or benzene with a reactant(s) such as a combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide and/or methanol or methylating agents produced therefrom. Catalytic reaction systems are employed, such as crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates having one-dimensional channel structure, para-alkyl selectivated crystalline or amorphous aluminosilicates, para-alkyl selectivated substituted aluminosilicates, crystalline or amorphous substituted silicates having one-dimensional channel structure, para-alkyl selectivated substituted silicates, crystalline or amorphous aluminophosphates, para-alkyl selectivated crystalline or amorphous aluminophosphates, para-alkyl selectivated zeolite-bound zeolite and para-alkyl selectivated substituted aluminophosphates, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A solid catalyst alkylation process that wets catalyst particles with the alkylation substrate prior to introducing the catalyst particles to a liquid phase alkylation reactor is disclosed. A vapor stream from the wetting step that comprises the alkylation substrate and a reactor effluent stream comprising product alkylate and excess alkylation substrate are both passed to the product recovery zone, which recovers the alkylate product and recycles the alkylation substrate. Routing the vapor stream and the reactor effluent stream together to the product recovery zone minimizes pressure imbalances, ensures steady catalyst flow, and minimizes equipment costs. This process is applicable to alkylation processes that produce motor fuels.

Abstract: Detergent-quality linear alkylaromatics are recovered from an alkylation reactor effluent containing polymeric byproducts, such as dimers and trimers of the olefinic feedstock. The effluent stream passes to another reactor operating at a higher temperature than the first reactor. Heavy alkylate is separated from the detergent-quality linear alkylaromatics by conventional separation methods such as distillation. This invention decreases the concentration of polymeric byproducts in the linear alkylaromatics. The benefits of this invention include a higher linearity and/or a lower bromine index in the detergent-quality linear alkylaromatic product, as well as a lower color after sulfonation of the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate.

Abstract: A process for reducing the mutagenicity of a coal-tar-based product containing polynuclear aromatic compounds. The process includes the step of contacting the coal-tar-based product in the presence of an alkylating agent with an acid catalyst under alkylation conditions sufficient to reduce the mutagenicity of the polynuclear aromatic containing coal-tar-based material to a level less than the initial mutagenicity index value. Also provided are non-carcinogenic coal-tar-derived products.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a clay belonging to the family of smectites, containing multi-metal pillars, together with a process which uses such a catalyst for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of long chain linear olefins. The resulting alkyl-aromatic compounds are useful for preparing biodegradable synthetic detergents.

Abstract: A process for the alkylation of aromatic compounds with an olefin or alkyl halide having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms utilizes a novel catalyst comprising: a) a refractory inorganic oxide, b) the reaction product of a first metal halide and bound surface hydroxyl groups of the refractory inorganic oxide, c) a second metal cation, and d) optionally a zerovalent third metal. The refractory inorganic oxide is selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, zirconia, chromia, silica, boria, silica-alumina, and combinations thereof and the first metal halide is a fluoride, chloride, or bromide of aluminum, gallium, zirconium, or boron. The second metal cation is selected from the group consisting of: monovalent metal cations in an amount from 0.0026 up to about 0.20 gram atoms per 100 grams refractory inorganic oxide for lithium, potassium, cerium, rubidium, silver, and copper, and from 0.012 to about 0.20 gram atoms for sodium; and alkaline earth metal cations in an amount from about 0.0013 up to about 0.

Abstract: An alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is produced having the following properties: (a) less than 40 wt. % of the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is 2-aryl; and (b) at least 20 wt. % of the alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is a monoalkylate. That alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon is produced by isomerizing a normal alpha-olefin having from 20 to 28 carbon atoms in the presence of a first acidic catalyst to produce a partially-branched, isomerized olefin, then either benzene or toluene is alkylated with the partially-branched, isomerized olefin in the presence of a second solid, acidic catalyst. The first acidic catalyst can be a molecular sieve with a one-dimensional pore system. The second acidic catalyst can be a zeolite Y having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 40:1.

Abstract: A mono-methylation process for the production of methylated aromatics by reacting aromatics with dimethylcarbonate in the presence of a metal oxide or binary metal oxide catalyst. A process for preparing toluene from benzene by reacting with dimethylcarbonate and a process for preparing xylene from toluene by reacting with dimethylcarbonate are described.

Abstract: A catalyst is disclosed which comprises a clay belonging to the family of smectites, containing multi-metal pillars, together with a process which uses such a catalyst for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons by means of long chain linear olefins. The resulting alkyl-aromatic compounds are useful for preparing biodegradable synthetic detergents.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a reactive distillation process and system for the alkylation of liquid aromatic compounds with a liquid olefin or olefin/paraffin mixture. The aromatic compound may have from about 6 to about 30 carbons and the olefin may have from about 8 to 30 carbons. The system has a reactor configuration utilizing an alkylation catalyst, a reboiler with product takeoff, and a feed inlet above the catalyst bed. The system may also include a means for in-situ mixing of the aromatic compound and olefin or olefin/paraffin mixture, an overhead condenser and/or a water takeoff.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes, e.g., alkylation, are disclosed and claimed which use as the catalyst novel fluoride containing substituted smectite clays. The clay has the formulaA.sub.x (M.sub.y M'.sub.4-y)(Si.sub.8-x M.sub.t M'.sub.v)O.sub.20 (OH).sub.4-u F.sub.uwhere A is a cation, M and M' are metals having a +3 oxidation state, each selected from the group consisting of aluminum, gallium, iron and chromium, x is the moles of A, y is the moles of M, t and v are the moles of M and M' in the tetrahedral layer and t+v=x and u is the moles of F. The clay composition may be used as is or after pillaring to catalyze hydrocarbon conversion processes such as alkylation.

Abstract: A process for removing dienes from etherification uses a hydrogenation zone in the reactor distillation column above the etherification zone. MTBE is produced and the unreacted C.sub.4 stream is also subjected to selective hydrogenation of the butadiene contained in the C.sub.4 feed stream. The C.sub.4 stream is first contacted with methanol in the etherification zone where the MTBE is distilled downward. The unreacted C.sub.4 's then are subjected to selective hydrogenation in the hydrogenation zone where butadiene in the overhead raffinate is reduced by over 90%. The hydrotreated C.sub.4 's are thus suitable for cold acid alkylation or other use wherein butadiene is harmful.

Abstract: Tetrahedrally charged clays have been found to be active, regenerable catalysts in detergent alkylation, both as delaminated and pillared clays. The pillared saponites and beidellites are especially favored in forming detergent range alkylates using olefins as the alkylating agent to afford products with high monoalkylation selectivity and high linearity. Catalysts can be regenerated by a benzene wash or, after severe deactivation, by a carbon burn.

Abstract: A process for reducing the mutagenicity of a polynuclear aromatic containing material containing from three to seven fused aromatic rings, especially a hydrocarbon refinery stream. The process reduces the initial mutagenicity index to a lower value by alkylating the compound with an alkylating agent which introduces an alkyl substituent having from three to five carbon atoms into the aromatic compound in the presence of an acid catalyst under alkylation conditions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a treated pillared clay made by the process comprising the steps of:(A) contacting at least one clay with an effective amount of at least one ammonium ion source to exchange sodium and/or calcium ions in said clay for ammonium ions to provide an ammonium-containing clay, said clay comprising metal oxides and hydroxides and having a lamellar structure with lamellar layers and interlamellar spaces disposed between the lamellar layers and exchangeable sodium and/or calcium ions occupying said interlamellar spaces;(B) contacting said ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one source of fluorine to replace at least part of the hydroxyl groups in said clay with fluorine to provide a fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay;(C) contacting said fluorine- and ammonium-containing clay with an effective amount of at least one pillaring agent to form a fluorine-containing pillared clay; and(D) contacting said fluorine-containing pillared clay with an effective amount of at l

Abstract: A fluorided silica-alumina catalyst, particularly one with a silica:alumina ratio in the range of 1:1-9:1 containing from 1 to 6 weight percent fluoride, is particularly effective in the liquid phase alkylation of benzene by linear olefins to produce linear alkyl benzenes at temperatures no greater than 140.degree. C. These catalysts also are effective in the liquid phase alkylation of alkylatable aromatics generally with a variety of alkylating agents, including olefins, alcohols, and alkyl halides.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared by alkylating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by heating and reacting an alumina with at least one carbonate of an alkali metal and at least one material selected from the group consisting of potassium and alkali metal hydrides at a temperature of from 180.degree. to 800.degree. C. in an inert gas atmosphere, as a catalyst.

Abstract: Long chain alkyl substituted aromatic compounds, particularly alkylated naphthalenes are produced by the alkylation of aromatics, e.g. naphthalene, with an olefin or other alkylating agent possessing at least 6 carbon atoms, usually 12 to 20 carbon atoms, in the presence of an alkylation catalyst which comprises a mesoporous crytalline material. The mesoporous material has pores with diameters of at least 13 .ANG. which, in the preferred catalytic form, are arranged in a uniform hexagonal arrangement, and have a X-ray diffraction pattern with at least one d-spacing greater than about 18 .ANG.. These materials exhibit benzene adsorption capacities greater than about 15 grams benzene per 100 grams at 50 torr and 25.degree. C. In its preferred catalytic form, the crystalline material exhibits a hexagonal electron diffraction pattern that can be indexed with a d.sub.100 value greater than about 18 .ANG. which corresponds to at least one peak in the X-ray diffraction pattern.

Abstract: It is disclosed that aromatic compounds can be alkylated with mono-olefinic HVI-PAO dimer in contact with an acidic catalyst to produce novel alkylated aromatic compositions. It has been found that the novel HVI-PAO dimer alkylated aromatic compositions exhibit an extraordinary combination of properties relating to low viscosity with high viscosity index and low pour point which renders them very useful as lubricant basestock. Further, it has been found that the novel alkylaromatic compositions of the present invention show improved oxidative stability. Depending upon the substituent groups on the aromatic nucleus, useful lubricant additives can be prepared for improved antiwear, antioxidant and other properties. HVI-PAO dimer is prepared as a product or by-product from 1-alkene oligomerization using reduced chromium oxide on solid support.

Abstract: 1-Aminoanthraquinone (1-AAQ) is synthesized by the reaction of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride and xylene in the presence of a solid acid catalyst to yield 2-chloro dimethyldiphenylmethane, subsequent oxidation of the methyl groups, ring closure to form a 1-chloroanthraquinone carboxylic acid, replacement of the 1-chloro group with ammonia, and decarboxylation.

Abstract: An alkyl-substituted hydrocarbon is prepared effectively under mild conditions by alkylating an alkyl aromatic hydrocarbon having at least one hydrogen atom at an alpha-position in a side chain with an olefin in the presence of a solid base which is obtainable by treating a water-containing oxide of an alkaline earth metal with at least one material selected from the group consisting of alkali metals and alkali metal hydrides in an amount of 0.5 to 3.5 equivalents per one mole of water in said oxide in an inert gas atmosphere.

Abstract: There is provided a new process for conducting heterogeneous chemical reactions in which a particulate catalyst is slurried in one of the reactant streams and fed into a distillation column reactor in a distillation reaction zone. The distillation reaction zone contains inert packing which provides the distillation structure for separation. The slurried catalyst trickles downward through the inert packing and is removed with the bottoms and separated therefrom for regeneration or replacement.

Abstract: A method for preparing .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its precursor is here disclosed which comprises a step A of forming p-isobutylstyrene from p-isobutylethylbenzene and a step B of forming .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionaldehyde from p-isobutylstyrene or a step C of forming .alpha.-(4-isobutylphenyl)propionic acid or its alkyl ester from p-isobutylstyrene.Furthermore, a method for preparing said p-isobutylethylbenzene is also disclosed which comprises alkylating isobutylbenzene or 4-ethyltoluene with ethylene or propylene.

Abstract: Catalyst particles which are employed in reactions involving the conversion of organic compounds should possess a desired configuration in order to maintain a desired voidage which will permit passage of the feedstock through the catalyst bed during the conversion reaction. Solid phosphoric acid catalysts which comprise an admixture of an acid of phosphorus and a solid binder such as a siliceous material may be formed into polylobular, tubular, ridged, fluted, or channeled cylindrical particles which will permit a sufficient amount of voidage in the catalyst bed to be maintained even though the catalyst particles will swell during the reaction due to the formation of coke on the surface thereof.

Abstract: Alkyl aromatic compounds may be prepared by reacting an aromatic compound such as benzene with an alkylating agent such as an olefin or alkyl halide in the presence of an alkylation catalyst. The alkylation catalyst of the present invention comprises a clay which has been coextruded with a multi-valent metal and preferably a metal selected from the group consisting of Groups IIIA, IIIB and IVB of the Periodic Table. The resultant extrudate is then impregnated with a dissimilar multi-valent metal selected from the above named groups followed by calcination to form the desired composite. By utiilzing this catalytic composite in an alkylation reaction it is possible to obtain improved yields of alkyl aromatic compounds which may then be used in the preparation of biodegradable detergents.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting a catalytic distillation process is provided which allows for maintaining a liquid level in selected portions of the catalyst bed. Three particular processes disclosed are the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether, tertiary butyl alcohol and cumene. A method for the production of methyl tertiary butyl ether by reaction of isobutene with methanol in a distillation reaction column is disclosed wherein a liquid level maintained in the distillation reaction zone.

Abstract: A diethyltoluene mixture rich in 2,5-diethyltoluene and containing less tha 5% of the 3,5-diethyltoluene can be prepared by methylating 1,4-diethylbenzene with an excess of methanol in the presence of amorphous silica-alumina catalysts. The most desirable catalysts have a silica:alumina ratio from about 2:1 through about 9:1. Methylation is conveniently effected in a temperature range between about 300.degree. C. and about 450.degree. C. and most desirably in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Abstract: A method of selective beta-alkylation of aromatic substrates such as naphthalene or a derivative thereof, comprising reacting the substrate with an alcohol or olefin alkylating agent in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a crystallized borosilicate glass zeolite and a crystalline alumina-silica catalyst, said catalyst being at least 86% beta selective with respect to the alkylation of naphthalene by the alkylating agent.

Abstract: 3-Ethylbenzophenone is prepared by oxidizing a by-product heavy oil fraction produced in the production of ethylbenzene using ZSM-5 type synthetic zeolite catalyst, without splitting carbon-to-carbon bonds. 3-Ethylbenzophenone is a starting material for synthesis of medicines, etc.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel treating process for the removal of trace quantities of olefinic impurities from a hydrocarbon process stream. Specifically, this process operates at liquid phase conditions treating hydrocarbon streams comprising substantially aromatics and naphthenes having Bromine Index values of about 50 to 2,000. A solid medium comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a refractory oxide is used to reduce the level of olefin impurities to Bromine Index values of 0.1 to 50.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon conversion processes including hydrocracking and hydrotreating are performed utilizing a novel phosphorus-modified alumina composite comprising a hydrogel having a molar ratio on an elemental basis of phosphorus to aluminum of from 1:1 to 1:100 together with a surface area of about 140 to 450 m.sup.2 /gm. The composite is prepared by admixing an alumina hydrosol with a phosphorus-containing compound to form a phosphorus-modified sol and gelling said admixture.