Abstract: The present disclosure provides a lubricating oil concentrate containing an ethoxylated ether amine and a base oil. The lubricating oil concentrate is capable of forming a stable, low foaming emulsion when added to an aqueous medium and may be useful in metalworking and cleaning fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing the polymer grade low-carbon olefin through separation of the methanol pyrolysis gas, including steps of the compression, impurity removal, and absorption and separation. In the absorption and separation step, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the front-end ethylene removing column, and then is, with the C4 absorbent, further absorbed and separated to produce polymer grade ethylene products, polymer grade propylene products, and C4 and C5 products. The moderate-temperature and moderate-pressure separation without a cold box according to the present invention provides safer production process, less investment in the equipment, as well as easier separation and lower energy consumption as a result of the front-end ethylene removing and C4 absorption and separation process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing low-odor n-butane by catalytic hydrogenation of a feed mixture. The aim of the invention is to provide such a method, wherein the feed material, in addition to n-butane, n-butene and up to 1 mass % formic acid and/or up to 1 mass % pentanals and/or up to 0.5 mass % pentanols, also comprises carbon monoxide. The aim is achieved by treating the feed mixture in the temperature range of 15 to 120° C. with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the concentration range of 0.5 to 30 mass % and subsequently subjecting the feed mixture to the catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for extracting one or more sulfur compounds. The process may include mixing a hydrocarbon stream containing the one or more sulfur compounds with an alkaline stream in at least one vessel. Often, the at least one vessel includes a member forming a perimeter about an interior space and having a first side and a second side forming a passageway communicating at least one of the hydrocarbon stream and the alkaline stream from an outer surface of the member to the interior space, and a frustum. The frustum can be positioned proximate to the passageway and abutting the member for facilitating contacting of the hydrocarbon stream and the alkaline stream.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a process for removing one or more sulfur compounds from a first liquid. The process can include passing the first liquid through a first inlet and a second liquid through a second inlet, and passing the first liquid through a first outlet and the second liquid through a second outlet of a vessel. The vessel may further have a plurality of vortex contactors. Often, the plurality of vortex contactors has a first vortex contactor, in turn including at least one wall and a frustum. The at least one wall can form a perimeter about an interior space and include a first side and a second side forming a passageway communicating the first liquid from an exterior to the interior space, and a frustum positioned proximate to the passageway and abutting the at least one wall for facilitating contacting of the first and second liquids to extract the one or more sulfur compounds from the first liquid to the second liquid.

Abstract: A process for removing acid gases from a hydrocarbonaceous fluid stream or an oxygen-comprising fluid stream in which the fluid stream is contacted with an aqueous solution which is essentially free from inorganic basic salts and comprises (i) at least one amine and (ii) at least one metal salt of an aminocarboxylic acid and/or an aminosulfonic acid. Conjoint use of the aminocarboxylic and/or aminosulfonic salt reduces the coabsorption of hydrocarbons or oxygen without significantly impairing the absorption rate at which acid gases are absorbed, without significantly reducing the absorption capacity of the solution for acid gases, and without significantly increasing the energy demand required for regeneration.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to the separation of gases and to a process for the removal of carbon dioxide gas using liquid absorbents.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relate to removal of mercury from crude oil. Such removal relies on transferring mercury from a liquid hydrocarbon stream to a natural gas stream upon contacting the liquid hydrocarbon stream with the natural gas stream. Processing of the natural gas stream after used to strip the mercury from the liquid hydrocarbon stream removes the mercury from the natural gas stream.

Abstract: A new purification technique for alkylene oxides is described. The technique is safer than previously reported methods and does not require cooling of the purification vessel. In a solution of a high-boiling point solvent and butyllithium, an alkylene oxide is added and allowed to react at ambient temperature. The impurities readily react with the butyllithium while the alkylene oxide does not. The low-boiling alkylene oxide is then easily distilled out of the high-boiling point solvent as a pure material ready for use in controlled polymerization reactions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for removing mercury from a liquid hydrocarbon stream by contacting the mercury-containing liquid hydrocarbon stream with ferrous halide at moderate temperatures and without preheating the liquid hydrocarbon stream, or subjecting the liquid hydrocarbon stream to a heat treating step, immediately prior to contact with the ferrous halide particles.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide highly pure ?-methylstyrene by efficiently removing polar substances present in the ?-methylstyrene. The present invention discloses a method for purifying ?-methylstyrene by reacting polar substances contained in the ?-methylstyrene in the presence of a basic substance, and separating a reaction product of the polar substance and the ?-methylstyrene.

Abstract: Metal hydride compounds, which are prepared by mixing together from about 1 to about 10 parts by molecular weight of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, tin, and zinc; from about 1 to about 3 parts by molecular weight of an alkali metal hydroxide; and from about 5 to about 10 parts by molecular weight of water and allowing this mixture to stand for a time sufficient to form a metal hydride, can be used for making fuel additives, treating sour gas, enhancing oil refining, extracting oil from tar sands and shale, increasing production of hydrogen from a hydrogen plant, treating oil and gas wells to enhance production, eliminate PCBs, cleaning soil contaminated by hydrocarbons and/or heavy metals, controlling odors, cleaning polluting stack emissions, extracting edible and essential oils, and eliminating bacteria, fungicides, and parasites from vegetation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for reducing levels of residual halogen and Group IIIb metals in a crude poly(?-olefin) polymerized in the presence of a catalyst comprising the halogen and Group IIIb metals, wherein the method comprises: A) washing the crude poly(?-olefin) with water; B) separating the aqueous and organic phases; C) then adding an adsorbent selected from the group consisting of magnesium silicates, calcium silicates, aluminum silicates, aluminum oxides, and clays to the organic phase to form a slurry; D) heating the slurry under reduced pressure at a temperature of at least about 180° C. for at least about thirty minutes; and then E) separating the adsorbent from the slurry.

Abstract: A process for removing odors from hydrocarbons is disclosed. Odor-free hydrocarbons obtained by the process are described, which hydrocarbons are particularly suitable for use in cosmetic applications. Cosmetic formulations which contain the odor-free hydrocarbons are also described.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for removal of carbon dioxide from a reactor effluent stream comprising water, carbon dioxide and olefin(s), where a portion of the carbon dioxide is removed in a quenching step with a quench medium and more carbon dioxide is removed by contacting the quenched effluent stream with an alkaline stream. A portion of the alkaline stream is added to the quench medium.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for producing olefin(s) from oxygenates that is more effective than previously known processes at removing carbon dioxide from the effluent stream by operating a quench tower at a pH greater than 7.0.

Abstract: A method for recovering titanium and vanadium compounds, such as alkoxides, from a liquid hydrocarbon mixture by hydrolyzing the mixture with a base or acid wash having a sufficiently different density so that two liquid phases form, and separating the two liquid phases.

Abstract: A safe, effective, and economical method is provided for recovering olefins from cat-cracked gases without accumulating dangerous amounts of nitrogen oxides. A stream of cat-cracked gas first is scrubbed to remove acid gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), and then is passed through a depropanizer fractionation tower. Hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms of the depropanizer, and the overhead from the depropanizer--which is composed of hydrocarbons having three or fewer carbon atoms--is sent to an absorber demethanizer tower. Hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms from the absorber demethanizer tower, where temperatures are no lower than about -45.56.degree. C. (-50.degree. F.) The overhead from the absorber demethanizer tower--which is composed of methane, hydrogen, and trace amounts of nitrogen oxide, C.sub.2, and absorbent (C.sub.3)--then is chilled to condense and recover trace amounts of C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the desulfurization of a sulfur-containing composition is described. The process comprises providing a sulfur-containing composition, adding an aqueous medium and a sulfur absorbent to the composition, and subjecting the resultant mixture to hydrothermal reaction under specific conditions to obtain a desulfurized product. When the sulfur-containing composition is made of vulcanized rubbers, the rubber can be converted into oily substances by treating the rubber product under supercritical conditions using an aqueous medium. The conversion reaction is facilitated by addition of metal oxides or salts.

Abstract: The present invention provides borohydrides that are useful in reducing aldol condensation and subsequent polymer formation in caustic scrubbers. The borohydrides are believed to react with reactive carbonyls yielding more stable alcohols and a salt of the borohydride which remains water soluble, and thus is unlikely to be carried out with the hydrocarbon phase. The borohydrides of the present invention have the potential to reduce reactive carbonyls at a molar ratio as high as about 4:1::carbonyl:borohydride. A preferred borohydride is sodium borohydride (sodium tetrahydroborate).

Abstract: Mercury is removed from a liquid hydrocarbon fraction by effecting high-temperature heat treatment to convert an organic mercury compound into an inorganic mercury compound or elemental mercury, removing a higher molecular weight component from the fraction, removing water from the fraction, and thereafter contacting the fraction with an adsorbent in the form of active carbon having calcium or a calcium compound supported thereon. Although only a minor amount of mercury is contained in the liquid hydrocarbon fraction, mercury can be efficiently removed at low cost on an industrial large scale, achieving an extremely low mercury concentration.

Abstract: A safe and reliable method of removing halogenated aromatic compounds present in small amounts in hydrocarbon oil constituted mainly by non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil. The hydrocarbon oil is contacted with a heat-resistant alkaline polar solvent in the presence of an alkaline at a temperature ranging from about 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., and the non-aromatic hydrocarbon oil and heat-resistant alkaline polar solvent are then separated, thereby removing the halogenated aromatic compounds from the hydrocarbon oil.

Abstract: A safe, effective, and economical method is provided for recovering olefins from cat-cracked gases without accumulating dangerous amounts of nitrogen oxides. A stream of cat-cracked gas first is scrubbed to remove acid gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO.sub.2), and then is passed through a depropanizer fractionation tower. Hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms of the depropanizer, and the overhead from the depropanizer--which is composed of hydrocarbons having three or fewer carbon atoms--is sent to an absorber demethanizer tower. Hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms are recovered in the bottoms from the absorber demethanizer tower, where temperatures are no lower than about -45.56.degree. C. (-50.degree. F.). The overhead from the absorber demethanizer tower--which is composed of methane, hydrogen, and trace amounts of nitrogen oxide, C.sub.2, and absorbent (C.sub.3)--then is chilled to condense and recover trace amounts of C.sub.

Abstract: A highly polymerizable dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) monomer composition is obtained. The dicyclopentadiene so obtained is highly suitable for ring-opening polymerization by metathesis catalysts. The active DCPD yields articles with excellent physical properties upon in-mold polymerization.

Abstract: Impregnated carbon adsorbents for the removal of mercury from liquid hydrocarbons are used in a variety of applications. The activated carbon impregnated adsorbents in the present invention remain effective in removing mercury. Generally, these activated carbons are comprised of an activated carbon adsorbent impregnated with a composition containing metal halide or other reducing halide, supplemented according to the desired characteristics with other elements. The formulation of the impregnants in the present invention can be varied to adjust the performance characteristics so as to meet the desired mercury removal performance criteria, to achieve enhanced removal of organic bound mercury from liquid hydrocarbon, and to have other advantages useful in a variety of applications. These impregnated carbon adsorbents possess desirable qualities regarding their ability to remove even trace levels of mercury from liquid hydrocarbon without a leaching effect of the impregnants used.

Abstract: Conjugated diene impurities are removed from linear alpha-olefin products by contacting the linear alpha-olefin product with an acid treated montmorillonite clay which is effective to reduce the conjugated diene content of the linear alpha-olefin product, preferably to less than about 100 ppm, without substantial isomerization of the linear alpha-olefins to internal olefins.

Abstract: A carotenoid-enriched fraction is extracted from natural sources, such as carrots, by (i) separating the carotenoid-containing natural source into a carotenoid-containing liquid fraction and a pulp fraction, (ii) adding a carotenoid precipitation agent including calcium chloride, calcium hydroxide, calcium lactate or calcium gluconate to the liquid fraction to form a carotenoid-enriched solid precipitate, and (iii) separating the carotenoid-enriched solid precipitate from the carotenoid-depleted liquid portion.

Abstract: The separation of durene in high purity from coal tar or petroleum fractions by an adsorptive chromatographic process and liquid phase with lithium-exchanged X zeolite as the adsorbent and liquid aromatic desorbents.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of a solution of a percarbonate compound to prevent fouling during the basic washing of hydrocarbons containing oxygenated compounds. More specifically, oxygenated compounds such as carbonyl containing organics have a tendency to polymerize, producing fouling elements when such are contained in hydrocarbons being washed with basic materials. Solutions of percarbonate compounds are quite effective in reducing the fouling tendencies due to these specific mechanisms.

Abstract: A method for refining liquified petroleum gases so that gases can be treated to reduce odor, olefins, moisture and wherein side reactions are minimized to produce stable aerosol by multistage liquid-liquid extraction of the aerosol using electrolyte solutions at controlled pH, chemically treating, drying and finishing by using molecular sieves and metal sulfides.

Abstract: An adsorption process for separating the high octane components, including multi-branched paraffins and isopentane of a C.sub.5 -C.sub.6 isomerate from lower octane monobranched and normal paraffin components by contacting the isomerate with an X zeolite exchanged with a mixture of at least two cations from Group II-A. The adsorbed low octane components are preferably desorbed with a desorbent selected from the group consisting essentially of isooctane, 2,2,3-trimethyl pentane, 2,2,4-trimethyl pentane, 2,3,4-trimethyl pentane, 1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane, 2,2-dimethyl hexane, 2,2-dimethyl octane, 3-ethyl hexane, 2,2,4-trimethyl hexane and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Solutions of caustic and sulfite are used in a single step process to remove aldehydes and vinyl esters from gaseous and liquid process streams.

Abstract: Disclosed is a two-step method for separating isobutylene from a C-4 hydrocarbon fraction comprising:a) Reacting the C-4 fraction with a glycol in the presence of an acidic montmorillonite catalyst at a temperature of about 60.degree. to 160.degree. C. to yield the corresponding glycol mono-t-butyl ether, and subsequentlyb) reacting the intermediate glycol ether product over the same class of catalyst at a temperature of about 100.degree. to 220.degree. C. to regenerate the isolatable isobutylene.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for treating hydrotreated naphtha which involves treating the naphtha over massive nickel catalyst followed by treating the naphtha over a metal oxide under conditions effective for removing impurities from said naphtha to result in substantially purified naphtha, wherein the metal oxide is selected from the group of metal oxides having a free energy of formation of sulfide which exceeds said free energy of formation of platinum sulfide, such as manganous oxide. In so doing, naphtha in the gas phase in the presence of hydrogen is passed over the manganous oxide at a temperature within the range of about 800.degree. F. and 1100.degree. F., a hydrogen to oil molar ratio between about 1:1 and 6:1, a whsv between about 2 and 8, and pressure between about 50 and 300 psig; and the naphtha in the liquid phase at a temperature between about 300.degree. F. and about 350.degree. F., and whsv less than about 5 is passed over the massive nickel.

Abstract: The incorporation of a proton acceptor to an HF alkylation composition. The addition alters the character of HF droplets in an HF cloud rendering a forming HF cloud more easily treated by a simple water drench.

Abstract: A process for removing copper and/or iron impurities from a liquid hydrocarbon-containing feed comprises contacting the feed with an aqueous treating agent comprising water-soluble alkali metal silicate (in particular sodium silicate) and/or a surfactant, in particular an anionic surfactant.

Abstract: A process for producing technically pure, chlorine-free cyclohexadecadiene by purifying the product mixture obtained preferably from the metathesis of cyclooctene by first removing by distillation the low boiling C.sub.6 hydrocarbons and any water that may be present, then treating the sump product with a solution of a strongly alkaline compound at about 100.degree.-250.degree. C. After separation of the thus-formed salts, the thus-pretreated product mixture may be subjected to fractional distillation in the usual way.

Abstract: Nickel, aluminum and chlorine derivatives which remain dissolved in olefin oligomers after oligomerization in the presence of a catalyst comprising nickel, aluminum and chlorine compounds, are removed from the crude product by treatment with:oxygen or a gas containing oxygen,anhydrous ammonia, anda solution of an alkali metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for reducing the level of sulfur compounds from liquid conjugated diolefin hydrocarbons by contacting said sulfur compound-bearing hydrocarbon liquids with sorbents prepared by combining particulate alumina with at least one compound decomposable to of sodium oxide, barium oxide, calcium oxide or a salt decomposable to potassium oxide, but excluding potassium carbonate and potassium bicarbonate and calcining. The process is particularly useful for removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon disulfide from butadiene and isoprene.

Abstract: Process for the upgrading of hydrocarbons comprising conjugated diolefins using a dispersion of an alkali(ne earth) metal, characterized in that the upgrading is carried out in the presence of an aliphatic amine having at least one primary amine group.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of cyclopentadiene present in a hydrocarbon stream containing isoprene and cyclopentadiene which involves contacting the stream with a base wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium fluoride. The base is situated on activated carbon carrier.

Abstract: Solvents which may be used as mediums for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons to form polymers useful as membranes in a gas separation process require purification to remove any impurities which will effect the aforesaid polymerization. Purification of these solvents such as cyclohexane may be effected by treating the solvent with titanium tetrachloride, contacting the solution with an adsorbent such as silica gel and thereafter distilling the solvent in the presence of a purification agent such as an alkaline metal aluminum hydride or borohydride.

Abstract: A process for reducing the level of cyclopentadiene present in a hydrocarbon stream containing isoprene and cyclopentadiene which involves contacting the stream with a base wherein said base is selected from the group consisting of potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and potassium fluoride. The base is situated on activated carbon carrier.

Abstract: Isobutene is separated from a charge hydrocarbon stream, which may contain butadiene, in two stages in the first of which isobutene is present in excess and in the second of which isobutene is present in deficiency. In the first stage, a strongly acidic ion exchanger is used and in the second stage, an exchanger with a less powerful H.sup.+ loading is used.