Abstract: Process for the purification of the solvent deriving from the production of an elastomeric blend comprising the following steps: (a) optionally, subjecting said solvent to a pre-washing (2) in the presence of at least one acid or basic aqueous solution; (b) feeding said solvent to a liquid-liquid separation column (7); (c) feeding the stream leaving the head of said liquid-liquid separation column (7) to an azeotropic distillation column (21); (d) feeding the stream withdrawn laterally (side-withdrawal) from said azeotropic distillation column (21) to an adsorption section (34a/b); Said process allows to obtain a polymer grade solvent having a quality suitable for being used indifferently and contemporaneously in various types of production plants of elastomeric (co)polymers, i.e. in plants wherein an anionic (co)polymerization is carried out, and also in plants wherein a Ziegler-Natta (co)polymerization is carried out.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for production of a high purity conjugated diolefin. The method for production of a conjugated diolefin of the present invention comprises steps of supplying a source gas containing a C4 or higher monoolefin and an oxygen-containing gas into a reactor, bringing a catalyst into contact with the gas mixture, compressing a gas containing a conjugated diolefin produced by an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction to obtain a liquefied gas and rinsing the liquefied gas with water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the removal of mercury from a mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed using specifically selected ionic liquids comprising, contacting the mercury-containing hydrocarbon fluid feed with an ionic liquid having the formula [Cat+][M+][X?] and separating from the ionic liquid a hydrocarbon fluid product having a reduced mercury content compared to the mercury-containing fluid feed.

Abstract: Oil is recovered from a mercury containing oily solids by mixing the solids with at least a treating agent selected from selected from flocculants, sulfidic compounds, demulsifiers, and combinations thereof, and optionally a solvent, forming a mixture. The mixture is then separated to recover a first phase containing treated oil having less than 50% of the original amount of mercury in the oily solids, and a second phase containing treated solids having a reduced concentration of mercury. In one embodiment, the oily solids comprise filter aid materials, e.g., diatomaceous earth filter media, removed from a mercury removal filtration unit by backflushing the filter.

Abstract: We provide a process comprising: a. feeding a chlorinated-hydrocarbon and an ionic liquid catalyst to a treatment unit; b. operating the treatment unit at an elevated temperature to produce dechlorinated-hydrocarbon and HCl; and c. collecting the dechlorinated-hydrocarbon, wherein at least 90 wt % of the chlorides are removed. A second process comprises: a. creating an ionic liquid catalyst-rich zone in a distillation unit; b. passing chlorinated-hydrocarbon to the distillation unit; c. operating the unit under conditions causing removal of alkyl chloride to produce dechlorinated-hydrocarbon having a final boiling point close to a first final boiling point. A third process comprises: a. feeding alkylate gasoline blending component and ionic liquid catalyst to a treatment unit; b. operating the treatment unit; and c. collecting a dechlorinated-hydrocarbon, wherein at least 90 wt % of the chlorides have been removed and the dechlorinated-hydrocarbon has a second RON that is close to a first RON.

Abstract: A method for cross connecting the lean solvent supply lines between the liquid liquid extraction (LLE) and the extractive distillation (ED) processes thereby using the LLE column as the outlet for removing accumulated heavy hydrocarbons (HCs) and polymeric materials from the solvent loop of both processes to maintain their solvent performance. The unique capabilities of the LLE column in rejecting heavy HCs from the solvent into a raffinate product stream that leaves the system enable the removal of the accumulated heavy HCs and polymeric materials from the closed solvent loop of the ED process when their lean solvent loop are cross connected. Cross connection requires minimum equipment change. In the revamped system, the solvent recovery column (SRC) in LLE process supplies lean solvent for the extractive distillation column while the SRC of the ED process supplies lean solvent for LLE column.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods for purifying a biomass-derived pyrolysis oil are provided. The method comprises the step of contacting the biomass-derived pyrolysis oil with a first deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at first predetermined hydroprocessing conditions to form a first low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent. The low-oxygen biomass-derived pyrolysis oil effluent is contacted with an ionic liquid to remove phenolic compounds, nitrogen compounds and other impurities. This ionic liquid step may be followed by a second deoxygenation step or the deoxygenating may be completed and then followed by the ionic liquid purification step.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure relate to the separation of gases and to a process for the removal of carbon dioxide gas using liquid absorbents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for removing metals, particularly mercury, from hydrocarbon streams by use of an ionic liquid, where in the metal-containing hydrocarbon stream is contacted with an ionic liquid to produce a product hydrocarbon stream having reduced mercury content.

Abstract: Improved processing of an oxygenate-containing feedstock involving increased or enhanced removal or recovery of carbonyls, particularly, acetaldehyde via either or both application of a more stringent stripping regime or addition of a sulfite-containing material.

Abstract: A process for the dissociation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which includes at least a) catalytic dissociation of MTBE which is present in two streams I and VII over a catalyst to give a dissociation product II, b) separation by distillation of the dissociation product II obtained in a) into an overhead stream III containing more than 90% by mass and a bottom stream IV containing diisobutene, MTBE and more than 80% of the methanol present in the dissociation product II, c) separation by distillation of the bottom stream IV obtained in b) into a methanol-containing bottom stream V, a side stream VI containing diisobutene, methanol and MTBE and an overhead stream VII containing MTBE and methanol and d) recirculation of the overhead stream VII to a).

Abstract: Isobutene is prepared by a process in which a) an MTBE-containing stream I is separated by distillation into an MTBE-containing overhead stream II and a bottom stream III which comprises compounds having boiling points higher than that of MTBE; and b) the MTBE present in the overhead stream II is dissociated over a catalyst to give a dissociation product IV; wherein the stream I has a proportion of 2-methoxybutane (MSBE) of greater than 1000 ppm by mass, based on MTBE, and wherein the separation by distillation in step a) and/or the dissociation in step b) is carried out so that the dissociation product IV has a concentration of less than 1000 ppm by mass of linear butenes, based on a C4-olefin fraction.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes for removing particles such as catalyst fines from hydrocarbon streams, such as a wax dried from a Fischer Tropsch reaction using centrifugation in combination with a treatment with an aqueous solution preferably containing an acid, or with an acid. According to an aspect of the invention, catalyst particles are removed from a wax derived from a Fischer Tropsch by pre-treating the hydrocarbon stream with an aqueous solution and forming a mixture comprising the hydrocarbon stream and 5-25% v/v organic acid solution; and introducing the mixture to a centrifuge and separating, from the mixture, a hydrocarbon stream, an aqueous solution and particles. The process may be a continuous and/or a batch process.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of a C2 to C4 alkane to produce the corresponding alkene and carboxylic acid which process comprises separation of the alkene from a mixture of the alkene, the alkane and oxygen by absorption in a metallic salt solution, and recovery of an alkene-rich stream from the metallic salt solution. Integrated processes for the production of alkyl carboxylate and alkenyl carboxylate, which processes comprise oxidation of a C2 to C4 alkane to produce the corresponding alkene and carboxylic acid, separation of the alkene from a mixture of the alkene, the alkane and oxygen by absorption in a metallic salt solution, and recovery of an alkene-rich stream from the metallic salt solution for use in production of alkyl carboxylate or alkenyl carboxylate.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a process for inhibiting the polymerization of an aromatic vinyl compound which is capable of efficiently inhibiting the polymerization of an aromatic vinyl compound not only in an initial stage but also over a long term in the stage of producing, purifying, storing or transporting the aromatic vinyl compound, and which is excellent in handling. The present invention relates to a process for inhibiting the polymerization of an aromatic vinyl compound which requires the step of adding a 2-nitrophenol compound in combination with a sulfonic acid compound to the aromatic vinyl monomer during the stage of producing, purifying, storing or transporting the aromatic vinyl compound.

Abstract: The continuous process for removing mercury comprises a step of continuously feeding a mercury-containing liquid hydrocarbon to an ionization zone where the elementary mercury is ionized; and a step of continuously feeding the liquid hydrocarbon containing the ionized mercury to a sulfur compound-treatment zone where the ionized mercury is converted to a solid mercury compound. The semi-continuous process for removing mercury comprises a step of continuously feeding a mercury-containing liquid hydrocarbon to an ionization column where the elementary mercury is ionized; and a step of feeding the liquid hydrocarbon containing the ionized mercury to a sulfur compound-treatment tank where the ionized mercury is converted to a solid mercury compound in batch manner. With the above processes, the mercury is removed from the liquid hydrocarbon with ease in a continuous or semi-continuous manner at around ordinary temperature under around ordinary pressure.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods and systems useful for removing phenylacetylene from crude styrene feedstock are disclosed. Generally the processes and systems comprise the catalytic reduction of phenylacetylene to produce styrene via injection of a phenylacetylene reducing agent, such as hydrogen. A phenylacetylene reduction catalyst preferred herein comprises palladium on a calcium aluminate carrier, wherein the catalyst comprises less than 0.3 weight percent palladium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distillation process composition at least partially separating mixtures of aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbon compounds employing an extractive distillation composition comprising: a. at least one organic sulfoxide of the formula R1—SO—R2, and b. at least one acrylic sulfone of the formula R3—SO2—R4  wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 have at least one carbon atom and can be the same or different, and  wherein the at least one organic sulfoxide is present in an amount effective to provide improved separation of the aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, as compared to a process employing the same extractive distillation composition not comprising the organic sulfoxide.

Abstract: Process for the continuous drying of a hydrocarbon stream at a temperature being effective in drying the stream with an ionic liquid drying agent comprising a salt of sulphuric acid being in liquid or melted form at the drying temperature.

Abstract: Methods for separating olefins from non-olefins, such as paraffins, including cycloparaffins, oxygenates and aromatics, are provided. The methods use metal salts to complex olefins, allowing the non-olefins to be separated by a variety of methods, including decantation and distillation. The metal salts are dissolved in ionic liquids, which tend to have virtually no vapor pressure, and which poorly solubilize the non-olefins. Accordingly, the non-olefins phase separate well, and can be distilled without carrying over any of the ionic liquid into the distillate. Preferred salts are Group IB salts, more preferably silver salts. A preferred silver salt is silver tetrafluoroborate. Preferred ionic liquids are those which form stable solutions or dispersions of the metal salts, and which do not dissolve the non-olefins. Further, if the olefins are subject to isomerization, the ionic liquid is preferably relatively non-acidic.

Abstract: The invention relates to extractive distillation compositions for separating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds, wherein the extractive distillation composition includes at least one alkylene glycol compound, and at least one compatibility agent, wherein the compatibility agent is selected from materials having polar parameters and hydrogen bonding parameters such that the extractive distillation composition provides improved separation of the hydrocarbon compounds, as compared to the use of the extractive distillation composition without the compatibility agent.

Abstract: A process for adsorptive desulfurization of gasoline or diesel oil or aromatics lower than C12 containing organic sulfide impurities, wherein these feedstocks contact with a amorphous alloy adsorbent comprising nickel as a major active component in a fluidized bed reactor or a magnetic-stabilized fluidized bed reactor or a slurry bed reactor. There is only a single diffuse peak at 2&thgr;=45° in the 2&thgr; range from 20° to 80° in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the adsorbent. The adsorbent consists of 50-95 wt % of nickel, 1-30 wt % of aluminum, 0-35 wt % of iron, and 0-10 wt % of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, molybdenum, chromium, and cobalt.

Abstract: An improved furfural extraction process for lube oil base-stock production from hydrocarbon oils containing aromatic type material by the addition of a solvent comprising of furfural and a co-solvent, said process being conducted in a continuous countercurrent extraction column that facilitates phase separation and increases the raffinate yield while maintaining the same raffinate quality measured by raffinate refractive index.

Abstract: A process for removing mercury of the present invention is characterized in that an ionic mercury-containing liquid hydrocarbon placed in a container equipped with a circulating means is effectively contacted with a sulfur compound represented by the general formula (I):

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for removing sulfur compounds including sulfur in the (−2) oxidation state such as mercaptans, dialkyl sulfides, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, thiophenes and benzothiophenes, from liquid or gas feed streams, particularly hydrocarbon feed streams such as, for example, natural gas and refinery process streams. According to the process, such a feed stream including these sulfur impurities is contacted with an absorbent which includes a metal ion-containing organic composition such as, for example, iron, copper, lead, nickel, tin, zinc or mercury cation-containing phthalocyanine or porphyrin to thereby form sulfur-metal cation coordination complexes in which the oxidation state of the sulfur and the metal cation remains essentially unchanged. The complexes are separated from the feed stream, and the absorbent is regenerated by disassociating the sulfur compound from the complexes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extractive distillation composition for at least partially separating a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds comprising:

Abstract: Process for the recovery of perfluorinated sulphonic acid from a hydrocarbon residue, comprising the steps of (a) treating the residue with an alkyl ammonium salt of the perfluorinated sulphonic acid or a mixture of an alkyl ammonium salt of the perfluorinated sulphonic acid and the perfluorinated sulphonic acid in an amount being effective to liquefy the residue at ambient temperature; (b) contacting the liquefied residue with water at conditions to obtaining an aqueous extract containing the perfluorinated sulphonic acid and/or the alkyl ammonium salt of the perfluorinated acid into water; and (c) separating water from the aqueous extract to recover the perfluorinated sulphonic acid or the mixture of the acid and the ammonium salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene that comprises combining inpure 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene with a sulfonating agent to form a reaction mixture, mixing the reaction mixture at a temperature in the range of about 0° C. to about 50° C., and collecting the purified 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene that comprises combining impure 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene with a sulfonating agent to form a reaction mixture, mixing the reaction mixture at a temperature at about 20° C. or above, and collecting the purified 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene.

Abstract: In a method of efficiently removing mercury from a liquid hydrocarbon, the liquid hydrocarbon is contacted with water contacted in advance with a crude oil and a sludge contacted in advance with a crude oil. Alternatively, the liquid hydrocarbon is contacted with a substance having ability of ionizing elemental mercury and a sulfur compound having the formula: MM′S, wherein M and M′ are identical or different and are each hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium group. When the liquid hydrocarbon to be treated contains no dissolved oxygen or contains dissolved oxygen in an amount in equilibrium with a gas containing 8% by volume of oxygen, the increase in the mercury concentration of a liquid hydrocarbon after the removing treatment is effectively prevented.

Abstract: Oxygenate impurities are removed from an organic chemical feed or stream by treatment with an aqueous reducing agent and aqueous base, accompanied by separation. An aqueous solution of reducing agent and an aqueous solution of base are typically introduced sequentially into the organic chemical stream, where they may react with any oxygenate impurities present. The reaction products of the oxygenate impurities and aqueous reducing agent and aqueous base are water soluble, and are typically removed in sequential fashion via any suitable separation means. For example, oxygenate impurities such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and methyl formate may be removed from a propylene stream by treating the stream sequentially with aqueous sodium bisulfite and aqueous sodium hydroxide, accompanied by separation of the oxygenate impurity reaction products in coalescers.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: An extraction process and an apparatus for separating aromatic compounds contained in a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock where the feedstock feed into the lower part of an extraction column is brought into intimate countercurrent contact therein with a third liquid and at least partially with at least one structured packing element (31) of the static mixer type contained in the upper part of the extraction column. Such third liquid (feed to the top of said column) is in the form of a solvent which is immiscible with the feedstock except for being capable of extracting the aromatic compounds. At least part of the extract phase rich in solvent and aromatic compounds is separated by liquid--liquid separation (26), preferably by gravity type decantation, into a phase rich in solvent and essentially depleted of raffinate, which is removed, and a phase rich in raffinate and impoverished in solvent, which is recycled to the extraction step. The extraction process is typically to be used to formulate lubricant oils.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons are selectively extracted from lube oil stocks comprising mixtures of same with non-aromatic hydrocarbons using tetramethyl sulfoxide as the extraction solvent. The oils so extracted are the heavier oils, those boiling above about 200.degree. C. and identified as being at least lube base stock grade 60N and higher.

Abstract: The corrosion of metals in contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution in an acid gas removal unit is inhibited by adding a corrosion inhibiting amount of an alkanemonothiol or alkanedithiol compound to the aqueous alkanolamine solution. The alkanemonothiol and alkanedithiol compounds are useful for inhibiting the corrosion of metals in both the acid gas rich and lean portions of the acid gas removal unit.

Abstract: A thermal cracking process is provided which comprises contacting a thermal cracking furnace with a fluid stream which comprises steam and a polysulfide such as di-t-nonylpolysulfide under a condition sufficient to effect the suppression of the formation of carbon monoxide and thereafter introducing a steam fluid containing a saturated hydrocarbon such as ethane and a polysulfide such as di-t-nonylpolysulfide under a condition sufficient to convert the saturated hydrocarbon to an olefinic compound such as ethylene.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the separation and recovery of an unsaturated hydrocarbon from its mixture with at least one other material by the selective and reversible complexation of the unsaturated hydrocarbon using a single cubane-type cluster of palladium, molybdenum and sulfur as a complexation agent.

Abstract: A method for acetylene hydrogenation which involves adding a member selected from the group consisting of arsine and phosphine to moderate the activity of acetylene hydrogenation catalysts while maintaining acceptable catalyst activity and avoiding the risk of product quality contamination by the acetylene converter moderator. The acetylene hydrogenation process involves adding arsine at a concentration level within the range of about 1 wppb-3 wppb to the gas, such as ethylene, containing acetylene to prevent temperature runaway during the exothermic acetylene hydrogenation reaction. By controlling the presence of arsine levels to such a relatively low level, temperature runaway during the highly exothermic acetylene hydrogenation reaction is prevented while maintaining acceptable catalyst activity levels for purposes of the acetylene hydrogenation reaction.

Abstract: A process for breaking the emulsion which commonly forms in the caustic system of olefin plants comprising mixing the emulsion with an effective amount of a Group II metal salt of an alkyl aryl sulfonic acid, wherein the alkyl contains 4-24 carbon atoms, most preferably 8-14 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Derivatized molybdenum-sulfide dimers of the general formula [(C.sub.5 R.sub.5 Mo).sub.2 (.mu.-S).sub.4-x (.mu.-SR).sub.x ].sup.n are utilized in the solid state, incorporated in permselective membranes and in aqueous solution as chemical specific complexing agents in various separation processes.

Abstract: Derivatized molybdenum-sulfide dimers of the general formula [(C.sub.5 R.sub.5 Mo).sub.2 (.mu.-S).sub.4-x (.mu.-SR).sub.x ].sup.n are utilized in the solid state, incorporated in permselective membranes and in aqueous solution as chemical specific complexing agents in various separation processes.

Abstract: An alkane/fluoroalkane feed is treated with an acidic alumina to reduce the amount of fluoroalkane(s) in the feed. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the feed is treated with a sulfur-containing alumina so as to convert a major portion of fluoroalkane(s) to higher alkane(s).

Abstract: Hexane is difficult to separate from vinyl acetate and/or methyl acrylate by conventional distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. Hexane can be readily separated from vinyl acetate and/or methyl acrylate by extractive distillation. Effective agents are dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide.

Abstract: Octene-1 is difficult to separate from several of its isomers by conventional distillation or rectification because of the closeness of their boiling points. Octene-1 can be readily separated from its close boiling isomers by azeotropic or extractive distillation. Effective agents are: for azeotropic distillation, t-amyl methyl ether; for extractive distillation, isophorone.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of eliminating mercury or arsenic from a fluid in the presence of a solid mass for the recovery of mercury and/or arsenic. The said mass contains copper and sulphur at least partly in the form of copper sulphide and results (a) from the incorporation of a copper compound other than a sulphide into a solid mineral support, (b) possible calcination of the product obtained in stage (a), and from bringing the product obtained previously into contact with elementary sulphur and (d) a heat treatment.

Abstract: The separation by conventional distillation or rectification of methyl t-butyl ether from close boiling hydrocarbons is difficult because of the closeness of their vapor pressures. Methyl t-butyl ether can be readily separated from these by extractive distillation. Examples of effective agents are: from 1-pentene, dimethylsulfoxide; from cyclopentane, sulfolane and from n-pentane - cyclopentane mixtures, diethyl malonate.

Abstract: A process is provided for the purification of d-Limonene, particularly to remove odorous impurities. The process includes the step of mixing d-Limonene with an oxidizer and separating the oxidizer from the d-Limonene. In preferred embodiments, the d-Limonene is then mixed with an acid and separated. The preferred process also includes a wash water step. The oxidizer and acid are preferably provided in aqueous solutions. The process removes the odorous impurities without the formation of an off-color in the d-Limonene.

Abstract: A process for producing a natural gas condensate having a reduced amount of mercury from a mercury-containing natural gas wellstream, wherein the wellstream is separated into gaseous and liquid fractions. The treatment of the gaseous fraction includes treatment with a carbonate solution which, upon regeneration, yields an acid gas. A portion of the acid gas is mixed with the liquid fraction, the mixture is then filtered, passed over a substance capable of adsorbing hydrogen sulfide, and separated into a stream comprising a natural gas condensate and at least one other stream comprising lower molecular weight hydrocarbons and/or other gases.

Abstract: A selective absorption process for separating C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkenes (in particular ethylene) from C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkanes with a liquid extractant comprising dissolved copper(I) compound(s), in particular dissolved Cu(I) hydrocarbonsulfonate(s), is carried out in a one-column operation, wherein an overhead product is withdrawn which contains alkene(s) at a lower concentration than the feed, a side product is withdrawn which contains alkene(s) at a higher concentration than the feed, and a bottoms stream is withdrawn which contains primarily the liquid extractant.

Abstract: A method for refining liquified petroleum gases so that gases can be treated to reduce odor, olefins, moisture and wherein side reactions are minimized to produce stable aerosol by multistage liquid-liquid extraction of the aerosol using electrolyte solutions at controlled pH, chemically treating, drying and finishing by using molecular sieves and metal sulfides.