Abstract: A method for the oxidative coupling of hydrocarbons, such as the oxidative coupling of methane, includes providing an oxidative catalyst inside a reactor, and carrying out the oxidative coupling reaction under a set of reaction conditions. The oxidative catalyst includes (A) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Lanthanoid group, Mg, Ca, and the elements of Group 4 of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, and Hf); (B) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements of Group 3 (including La and Ac) and Groups 5-15 of the periodic table; (C) at least one element selected from the group consisting of the Group 1 elements of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and the elements Ca, Sr, and Ba; and (D) oxygen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of regenerating a ruthenium catalyst suitable for hydrogenation, which comprises flushing the catalyst with inert gas in a regeneration step until the original activity or part of the original activity has been attained. The method is particularly useful for ruthenium catalysts which are used for the hydrogenation of aromatics.

Abstract: The present patent application describes a method of regenerating a ruthenium catalyst for the hydrogenation of benzene, which comprises flushing the catalyst with inert gas in a regeneration step until the original activity or part of the original activity has been attained.

Abstract: A crystalline molecular sieve of MFS framework type manufactured by the method disclosed herein. A hydrocarbon conversion process using the crystalline molecular sieve is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for starting up a hydrotreating process using a bulk metal catalyst. The process comprises the steps of providing a hydrocarbon feed stream containing less than 100 ppmw nitrogen containing species; and adding a nitrogen-containing compound to the hydrocarbon feed stream followed by contacting the resulting feed stream with the bulk metal catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and a sulfur-containing species.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of increasing stability of a catalyst used in a dehydrogenation process. The method includes storing fresh catalyst in a reduction zone, passing a gas through the reduction zone, introducing hydrocarbons and hydrogen gas into a reactor positioned downstream from the reduction zone to facilitate a dehydrogenation reaction, and replenishing spent catalyst in the reactor with fresh catalyst from the reduction zone. The gas has a moisture content at or below about 4000 ppmv and a temperature at or below about 290° C. The reactor includes catalyst for increasing the rate of the dehydrogenation reaction. The moisture content of the gas may be reduced to at or below about 4000 ppmv by passing the gas through a drier or by using an inert gas stream. The temperature of the gas may also be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for nonoxidatively dehydroaromatizing a reactant stream comprising C1-C4-aliphatics, comprising the steps of I. feeding reactant stream E into a reaction zone 1, converting reactant stream E under nonoxidative conditions in the presence of a particulate catalyst to a product stream P comprising aromatic hydrocarbons and discharging product stream P from reaction zone 1, II. transferring the catalyst with reduced activity as a result of deposited coke into a reaction zone 2, III. at least partly regenerating the catalyst with supply of a hydrogen-comprising gas stream H in a reaction zone 2, at least some of the coke deposited being converted to methane to form a methane-comprising gas stream M which is fed at least partly to reaction zone 1, IV. discharging the catalyst from reaction zone 2 and V.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for nonoxidatively dehydroaromatizing a reactant stream comprising C1-C4-aliphatics by converting the reactant stream in the presence of a catalyst in a reaction zone 1 to a product stream P comprising aromatic hydrocarbons, and regenerating the catalyst whose activity has been reduced by deposited coke with a hydrogen-comprising mixture H in a reaction zone 2, wherein at least a portion of the deposited coke is converted to methane and at least a portion of the methane formed is fed to reaction zone 1.

Abstract: Olefins are oligomerized by bringing at least one C2 to C8-olefin into contact with a nickel-containing heterogeneous catalyst. The catalyst is conditioned before contact with the olefin by passing an inert gas flow over the same, until the inert gas flow has a water content of less than 1000 ppm. Selectivity for the production of higher oligomers, in particular trimers relative to the formation of dimers is increased by the pretreatment.

Abstract: A method of extending the life of an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst, and oxidizing the catalyst prior to reaching the RDT. A method of aromatizing a hydrocarbon comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) for an aromatization catalyst, and operating an aromatization reactor comprising the catalyst to extend the Time on Stream of the reactor prior to reaching the RDT. A method of extending the life of an aromatization catalyst comprising predicting a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) for an aromatization reactor by employing the catalyst in a reactor system under an accelerated fouling condition to identify a test rapid deactivation threshold (t-RDT), predicting the RDT for the aromatization reactor based upon the t-RDT, and oxidizing the catalyst prior to the predicted RDT to extend the Time on Stream of the aromatization catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for pretreating a zeolite catalyst, specifically a zeolite which has been modified with phosphorus. The catalyst may be used in a process for alkylation of aromatics, specifically toluene methylation. The pretreatment is first to contact the catalyst with the process reactants used in a process for alkylation of aromatics for at least two hours at conditions to produce an alkylated aromatic product and then with a gaseous stream containing oxygen at a temperature and for a time until there is no oxygen consumption. The zeolite may be a MFI zeolite. This pretreatment procedure for a phosphorus-modified zeolite catalyst produces a catalyst which has increased run time, i.e., decreased deactivation rate, compared to a fresh catalyst, even after successive regenerations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of C2 to C3 olefins via the catalytic cracking of feedstocks including C4 and heavier olefins in an integrated reaction/regeneration system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of C2 to C3 olefins via the catalytic cracking of feedstocks including C4 and heavier olefins in an integrated reaction/regeneration system.

Abstract: A method of extending the life of an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst, and oxidizing the catalyst prior to reaching the RDT. A method of aromatizing a hydrocarbon comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) for an aromatization catalyst, and operating an aromatization reactor comprising the catalyst to extend the Time on Stream of the reactor prior to reaching the RDT. A method of characterizing an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] To provide a material for producing a bioabsorbable material in which it is easy to remove a metal zinc catalyst from a bioabsorbable polymer such as a polymer of lactide or a polymer of lactide and caprolactone and it is easy to recycle the removed powdery metal zinc catalyst, and to provide a bioabsorbable material produced from the material for producing a bioabsorbable material. [MEANS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS] A material for producing a bioabsorbable material including a three-dimensionally shaped metal zinc polymerization catalyst and a bioabsorbable polymer such as a polymer of lactide or a polymer of lactide and caprolactone; and a process for producing a material for producing a bioabsorbable material, characterized in that in the process for producing a bioabsorbable polymer by polymerization, a three-dimensionally shaped metal zinc catalyst is used as a polymerization catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for pretreating a zeolite catalyst, specifically a zeolite which has been modified with phosphorus. The catalyst may be used in a process for alkylation of aromatics, specifically toluene methylation. The pretreatment is first to contact the catalyst with the process reactants used in a process for alkylation of aromatics for at least two hours at conditions to produce an alkylated aromatic product and then with a gaseous stream containing oxygen at a temperature and for a time until there is no oxygen consumption. The zeolite may be a MFI zeolite. This pretreatment procedure for a phosphorus-modified zeolite catalyst produces a catalyst which has increased run time, i.e., decreased deactivation rate, compared to a fresh catalyst, even after successive regenerations.

Abstract: A xylene isomerization process includes introducing gas comprising hydrogen and a base to a reaction zone in which a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a zeolite support resides. In one embodiment, the base may be formed in situ within the reaction zone from nitrogen and hydrogen that are introduced to the reaction zone. In another embodiment, the base is introduced directly to the reaction zone. The conditions in the reaction zone are effective to reduce the catalyst. A stream comprising C8 aromatics, e.g., xylenes and ethylbenzene may then be fed to the reaction zone containing the reduced catalyst. The reaction zone may be operated at conditions effective to isomerize the xylenes and hydrodealkylate the ethylbenzene. The xylene loss during the isomerization of the xylenes is lowered as a result of using the catalyst reduced in the presence of the gas comprising a base and hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention, in one embodiment, is drawn to a process for forming olefin product by contacting an oxygenate with an olefin-forming catalyst under supercritical conditions to form an olefin product. This invention also relates to methods for activating molecular sieve catalyst, regenerating molecular sieve catalyst, and forming and/or disposing a co-catalyst within a molecular sieve catalyst, each under supercritical conditions.

Abstract: A method of operation for producing high yield of alkylate product using catalytic reactors. The catalytic reactors which cycle between reaction mode and catalyst regeneration mode have their contents exchanged with each other at the beginning of each cycle in order to increase the yield of the desired product. This exchange increases the yield by minimizing the contact of reactant in reaction mode with regenerant utilized in regeneration mode. Thus, reducing/preventing the undesirable alternate reaction between the two, which consumes the reactant making it unavailable for the production of the desired product.

Abstract: A method of extending the life of an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst, and oxidizing the catalyst prior to reaching the RDT. A method of aromatizing a hydrocarbon comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) for an aromatization catalyst, and operating an aromatization reactor comprising the catalyst to extend the Time on Stream of the reactor prior to reaching the RDT. A method of characterizing an aromatization catalyst comprising identifying a rapid deactivation threshold (RDT) of the catalyst.

Abstract: A xylene isomerization process includes introducing gas comprising hydrogen and a base to a reaction zone in which a catalyst comprising a Group VIII metal and a zeolite support resides. In one embodiment, the base may be formed in situ within the reaction zone from nitrogen and hydrogen that are introduced to the reaction zone. In another embodiment, the base is introduced directly to the reaction zone. The conditions in the reaction zone are effective to reduce the catalyst. A stream comprising C8 aromatics, e.g., xylenes and ethylbenzene may then be fed to the reaction zone containing the reduced catalyst. The reaction zone may be operated at conditions effective to isomerize the xylenes and hydrodealkylate the ethylbenzene. The xylene loss during the isomerization of the xylenes is lowered as a result of using the catalyst reduced in the presence of the gas comprising a base and hydrogen.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the selective alkylation of toluene and/or benzene with an oxygen-containing alkylation agent. In particular, the process uses a selectivated molecular sieve which has been modified by the addition of a hydrogenation component, wherein at least one of the following conditions is met: (a) the selectivated molecular sieve has an alpha value of less than 100 prior to the addition of the hydrogenation component, or (b) the selectivated and hydrogenated catalyst has an alpha value of less than 100. The process of this invention provides high selectivity for the alkylated product while reducing catalyst degradation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for alkylating a hydrocarbon feed which comprises contacting the hydrocarbon feed to be alkylated with an alkylation agent in the presence of a catalyst comprising a solid acid, a hydrogenation metal, and 1.5-6 wt % of water, measured as the loss on ignition at 600° C. The presence of 1.5-6 wt % of water results in a higher activity and a higher alkylate quality compared with a comparable but drier catalyst.

Abstract: High temperature treatment of graphite nanofibers to increase their catalytic activity. The heat treated graphite nanofiber catalysts are suitable for catalyzing chemical reactions such as oxidation, hydrogenation, oxidative-dehydrogenation, and dehydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for alkylation of an aromatic hydrocarbon or isoalkane with an olefin over the catalysis of a solid acid, comprising contacting a reaction material containing an aromatic hydrocarbon or C4-C6 isoalkane, C2-C18 monoolefin and a compound containing a strongly electronegative element as promoter with a solid acid catalyst to carry out the alkylation, characterized in that the solid acid catalyst is contacted with a compound having a strongly electronegative element prior to its contact with the reaction material. Said process not only greatly increases the selectivity of the target product of the alkylation but also improves stability of the solid acid catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the production of a high quality gasoline blending components from refinery process streams by the alkylation of light isoparaffins with olefins using an ionic liquid catalyst is disclosed. The alkylation process comprises contacting a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least one olefin having from 2 to 6 carbon atoms and at least one isoparaffin having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms under alkylation conditions, said catalyst comprising a mixture of at least one acidic ionic liquid and at least one alkyl halide. The alkylhalide by reacting to at least a portion of the olefin with a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of making an olefin product from an oxygenate feedstock and a method of protecting catalytic activity of a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve. The methods comprise providing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve having catalytic sites within the molecular sieve; shielding the catalytic sites to protect from loss of catalytic activity; and contacting the protected sieve in its activated state with an oxygenate feedstock under conditions effective to produce an olefin product before undesirable loss of catalytic activity. Undesirable loss in catalytic activity occurs when activated molecular sieve contacting the oxygenate feedstock has a methanol uptake index of at least 0.15.

Abstract: In a process for preparing a selectivated catalyst composition useful in the disproportionation of toluene, a catalyst comprising an acidic molecular sieve is contacted with a boron compound at a temperature in excess of 500° C.; and the resultant catalyst is then contacted with a medium containing hydrogen ions to at least partially restore the acid activity of the molecular sieve.

Abstract: The invention is directed to methods for protecting metalloaluminophosphate molecular sieves, particularly silicoaluminophosphate (SAPO) molecular sieves, from loss of catalytic activity due to contact with a gas containing water. The methods of the invention provide procedures that enable activated sieve to contact water vapor, within a certain range of time, temperature, and water partial pressure conditions, before the sieve becomes substantially deactivated.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the selective disproportionation of toluene. The process preferably uses a disproportionation catalyst comprising a pentasil type zeolite such as MFI that is bound with aluminum-phosphate. Running the process at a toluene conversion greater than about 30 wt-% and at a hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon ratio less than 3.0, and especially a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0, improves the maximum yield of para-xylene. Optional periodic rejuvenation by increasing the hydrogen-to-hydrocarbon ratio removes some carbon deposits and restores catalyst activity. An inert diluent gas assists in selective pre-coking of the catalyst as well.

Abstract: The method comprises separation of contacting products into liquid and gaseous products, complete burning of gaseous products in the presence of the catalyst of complete oxidation of light hydrocarbons and addition of carbon dioxide and water vapor mixture formed during burning to the raw paraffin hydrocarbons. The mixture of paraffin hydrocarbons C2÷C5 is used as a raw material in this method. Before feeding the said mixture of hydrocarbons the catalyst is subjected to treatment by paraffin hydrocarbons C3÷C4 mixed with mercaptan so that the amount of mercaptan passed through the catalyst is 0.01–0.1 mass % of the catalyst weight.

Abstract: Modified lead/bismuth/molybdate catalysts containing vanadium, copper, or gold have been prepared, and are selective to the corresponding furan compound from the gas phase oxidation of an unsaturated acyclic hydrocarbon such as butadiene.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the alkylation of an aromatics compound with a olefin alkylation agent which comprises contacting the aromatic compound, especially benzene, with the alkylation agent, especially ethylene and/or propylene, in the presence of an oxide material which is delayered MWW-type zeolitic material, very suitably the material known as ITQ-2.

Abstract: A process is provided to produce a 2-alkene product from a 1-alkene-containing feed stream. The process comprises contacting the 1-alkene-containing feed stream in a reactor zone to isomerize the 1-alkene-containing feed stream to produce the 2-alkene product. More specifically, a process is provided to produce a 2-butene product from a 1-butene containing feed stream.

Abstract: A catalyst composition and a process for hydrodealkylating a C9+ aromatic compound such as, for example, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon such as a xylene are disclosed. The composition comprises an alumina, a metal oxide, a phosphorus oxide and optionally, an acid site modifier selected from the group consisting of silicon oxides, sulfur oxides, boron oxides, magnesium oxides, tin oxides, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, molybdenum oxides, germanium oxides, indium oxides, lanthanum oxides, cesium oxides, and combinations of any two or more thereof. The process comprises contacting a fluid which comprises a C9+ aromatic compound with the catalyst composition under a condition sufficient to effect the conversion of a C9+ aromatic compound to a C6 to C8 aromatic hydrocarbon.

Abstract: A molybdenum-loaded crystalline aluminosilicate molecular sieve that exhibits the MFI crystal structure and has a silica-to-alumina ratio of about 50:1 is useful for aromatizing a hydrocarbon feed stream. The crystalline aluminosilicate preferably has an external surface acidity selectively passivated by means of an amorphous silica layer. A process for the aromatization of methane comprises a one- or multi-step process that contacts a feed stream comprising at least methane with a catalyst composition comprising the preferred molecular sieve, at hydrocarbon conversion conditions that include a temperature of 600-800° C., a pressure of less than 5 atmospheres absolute and a Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) of 0.1-10 h−1, with the external surface acidity of the crystalline aluminosilicate preferably selectively passivated by an amorphous silica layer. C6-plus aromatic hydrocarbons are preferably recovered from the process by means of an intermediate separation step.

Abstract: A method for converting oxygenates to light olefins.

Abstract: A repeated “soak and dry” selectivation process for preparing a modified metallosilicate catalyst composite is disclosed comprising of a mixture of amorphous silica, alumina and a pore size controlled metallosilicate useful for alkylaromatic conversion. The process comprises (a) contacting an intermediate pore metallosilicate with an organosilicon compound in a solvent for a specific duration and then recovering the solvent, (b) combining the organosilicon compound treated metallosilicate with water and then drying the catalyst, (c), repeating the steps a) and b) above and (d) calcining the catalyst in an oxygen containing atmosphere sufficient to remove the organic material and deposit siliceous matter on the metallosilicate. In a another embodiment, when the organosilicon compound is water soluble, step (b) may be avoided.

Abstract: A catalyst, method for preparing the catalyst, and method for using the catalyst having improved conversion and/or selectivity in the dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons. The catalyst being prepared by modifying and impregnating a mazzite zeolite. Modification of the original mazzite zeolite may include steps for ion-exchanging, dealuminating, physically mixing with chromic oxide, shaping, and calcining. Once modified, the mazzite zeolite may be impregnated with at least one metal selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and oxides of these metals.

Abstract: An improved process is disclosed for the selective disproportionation of toluene. The process preferably uses a disproportionation catalyst comprising MFI bound with alumina phosphate. Running the process at a hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio between 0.2 to 0.5 improves the yield of para-xylene. Optional periodic rejuvenation by increasing the hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio removes some carbon deposits and restores catalyst activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a zeolite catalyst suitable for use in shape-selective hydrocarbon conversion processes. The catalyst is modified by incorporation therein of a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation functional metal, followed by gradient selectivation with an organosilicon compound under conversion conditions, wherein the gradient selectivation conditions are characterized by a progressive temperature gradient. The use of a progressive temperature gradient during the in situ selectivation procedure unexpectedly yields a catalyst in which the hydrogenation-dehydrogenation function is stabilized, thereby enabling long duration hydrocarbon conversion processes with low by-product make.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene by subjecting 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene to an isomerization reaction, wherein the isomerization reaction is carried out by the use of a metallosilicate catalyst that comprises a metallosilicate having a main cavity defined by a ten-oxygen-membered ring, that is in the form of aggregates of fine crystals of the metallosilicate, the external surface area of the aggregate as calculated from t-plot analysis made in the nitrogen adsorption method being 25 m2/g or more, and that has been treated to inactivate acid centers present on the external surfaces of the fine crystals until the rate constant basic value N becomes 0.5 or less.

Abstract: In a process for the oligomerization of alpha olefins using a boron trifluoride/alcohol catalyst complex a method for recovering the boron trifluoride from the product stream which comprises lowering the pressure of the product stream to flash off excess boron trifluoride, mixing the boron trifluoride with fresh alcohol to form fresh boron trifluoride/alcohol catalyst complex, and introducing the fresh catalyst back into the oligomerization reactor.

Abstract: Process for isomerization of a feedstock that contains aromatic compounds with eight carbon atoms characterized in that it comprises at least one isomerization stage a) that is carried out in the presence of a catalyst that contains at least one metal of group VIII and that is activated according to an activation process that comprises at least one sulfurization stage and at least one stage for passivation with ammonia, and at least one dehydrogenation stage b).

Abstract: A hydrocarbon conversion process in which the rate of coke formation is reduced and aromatics and light olefins yield is increased by the use of an improved zeolite catalyst that comprises a silylated, zeolite material preferably treated with steam. Another embodiment includes the use of an improved zeolite catalyst that comprises silylated, acid treated zeolite material.

Abstract: Process for isomerization of a feedstock that contains aromatic compounds with eight carbon atoms characterized in that it comprises at least one isomerization stage a) that is carried out in the presence of a catalyst that contains at least one metal of group VIII and that is activated according to an activation process that comprises at least one sulfurization stage and at least one stage for passivation with ammonia, and at least one dehydrogenation stage b).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for isomerizing aromatic compounds containing 8 carbon atoms, the catalysts containing at least one group VIII metal, comprising at least one sulfurization step and at least one passivation step using ammonia.

Abstract: An improved zeolite based catalyst comprising a mixture of a zeolite and a binder treated with boron trichloride and prepared by a novel method including exposing a mixture of a zeolite material and a binder to gaseous boron trichloride under suitable process conditions.

Abstract: A method for preparing a catalyst and the use of such catalyst for converting an oxygenate feed to olefins wherein the catalyst is modified or treated with the aid of electromagnetic energy.

Abstract: A FCC process in which spent catalyst is stripped of hydrocarbon in a stripping zone prior to entering the regenerator. In order to maximize the amount of strippable hydrocarbon removed in the stripping zone with minimal use of stripping gas, a sample of spent catalyst is removed prior to entering the regenerator. The spent catalyst is analyzed for strippable hydrocarbon by conducting the sample to a heated catalyst collection vessel, evacuating the catalyst, collecting the gases from the collection vessel and analyzing the gases for amount of strippable hydrocarbon on the spent catalyst.