Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing lead smelting slag glass-ceramics based on the oxidation of silicon-rich silicon smelting slag and composition adjustment, and belongs to the technical field of resource utilization of smelting slag rich in monatomic silicon. The method comprises the steps: mixing the silicon slag rich in monatomic silicon with an oxidant, a fluxing agent and a clarifying agent according to a formula ratio, ball-milling and screening to obtain a tempering raw material with uniform size, and performing high-temperature oxidation melting on the tempering raw material to form an oxidation-state molten tempering material; and carrying out further mixed melting on the molten tempering material and hot lead slag, carrying out water quenching to obtain basic glass, and carrying out heat treatment system on the obtained basic glass to form the glass ceramics.

Abstract: There are disclosed processes for destructing a toxic chemical including the steps of mixing the toxic chemical with a liquid phase formed by an aqueous mixture of water and an ionic liquid or molten salt which is miscible with water, the ionic liquid or molten salt comprising a tertiary amine group or quaternary ammonium group; and contacting the toxic chemical in the liquid phase with the ionic liquid or molten salt so as to decompose the toxic chemical.

Abstract: The removal of acid gases (e.g., non-carbon dioxide acid gases) using sorbents that include salts in molten form, and related systems and methods, are generally described.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combustion mechanism including a combustion chamber, an inner container arranged in the combustion chamber, the inner container is internally provided with a first igniter, a fire outlet pipe extending from an inner cavity of the inner container to outside of the combustion chamber, an ash discharge pipe above the inner container and extending to outside of the combustion chamber. The combustion mechanism further includes a feeding pipe extending into the inner container for feeding materials into the inner container; a nozzle in the inner container for blowing air to cause accumulated ash into the ash discharge pipe, and a first suction fan being arranged in the ash discharge pipe; a gas driving mechanism connected with the nozzle for outputting jet gas to the nozzle; and an air supply mechanism outside the combustion chamber for supplying air to the inner container and the gas driving mechanism.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system for upgrading a hydrocarbon material may include a black wax upgrade subsystem and a molten salt gasification (MSG) subsystem. The black wax upgrade subsystem and the MSG subsystem may be located within a common pressure boundary, such as within a pressure vessel. Gaseous materials produced by the MSG subsystem may be used in the process carried out within the black wax upgrade subsystem. For example, hydrogen may pass through a gaseous transfer interface to interact with black wax feed material to hydrogenate such material during a cracking process. In one embodiment, the gaseous transfer interface may include one or more openings in a tube or conduit which is carrying the black wax material. A pressure differential may control the flow of hydrogen within the tube or conduit. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure relate to tissue digestion and, more particularly, to methods and apparatuses for varying the number, size, and/or location of one or more tissue compartments within a digestive fluid vessel. Some examples include partitions that may be selectively positioned within a vessel (and may be selectively removable from the vessel) to create one or more tissue compartments. The partitions may be positioned, repositioned and rearranged within the vessel to form one or more tissue compartments. The partitions may be solid or include apertures, and may be oriented in horizontally and/or vertically. Alternate embodiments include one or more selectively closeable apertures that permit digestive fluid to circulate along alternate pathways, which can permit tissue digestion with reduced digestive fluid levels. Still further embodiments include baskets that are selectively positionable within the tissue digester.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon products such as transportation fuels, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, chemical and refinery plant feeds. The instant process uses a hydrocarbon or synthesis gas co-feed and hot pressurized water to convert the biomass in a manner commonly referred to as hydrothermal liquefaction.

Abstract: Provided is a method of decomposing plastic and organic waste by using titanium oxide granules which are easily separated from metals and inorganic substances, have a highly efficient decomposing capability, and have a characteristic of fine powder formation resistance during pyrolysis. More specifically, the method of decomposing plastic and organic waste by using titanium oxide granules which are easily separated from metals and inorganic substances, have a highly efficient decomposing capability, and have a characteristic of fine powder formation resistance during pyrolysis has been established by optimizing the characteristics of titanium oxide granules.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for packaging radioactive wastes, in which the following successive steps are carried out: a/ radioactive wastes, the solids content of which comprises at least 90% of compounds selected from CaCO2, Fe2O3, SiO2, Al2O3 and B2O3, are supplemented, so as to achieve a target composition of said supplemented wastes after calcination, and b/ said supplemented radioactive wastes are melted and c/ said melt is poured into a container, so as to obtain, after cooling, a product comprising a vitreous or vitro-crystalline synthetic rock, having said target composition, characterized in that said target composition corresponds to the following definition, in a CaO, SiO2 and X2O3 ternary system, in which X2O3 is a trivalent oxide or a mixture of trivalent oxides selected from Al2O3, Fe2O3 or B2O3, PC and PS being the mass percentages of CaO and SiO2: PC is from 35 to 60%, and PS is from 10 to 45%.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for solidifying and stabilizing waste acid including steps of condensing waste acid containing phosphoric acid to reduce the volume; mixing the condensed waste acid with waste acid containing fluoroboric acid to solidify and stabilize the mixed waste acid. The pH of the mixed acid is adjusted by adding barium hydroxide as a neutralizer. The efficiency of solidifying waste acid can be improved by partially granulating and by adding solidifying agent indirectly. The method of the present invention can prevent intensely exothermic reaction caused by adding solidifying agents. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is controlled in a temperature of 30 to 45° C. to improve the polymerization of the mixed waste acid so that the efficiency of solidification thereof can be also improved.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a potentially economically viable process for the destruction of small to large quantities of sulfur and nitrogen mustards and lewisite, their homologous/analogues, and similar chemical warfare agents at ambient conditions without producing any toxic by-products. The process uses the superoxide ion that is either electrochemically generated by the reduction of oxygen in deep eutectic solvents or chemically by dissolving Group 1 (alkali metals) or Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) superoxides, e.g. potassium superoxide, in deep eutectic solvents.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein comprise a system and method for the recycling and recovery of components and metals found within lithium ion batteries. The process includes the safe and effective means of disposing of batteries, including lithium thylnel cloride, lithium ion, conventional designs, in a manner that utilizes a process of alloying to chemically capture the by product.

Abstract: Described are method of treating a radioactive organic waste stream comprising: (a) mixing a radioactive organic waste stream comprising organic compounds and radionuclides with phosphoric acid to form a reaction mixture; (b) heating the reaction mixture to a desired temperature in the presence of an oxidant to oxidize organic compounds present in the waste stream, and removing oxidized organic compounds from the reaction mixture; (c) optionally, adding a reducing agent to the reaction mixture to form insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds comprising one or more of the radionuclides, and separating the insoluble radioactive metal phosphate compounds from the reaction mixture; (d) optionally, adding a fluorine compound to the reaction mixture to react with uranium that may be present in the reaction mixture to form uranium hexafluoride, and removing uranium hexafluoride from the reaction mixture; (e) adding ammonia to the reaction mixture to neutralize phosphoric acid and to form ammonium phosphate

Abstract: A method for recovering at least one rare earth element from a phosphor is presented. The method includes a halogenation step (a) and a reduction step (b). The phosphor is first halogenated in a molten salt to convert at least one rare earth constituent contained therein to a soluble rare earth halide. Then, the rare earth halide in the molten salt can be reduced, to convert the rare earth halide to a rare earth element in its elemental state. A method for individually recovering multiple rare earth elements from a phosphor is also presented.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a steam biomass reactor converts organic waste placed inside a sealed steam injected reactor to biogas (methane CH4 and carbon dioxide CO2). The amount of liquid introduced into the reactor can be minimized, increased methane and CO2 can be produced, and the methane produced can have higher Btu values as compared to methane produced in other reactors. Some embodiments provide a method of injecting steam into a sealed vessel that is loaded with organic waste and collecting the methane produced by accelerated decomposition/biodegradation of the organic component of the waste within the vessel. The steam accelerates the decomposition of the organic refuse, thereby enhancing the production of methane gas and CO2.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for solidifying and stabilizing waste acid including steps of condensing waste acid containing phosphoric acid to reduce the volume; mixing the condensed waste acid with waste acid containing fluoroboric acid to solidify and stabilize the mixed waste acid. The pH of the mixed acid is adjusted by adding barium hydroxide as a neutralizer. The efficiency of solidifying waste acid can be improved by partially granulating and by adding solidifying agent indirectly. The method of the present invention can prevent intensely exothermic reaction caused by adding solidifying agents. Furthermore, the method of the present invention is controlled in a temperature of 30 to 45° C. to improve the polymerization of the mixed waste acid so that the efficiency of solidification thereof can be also improved.

Abstract: Provided is a method of stabilizing and solidifying elemental mercury using sulfur and paraffin. The method includes reacting elemental mercury with sulfur to prepare a mercury sulfide compound, adding a mixture of the mercury sulfide compound and the remaining sulfur after the reaction to high-temperature liquid paraffin to melt the remaining sulfur, and cooling the sulfur to solidify the mercury sulfide compound. According to the method of stabilizing and solidifying elemental mercury using sulfur and paraffin, a surface of a solidified product is covered with a thin paraffin layer to prevent exposure to the outside.

Abstract: A novel use of delayed reactivity partly prehydrated lime (“DRQL”), which is comprised of 40 to 98% by weight of CaO and of 60 to 2% by weight of Ca(OH)2, preferably of 80 to 92% by weight of CaO and of 20 to 8% by weight of Ca(OH)2, and more preferably of 85 to 90% by weight of CaO and of 15 to 10% by weight of Ca(OH)2, in the field of the separation of solid matter from the liquid of a suspension. The invention also involves a novel method for treating a sludge, in which the solid matter is concentrated, dried and recovered using the delayed reactivity partly prehydrated lime. It additionally relates to, as a novel industrial product, the purified sludge obtained according to the method.

Abstract: Process for confinement of waste containing at least one chemical species to be confined, by in-can vitrification in a hot metal can into which waste and a vitrification additive are added, the waste and the vitrification additive are melted to obtain a glass melt which is then cooled, characterised in that at least one oxidising agent is also added into the metal can and in that the concentration of oxidising agent(s) expressed as oxide(s) in the glass melt is between 0.1 and 20% by mass, preferably 4 and 20% by mass, even more preferably 5 and 15% by mass, and even more preferably 10 and 13% by mass of the glass melt mass.

Abstract: The recirculation combustion system is installed in the exhaust stream of a combustion chamber to increase exhaust cleanliness and thermal efficiency. The system directs hot exhaust gases through a filtering system to remove the larger particulate materials and pollutants, and then return the gas back to the combustion chamber. This system includes a baghouse unit, a molten metal reactor system with automatic feed and waste removal, a separator system, an active exhaust stack and recirculation line control system, and an automatic oxygen and recirculation gas mixing system.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system to apply a mineralizing agent to an asbestos containing material (ACM) after the ACM is reduced in size, particularly by spraying or injecting the mineralizing agent to a shredded ACM, is provided. The mineralizing agent may include a solution of alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal silicate, alkali metal borate, alkaline earth borate, or mixtures thereof, which may be heated and mixed and is then delivered to the reduced size or shredded ACM using a piping system that injects the mineralizing agent downstream of an ACM shredding unit. The ACM treated with the mineralizing agent may be heated in a mineralizing furnace to convert the ACM to an essentially asbestos-free mineral. After removal from the mineralizing furnace, the mineralized material is moved to an atmosphere controlled environment where it is cooled gradually for further mineralization.

Abstract: A recycling system for a waste converting apparatus collects residues from a post-processing means and re-introduces the residues into the apparatus such that the residues are exposed to the high temperature zone thereof.

Abstract: A molten metal reactor (10) quickly entrains a feed material in the molten reactant metal (16) and provides the necessary contact between the molten reactant metal and the feed material to effect the desired chemical reduction of the feed material. The reactor (10) includes a unique feed structure (24) adapted to quickly entrain the feed material into the molten reactant metal (16) and then transfer the molten reactant metal, feed material, and initial reaction products into a treatment chamber (12). A majority of the desired reactions occur in the treatment chamber (12). Reaction products and unspent reactant metal are directed from the treatment chamber (12) to an output chamber (14) where reaction products are removed from the reactor. Unspent reactant metal (16) is then transferred to a heating chamber (15) where it is reheated for recycling through the system.

Abstract: In a method for the treatment of halogen containing waste materials wherein valuable materials and/or energy can be recuperated without the generation of additional halogenated waste materials, the halogen containing waste materials are mixed with a molten substituted or non-substituted polyolefin in an inert gas atmosphere, whereby, upon melting, hydrogen halogenides are formed and the hydrogen halogenides are separated from the mixture.

Abstract: A conventional method of pyrolytically decomposing plastic to make low-molecular compounds is poor in efficiency of use of energy due to high heating temperatures (at least 600° C. and 800° C. at maximum). The invention provides that a functional powder is heated to a predetermined temperature and pieces of plastic to be disposed are caused to be contacted with the heated powder, the functional powder including a powder which does in an aqueous solution state show alkalinity, and a photo-catalyst effect powder.

Abstract: The invention consists of a method for treating polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contaminated media by: a) combining the media with a fluid containing one or more liquid hydrocarbons to form a media/fluid mixture; b) sonicating the mixture at audio frequency to extract PCB from the media into the fluid; and c) treating the fluid with sodium-containing alkali metal. The method may include additional steps to reduce the size of the media. Alternatively, the fluid can be decanted from the media after sonication and treated separately with sodium-containing alkali metal.