Abstract: A hybrid rocket system and motor includes an oxidant tank communicating with a combustion chamber containing a solid fuel grain. The passage from the oxidant tank to the combustion chamber is obstructed by a fill tube which fills the oxidant tank with oxidant and pressurizes it. Once the tank is full, the fill tube is displaced from the tank-chamber passage to deliver oxidant to the grain and initiate the combustion process. The motor may be an integral part of the rocket, or it may be a modular, expendable or exchangeable cartridge-type device inserted into a reusable body.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket system and motor includes an oxidant tank communicating with a combustion chamber containing a solid fuel grain. The passage from the oxidant tank to the combustion chamber is obstructed by a fill tube which fills the oxidant tank with oxidant and pressurizes it. Once the tank is full, the fill tube is displaced from the tank-chamber passage to deliver oxidant to the grain and initiate the combustion process. The motor may be an integral part of the rocket, or it may be a modular, expendable or exchangeable cartridge-type device inserted into a reusable body.

Abstract: A solid/fluid hybrid propulsion system for a projectile launchable from a launch platform includes a container having a fluid reactant therein, an outer casing, and a cartridge. The cartridge is constructed and arranged to be moved between an operative position in which at least a substantial portion of the cartridge is received within the outer casing and an inoperative position in which the cartridge is dissociated from the outer casing. The cartridge includes at least a combustion chamber containing a solid reactant therein, a thrust nozzle proximal to one end of the combustion chamber, an oxidizer distribution plate proximal to the opposite end of the combustion chamber and having an injection nozzle therethrough, and a protective liner extending along at least the length of the combustion chamber and being interposed between the exterior surface of the solid reactant and the interior surface of the outer casing when the cartridge is in the operative position.

Abstract: A hybrid heater vaporization system (280, 380) including hybrid heaters (250, 350) can be used to vaporize liquid oxygen as it enters a motor (200, 300) to improve the combustion characteristics of a hybrid rocket (11). The motor (200, 300) preferably includes hybrid fuel both in a substantially cylindrical portion (216, 316) in the substantially cylindrical portion of the motor and a substantially multi-toroidal shaped portion (217, 316) in the forward end of the motor (200, 300). The vaporization system (280, 380) of the present invention finally makes hybrid rockets (11) practical for aerospace applications.

Abstract: A missile adapted for flight at hypersonic velocities includes an engine operable in rocket and ramjet modes of operation, the engine having an inlet opening, a fuel combustion chamber in the engine housing a boost fuel and a cruise fuel, an axially movable plug located at the engine inlet opening for opening and closing the inlet opening, and a mechanism, coupled with the plug and the engine, for switching between the two modes of operation of the engine during flight of the missile. In this way, when the missile reaches a target location in its flight trajectory, the plug can be moved to close the inlet opening and shut down the ramjet operation, while also minimizing the missile radar cross section properties. The switching mechanism includes sensors for determining flight parameters and a computer for processing the flight parameters to determine when to move the plug.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket system and motor includes an oxidant tank communicating with a combustion chamber containing a solid fuel grain. The passage from the oxidant tank to the combustion chamber is obstructed by a fill tube which fills the oxidant tank with oxidant and pressurizes it. Once the tank is full, the fill tube is displaced from the tank-chamber passage to deliver oxidant to the grain and initiate the combustion process. The motor may be an integral part of the rocket, or it may be a modular, expendable or exchangeable cartridge-type device inserted into a reusable body.

Abstract: A solid/fluid hybrid propulsion system for a projectile launchable from a launch platform includes a container having a fluid reactant therein, an outer casing, and a cartridge. The cartridge is constructed and arranged to be moved between an operative position in which at least a substantial portion of the cartridge is received within the outer casing and an inoperative position in which the cartridge is dissociated from the outer casing. The cartridge includes at least a combustion chamber containing a solid reactant therein, a thrust nozzle proximal to one end of the combustion chamber, an oxidizer distribution plate proximal to the opposite end of the combustion chamber and having an injection nozzle therethrough, and a protective liner extending along at least the length of the combustion chamber and being interposed between the exterior surface of the solid reactant and the interior surface of the outer casing when the cartridge is in the operative position.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket motor having a multitude of radially inward directed miniature hybrid secondary combustion chambers within a single solid fuel block being oxidizer-fed by a single centrally positioned distributor and a system of radially outward-directed feed tubes. The feed tubes are sealed at their distant ends and have multiple orifices opening into the secondary combustion chambers to resemble a multitude of secondary conventional-injection hybrid motors within a single main hybrid motor.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket system and motor includes an oxidant tank communicating with a combustion chamber containing a solid fuel grain. The passage from the oxidant tank to the combustion chamber is obstructed by a fill tube which fills the oxidant tank with oxidant and pressurizes it. Once the tank is full, the fill tube is displaced from the tank-chamber passage to deliver oxidant to the grain and initiate the combustion process. The motor may be an integral part of the rocket, or it may be a modular, expendable or exchangeable cartridge-type device inserted into a reusable body.

Abstract: A micro thrust and heat generator has a means for providing a combustion fuel source to an ignition chamber of the micro thrust and heat generator. The fuel is ignited by a ignition means within the micro thrust and heat generator's ignition chamber where it burns and creates a pressure. A nozzle formed from the combustion chamber extends outward from the combustion chamber and tappers down to a narrow diameter and then opens into a wider diameter where the nozzle then terminates outside of said combustion chamber. The pressure created within the combustion chamber accelerates as it leaves the chamber through the nozzle resulting in pressure and heat escaping from the nozzle to the atmosphere outside the micro thrust and heat generator. The micro thrust and heat generator can be microfabricated from a variety of materials, e.g., of polysilicon, on one wafer using surface micromachining batch fabrication techniques or high aspect ratio micromachining techniques (LIGA).

Abstract: A hybrid heater vaporization system (280, 380) including hybrid heaters (250, 350) can be used to vaporize liquid oxygen as it enters a motor (200, 300) to improve the combustion characteristics of a hybrid rocket (11). The motor (200, 300) preferably includes hybrid fuel both in a substantially cylindrical portion (216, 316) in the substantially cylindrical portion of the motor and a substantially multi-toroidal shaped portion (217, 316) in the forward end of the motor (200, 300). The vaporization system (280, 380) of the present invention finally makes hybrid rockets (11) practical for aerospace applications.

Abstract: A low-cost rocket or thruster has a low-cost propellant injector, in which fluid fuel and oxidizer are injected into a combustion chamber. The walls of the combustion chamber are protected from the high temperatures of the combustion by a grain of solid propellant, the surface of which tends to melt andor vaporize in the presence of combustion temperatures, and thereby protects the walls of the chamber. The low-cost propellant injector may not mix the fluid fuel and oxidizer effectively, so that pockets of noncombusted gas may occur within the chamber. The ratio of fluid fuel and oxidizer is selected to be slightly oxidizer-rich, so that any pockets of unburned gas tend to be oxygen-rich. When the pockets come into contact with the solid fuel, the excess oxygen combusts with the gaseous solid fuel, and when the mixture is near stoichiometric, the fluid fuel combusts.

Abstract: In a gas turbine having a transition region between a combustor and turbine stage including a transition piece duct extending between a combustor liner and the turbine stage; an impingement sleeve surrounding the transition piece, the impingement sleeve having a plurality of apertures therein; and a compressor diffuser directing compressor discharge air into the transition region, an improvement wherein the diffuser includes a pair of outer walls flaring outwardly in a direction of compressor discharge air flow; and a pair of baffles within a flow area defined by the pair of outer diffuser walls which divide the flow area into three discrete flow passages. One passage has a substantially radial flow component; a second passage has both radial and axial flow components; and a third passage has a substantially axial flow component.

Abstract: A system for pressurizing a liquid oxygen tank (20) in a pressure-fed hybrid rocket (100) provides pressure at a first end of the tank (20) so that liquid oxygen can exit the second end. A hybrid heater (50) creates the pressure by mixing gaseous oxygen with the solid fuel (51) in the hybrid heater (50) to create an extremely high temperature. Helium is then mixed with the combustion products via an inlet (60) and this hot, inert mixture enters the liquid oxygen tank (20) via a diffuser (70). A second hybrid heater (90) pressurizes the gaseous helium sphere (40) to reduce the pressure decay caused by the withdrawal of the helium. Two of the hybrid heaters (50 and 90) are fed gaseous oxygen from a sphere (30). A novel ignition system is used to ignite the hybrid heaters (50, 90, 250). One of the hybrid heaters (250) is used to ignite the hybrid motor (100) in the rocket (11).

Abstract: A fuel member comprises a continuous, elongated, flexible and combustible structural component that has a length to width of ratio greater than 100:1, and contains within the structural component, either as a part thereof or as a separate component, an oxidizer in an amount sufficient to support combustion of the fuel member. The fuel member is essentially self-supporting in that it does not require containment tanks or rigid encasement, and therefore is particularly suitable for use in single stage, reusable rocket propulsion systems.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket system and motor includes an oxidant tank communicating with a combustion chamber containing a solid fuel grain. The passage from the oxidant tank to the combustion chamber is obstructed by a fill tube which fills the oxidant tank with oxidant and pressurizes it. Once the tank is full, the fill tube is displaced from the tank-chamber passage to deliver oxidant to the grain and initiate the combustion process. The motor may be an integral part of the rocket, or it may be a modular, expendable or exchangeable cartridge-type device inserted into a reusable body.

Abstract: A liquid oxidizer immersion hybrid rocket having a combustion chamber, a porous fuel material placed in the combustion chamber, a liquid oxidizer filled into pores of the porous fuel material, and two holding plates provided in the combustion chamber so as to hold opposite ends of the porous fuel material respectively. The porous fuel material comprises a large number of layers stacked one another in an axial direction of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: The combustion of a hybrid engine is improved by continuously injecting into a precombustion chamber a hypergolic fluid such as triethyl aluminum which exothermically reacts with and vaporizes the oxidizer such as liquid oxygen. The prevaporized oxidizer evenly combusts the solid propellant grain to develop thrust.

Abstract: A pyrotechnic valve, igniter and combustion preheater for hybrid rocket motors is described. Particularly, the present invention comprises a ported connection means in which is mounted a solid charge of pyrotechnic material which provides a barrier to and obstructs the flow ports of the connection means to maintain the physical separation of the fluid propellant from the solid propellant. In operation, the solid charge is ignited and burns which burning consumes the charge and thereby removes the barrier to fluid propellant flow. The preferred pyrotechnic charge also ignites the solid propellant and thereby initiates combustion. The ported connection means may also include a preheater chamber in which is disposed a hollow or slotted cylinder of solid fuel which when burned, reacts with and heats the fluid oxidizer as it flows to the main combustion chamber to increase the ignitability and combustion efficiency of the solid fuel grain disposed therewithin.

Abstract: A propulsion thruster (10) includes a solid-fuel, liquid-oxidizer main rocket engine (11), a tank (22) of liquid oxygen, and a turbine (32)-driven pump (30) for pumping liquid oxygen to the main engine. A solid-fuel, liquid-oxidizer auxiliary engine (40) has its oxidizer input port (50) coupled to the output (30b) of the turbopump, for generating drive fluids for the turbine (32) of the turbopump. The temperature of the turbine drive fluids is reduced to prevent damage to the turbine, and the mass flow rate is increased, by injecting water from a tank (60) into the drive fluids at the output (48) of the auxiliary engine (40). Starting is enhanced by preventing cooling of the solid fuel by the liquid oxidizer, which is accomplished by applying gaseous oxygen from a tank (90) to the oxidizer input port (50) of the auxiliary engine (40).

Abstract: A sudden expansion combustion chamber comprising a combustion chamber, an inlet port, a backward-facing step layer provided in the combustion chamber having a predetermined thickness so as define the inlet port, and an after-mixing chamber. The sudden expansion combustion chamber is characterized in that it contains at least a slot provided in the backward-facing step layer so as to increase the recirculating flow rate and turbulence of the incoming air, and thus reduce ignition delay.

Abstract: Elemental silicon is a solid high energy material which provides an advane when added to gel, hybrid, and ducted rocket fuels by increasing both specific impulse, lsp, and density specific impulse, .rho.*lsp. The quantity added depends on the specific applications for which the formulation will be used. The usual concentration ranges from about 0.5% to about 70% by weight. The important parameters to consider during formulation are particle size, concentration, combustion efficiency, physical properties, and plume signature. Comparisons for 50% solid fuel loading in a gel bipropulsion system predicts a maximum lsp of 286 lbf.s/lbm as compared to 267 lbf.s/lbm for carbon--a 7% increase. The .rho.*lsp produced by silicon is 14.5 lbf.s/cubic inch as compared to 13.7 lbf.s/cubic inch produced by carbon--a 7% increase. A 25% solid loading in solid fuel-gas generators for the hybrid rocket produced a maximum lsp of 278 lbf.s/lbm as compared to 267 lbf.s/lbm produced by carbon--a 4% increase. The .rho.

Abstract: With the intention of achieving more stable combustion in solid-fuel ramjets, and particularly in the case of ramjets with spinning application, it is proposed that the inner surface of the ramjet fuel element (8) is provided with raised surfaces, or lands (14), preferably formed from the fuel element material. In one preferred embodiment, the lands (14) are straight and extend parallel with the longitudinal axis of the fuel element and have the same length as the fuel element. The tangenital component of the rotating gasflow generated by rotation, forces the peripheral part of the gasflow to pass over these raised surfaces (14), thereby generating standing, stabilizing vortices downstream of the raised surfaces.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket motor having enhanced fuel combustion efficiency is disclosed which includes a plurality of axially aligned fuel grains having multiple axial perforations. The fuel grains are rotated or canted relative to adjacent fuel grains such that the multiple axial perforations are offset.

Abstract: A thrust propulsion unit for an aircraft comprises an engine, such as a turbojet engine with afterburner or a rocket engine, capable of producing thrust by expulsion of hot gases at near sonic or greater velocity through a nozzle portal and a primary ejector connected to the engine comprising a primary air intake for directing ambient air to an intake end of a primary ejector duct and a primary ejector duct having a lateral cross sectional area greater than the nozzle portal. The primary ejector duct receives the gases expelled from the engine portal and the air from the primary air intake and expels them out an exhaust end with increased momentum.

Abstract: A hybrid rocket motor includes a solid propellant fuel grain component which incorporates fuel strengthening agents or mechanical retention devices. In one embodiment, the hybrid fuel formulation is a modified elastomeric polyurethane reaction product based on a liquid hydroxyl-terminated homopolymer of butadiene. A reinforcing agent is added which increases the tensile and tear strength of the grain by 50%. By so strengthening the grain, separation of the grain during the last portion of the burn is minimized. In a second exemplary embodiment, mechanical web stiffeners are provided in the form of a core configuration about which the fuel grain is cast. The web stiffeners are in the form of an open tetrahexagonal truss structure which mechanically traps and adheres to the fuel and becomes an integral part of the fuel grain geometry. In both embodiments, the integrity of the webs is maintained throughout the burn.

Abstract: A controlled fuel flow system from variable flow solid fuel gas generator to secondary combustor is provided, which system includes a hot gas valve which is operated by an electronic controller. The valve is mounted between the gas generator and the secondary combustor, which valve has in the throat thereof a pivotable blade that moves to relatively blocking and unblocking positions therein and a nozzle downstream of such blade which communicates with the secondary combustor. A first pressure transducer is mounted in the gas generator and a second pressure transducer is mounted downstream of such blade near or in the nozzle. Actuator means are also provided to pivot such blade between relatively blocked and unblocked settings as guided by electronic gas flow controller logic. The secondary combustor has one or more air ducts therein and the above system is mounted, e.g., in a variable flow ducted rocket.

Abstract: A propulsion system is disclosed comprising a glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) olid fuel generator (SFGG) that produces fuel-rich hot gases which are combusted in a combustion zone of a combustion chamber of a solid fuel ducted rocket. A basic embodiment comprises an airbreathing engine wherein a ducted member scoops air in from the atmosphere for hypergolic reaction with the fuel-rich hot gases for propulsion during a sustain stage of a flight. An augmentation of the basic embodiment is achieved by combusting the fuel-rich GAP SFGG effluent with inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) gel oxidizer to produce higher thrust during the boost and dash stages of a flight. During the high thrust stages, the air ducts of the ducted member are closed and IRFNA gel is injected into the combustion chamber to react with the fuel-rich hot gases from the GAP SFGG.

Abstract: A gel/solid bipropellant propulsion system employs fuel-rich combustion gs from a solid gas generator and an oxidizer gel in a highly efficient combustion chamber wherein the fuel-rich combustion gases and the oxidizer gel are each metered through a vortex injector into a combustion chamber to produce a hypergolic reaction. The solid gas generator (SSG) has a preferred composition of glycidly azide polymer (GAP). The GAP SSG is composed of GAP diol and/or triol polymerized with a di-or tri-function isocyanate, such as isophorone diisocyanate. The gel/solid bipropellant propulsion system comprises the SSG in combination with an oxidizer storage/extrusion vessel system, a combustion chamber system, and a system controller which controls initial ignition of the SSG to produce fuel rich combustion gas which pressurize the system. The system controller monitors pressures and flow rates of fuel and gel oxidizer.

Abstract: A solid propellant component grain is supported in a combustion chamber. A liquid propellant component container is mounted forward of the combustion chamber. The liquid propellant component is supplied through conduits from the container into the combustion chamber, and ignited to form combustion gas which is discharged out the rear of the combustion chamber to generate thrust for propelling a rocket. A high pressure tank containing a non-flammable gas such as helium is at least partially embedded in the grain. A conduit leads from the tank into the container, such that the high pressure gas pressurizes the container and urges the liquid propellant component to flow from the container into the combustion chamber. The tank provides internal structural support for the grain, with the wall of the combustion chamber constituting a safety barrier in the event of structural failure of the tank after the tank is filled with high pressure gas.

Abstract: There is disclosed in combination with a solid fuel-propellant grain 24 having an axially extending aperture 26, particularly of a hybrid rocket motor, an oxidizer inlet 20 at one end and a combustion gas outlet 22 at the other end, a tubular oxidizer injector 32 disposed in the inlet and extending axially in the grain aperture. The tubular injector comprises a tube 34 containing a plurality of oxidizer injection orifices 38 in the outer circumference of the tube to discharge fluid streams of oxidizer into the fuel grain aperture for combustion of the fuel grain. Additional oxidizer orifices, e.g. in the form of shower head orifices 44, are disposed in the downstream end of the tube.

Abstract: A liquid-solid propulsion system having a tank of liquid oxygen and a high pressure chamber loaded with solid grain fuel with a portion of the liquid oxygen being passed through a heat exchanger to convert the liquid oxygen to gaseous oxygen. The gaseous oxygen is directed to the chamber or solid grain fuel to induce a fuel rich gas burn that is directed to a thrust chamber which also receives liquid oxygen to increase the characteristic velocity of the exhaust and thereby provide the specific impulse of the propulsion system. The gaseous oxygen is also directed to the liquid oxygen tank to pressurize the flow of liquid oxygen from the tank. Valves are interposed to control the flow of liquid and gaseous oxygen to provide the required mixture ratio in the thrust chamber for optimum specific impulse or to terminate the thrust of the propulsion system. A method for providing the liquid-solid propulsion system is also disclosed.

Abstract: Self-contained hybrid propulsion systems have long been recognized as a class of propulsion systems that combine a liquid propellant and a solid propellant into a single system. The propellants are stored separately and the liquid propellant is delivered to the motor casing that holds the solid propellant. The present invention contemplates gasifying the liquid propellant prior to introduction into the motor casing in order to enhance system performance. The solid propellant grain is ignited and partially burned generating heat to evaporate the remaining solid propellant grain at a controlled rate. The resulting mixture is then passed to a secondary combustion region where it is mixed with additional gasified liquid propellant to complete the combustion. An integrated turbopump assembly including a pump portion, a preburner portion and a turbine portion is provided to pressurize and gasify the liquid propellant.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for sealing segment joint crevices is a segmented, solid rocket motor comprising, one or more O-rings or gaskets and associated seating channels, said O-rings being adapted to be seated into the joint crevice outwardly, except the outermost O-ring which is adapted to seat inwardly into the joint crevice.A method is described for seating said O-rings or gaskets comprising, applying a sequence of pressure evacuations, or of pressure excesses and one pressure evacuation, to the joint crevice between the pairs of O-rings through vent access ports, and then sealing off the vent ports.

Abstract: A velocity controller for a ramjet missile, having a supersonic inlet proximate the peripheral skin thereof for admitting air to a combustion zone of a ramjet engine, is comprised of a variable pitch cover disposed in pivotable engagement within the inlet and an actuator in operative engagement with the cover for adjustably positioning same over an angular range and thereby modulating airflow for the purpose of controlling flight characteristics and, principally, velocity of the missile. A sensing system is provided for detecting a dynamic flight parameter indicative of velocity of the missile and generating an output characteristic thereof for controlling the actuator and, in turn, the pitch of the cover. Methods for improving the flight performance of both solid fuel ramjet missiles and ducted rocket missiles are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A fuel composition for a reaction chamber which when combined with a selected reactant produces heat energy and hydrogen gas. A reaction chamber structure, method of making and method of operating the reaction chamber are also disclosed.

Abstract: A fuel composition for a reaction chamber which when combined with a selected reactant produces heat energy and hydrogen gas. A reaction chamber structure, method of making and method of operating the reaction chamber are also disclosed.

Abstract: A missile drive is provided comprising a single combustion chamber shared by a first, acceleration stage and a second, ramjet cruising stage, said chamber housing the solid propellant to be consumed during acceleration. At least one air inlet is opened at the end of the acceleration stage to allow an air flow to be introduced into the combustion chamber. Moreover, at least one additional exhaust outlet forming an additional nozzle is provided in the back of the combustion chamber and means are provided to seal off said additional exhaust outlet or outlets throughout the initial acceleration stage, such that said additional exhaust outlet or outlets contribute, together with the converging-diverging nozzle, to ejecting the exhaust gas during the ramjet cruising stage.

Abstract: A device for controlling the rate of fuel generation in a solid fuel ramjet ngine having a translating tube within the fuel grain and air inlet for continuously changing the distribution of air over the fuel grain in response to air mass flow. The distribution of air effects the aerodynamic shear interaction between the air and solid fuel which causes a change in burn rate.

Abstract: A ram jet rocket includes a precombustion chamber having a solid fuel propellant which burns off so that the gases generated are deficient in oxygen when they pass through a central aperture of a valve body into a main combustion chamber in which they are further burned. The valve body aperture is closed by a bore control member which is urged into a proper setting position by a push rod mounted behind the ball downstream of the aperture. The valve body defines an annular nozzle extending from the aperture downstream through one or more elbow passages into a corresponding number of axially extending passages into the main combustion chamber. The valve construction is characterized by at least one by-pass passage which extends from the upstream end of the valve body into the elbow passage which leads to the axial passage.

Abstract: A device for controlling the flow cross sections of several channels for gas flow tubes which interconnect combustion chamber portions particularly of ram jet engines comprises a polygonal rotary valve which is rotatably mounted adjacent the passages and has corner portions which move through paths which cyclically cover and open these passages. The valve is actuated by a drive which includes a drive motor and shaft which are mounted in an insulation body between the combustion chamber portions.

Abstract: A nozzle/valve device for a ducted rocket motor is provided. The nozzle/valve device employs a design in which a nozzle throat blockage element can be moved by translational motion within the nozzle throat section of the device. The blockage element is designed so that in the closed position the nozzle throat has a minimum cross-sectional flow area and therefore the nozzle throat is never fully closed. The seals employed in the nozzle/valve device are isolated from contact with reaction products of the gas generator and effective use of minimum amounts of erosion resistant materials is achieved.

Abstract: A nozzle/valve device for a ducted rocket motor is provided. The nozzle/valve device employs a design in which a nozzle throat blockage element can be moved by rotational motion into and out of the nozzle throat section of the device. The blockage element is designed so that in the closed position the nozzle throat has a minimum cross-sectional flow area and therefore the nozzle throat is never fully closed. The seals employed in the nozzle/valve device are isolated from contact with reaction products of the gas generator and effective use of minimum amounts of erosion resistant materials is achieved.

Abstract: The metallic wall of the combustion chamber of a combined rocket-ramjet engine is lined with solid ramjet fuel overlaid with rocket fuel. After the consumption of the rocket fuel in the boost portion of the flight the solid ramjet fuel burns and ablates protecting the metallic combustion chamber wall from high temperatures during the cruise phase of the missile flight.

Abstract: A constant thrust hybrid rocket motor having a valve assembly therein which utilizes a fixed diameter orifice in combination with a valve having a variable sized opening therein in order to provide a regulated flow of oxidizer to the combustion chamber of the rocket motor. By selecting the size of the fixed diameter orifice such that it is slightly less than required to yield oxidizer flow at highest density oxidizer conditions (lowest temperature) and selecting the size of the combination of the fixed orifice and the open position of the variable opening such that it is slightly greater than required at lowest density oxidizer conditions (highest temperature), the operation of the rocket motor can be reliably maintained over a wide temperature range and without experiencing wide pressure variations by regulating the size of the variable opening.

Abstract: In a ram jet engine, a tubular combustion chamber is divided into a flame amber followed by a mixing chamber. The ram air is supplied through intake diffusers located on the exterior of the combustion chamber. The intake diffusers supply combustion air directly into the flame chamber and secondary air is conveyed along the exterior of the combustion chambers and then supplied directly into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: A fuel injector for ducted rocket motors is provided that distributes compressible fluid fuel flowing from an upstream throttle device through discharge ports of a hollow tubular member without losing throttling capacity of the throttle device. The injector has an axial fuel flow passage with a cross-sectional area that decreases stepwise rearward of a radial discharge of the fluid fuel. The dimensions and position of the flow passages of the injector provide desired flow distribution while preserving the smoothness and regularity thereof.

Abstract: A gas generator which is structurally and functionally integrated with a fluid heat exchanger. A liquid which is to be heated, vaporized, and used as pressurized gas is introduced into the integrated apparatus where the liquid absorbs heat from the adjacent, but separated, hot gas flow from the gas generator. Unlike the prior art, this integrated gas generator/fluid heat exchanger is useable to pressurize an oxidizer tank of a liquid engine missile.

Abstract: An improved combination of a cover for closing the air inlet openings into he combustion chamber of a jet rocket engine and strike device for destroying the cover is disclosed. In accordance with the improved arrangement, the cover is composed of a material which is internally prestressed and a device is provided for retaining the strike device in a prestrike position relative to the cover which is operative to release the strike device upon the reaching of a predetermined magnitude of the pressure acting on the strike device.

Abstract: A thrust vector control apparatus for selective deployment of a vane within n exhaust stream has the vane mounted on the periphery of an exhaust nozzle for pivotable movement between a retracted position without the stream and an inserted position within the stream. A pivotally mounted link assembly is used with an actuator to urge the vane into the stream. The link assembly becomes locked in place upon the full insertion of the vane. This locked position precludes unintended pivotal motion of the vane; however, rotational motion of the vane is still possible due to the pivotal connection of the link. A second actuator rotates the vane in the stream, thereby controlling the direction of the stream.