Abstract: A method for monitoring functionality of a seal assembly within an injector feed assembly is described. The method includes providing a buffer fluid to the seal assembly, measuring at least one of a pressure and a flow rate of the buffer fluid, and determining a functionality of the seal assembly based at least partially on the at least one of a pressure and a flow rate of the buffer fluid.

Abstract: A compound power generating system comprises a housing unit, a power unit, a rotation unit, at least one oxyhydrogen generating unit and a combustion unit. In the present invention, the collected solar energy is transformed into electric energy to drive the oxyhydrogen generating unit to generate fuel gas, and then the combustion unit burns the fuel gas to generate the updraft air to cause the fans to drive the kinetic generator to generate electrical energy. Therefore, the solar energy is indirectly transformed into the mechanical kinetic energy to drive the kinetic generator.

Abstract: In a retrofit system for hot solids combustion and gasification, a chemical looping system includes an endothermic reducer reactor 12 having at least one materials inlet 22 for introducing carbonaceous fuel and CaCO3 therein and a CaS/gas outlet 26. A first CaS inlet 40 and a first CaSO4 inlet 64 are also defined by the reducer reactor 12. An oxidizer reactor 14 is provided and includes an air inlet 68, a CaSO4/gas outlet 46, a second CaS inlet 44, and a second CaSO4 inlet 66. A first separator 30 is in fluid communication with the CaS/gas outlet 26 and includes a product gas and a CaS/gas outlet 32 and 34 from which CaS is introduced into said first and second CaS inlets. A second separator 50 is in fluid communication with the CaSO4/gas outlet 46 and has an outlet 52 for discharging gas therefrom, and a CaSO4 outlet from which CaSO4 is introduced into the first and second CaSO4 inlets 62, 66.

Abstract: A novel method of combining the CTL fuel plant and IGCC electrical plant by sharing the systems of coal intake, coal preparation, gas separation, and water units is described herein. This configuration allows for the combined facility to offer advantages in efficiencies of production, operational flexibility, scalability, and reliability by a multi-path integration of the processing units.

Abstract: A method is provided that includes removing carbon dioxide from untreated syngas received from a gasifier to produce a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, modifying the gas stream by adding carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or any combination thereof, and providing the gas stream from an acid gas remover to a feed system for use as a conveyance gas to convey a feedstock into the gasifier. Systems implementing these and other methods are also provided.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuel is sent to a reformer, which produces carbon and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sent to a fuel cell which uses it to generate electricity, and the electricity is used to actuate an electric motor that is coupled to an output shaft of a turbine to impart torque to the shaft. Additionally, hydrocarbon fuel can be provided to the turbine intake directly and/or carbon from the reformer can be mixed with steam from the fuel cell and sent to the turbine intake, in either case to impinge on the turbine blades and impart further torque to the output shaft.

Abstract: The invention provides a hybrid integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant for carbon dioxide emission reduction and increased efficiency including an internally- circulating fluidized bed carbonizer that forms a syngas and char. The invention also provides methods and equipment for retrofitting existing IGCC plants to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase efficiency, reduce equipment size and/or decrease the use of water, coal or other resources.

Abstract: A gas inlet configured to convey a gas stream from a feed source to the system. A hydrogen sulfide removal stage includes a first vessel configured to receive a first media. A primary compression stage is configured to elevate a pressure of the gas stream. A moisture removal stage is configured to condense and separate remaining moisture from the gas stream. A siloxane removal stage includes a second vessel configured to receive a second media. A carbon dioxide removal stage includes a single-stage membrane configured to separate carbon dioxide from the gas stream by a permeability characteristic of the gas stream. A secondary compression stage is configured to elevate a pressure of the gas stream to a level suitable for distribution to CNG-compatible vehicles. An electrical generator set has a prime mover configured to be fueled by the gas stream.

Abstract: A combined heat and power plant in which air is compressed in a compressor, the compressed air is reacted with a fuel, producing high temperature, high pressure combustion products, the combustion products heat a first heat load whereby the combustion products are cooled to a temperature suitable for entry into an expander, and the cooled, high pressure combustion products are expanded in the expander which provides turning power to a power load such as a generator. Less than substantially 200% excess air and preferably less than substantially 20% excess air is compressed. The exhaust gas from the expander may optionally heat a second heat load. The first heat load may be the heating of a hydrocarbon and steam to promote steam methane reforming to form syngas. The second heat load may be a combination of boiling steam for reforming a hydrocarbon and heating a building or the like.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention may provide a variable speed booster, which receives air from a compressor of a gas turbine through an intercooler, to supply air at a relatively constant pressure to an air processing unit. An embodiment of the present invention may provide a speed adjustable booster turbine to energize a variable speed booster; which provides air at a relatively constant pressure to an air processing unit.

Abstract: A system for generating electricity includes a housing body defining an accommodating space, an oxyhydrogen generating unit, a combustion unit, a turbine unit disposed above the combustion unit, and an electrical generator. The housing body is formed with a top exhaust vent and at least one air entrance both in flow communication with the accommodating space. The air entrance allows air to flow into the accommodating space. The oxyhydrogen generating unit is used for electrolytically converting an electrolyte into oxyhydrogen gas. The combustion unit is operable to burn the oxyhydrogen gas from the oxyhydrogen generating unit for heating air in the accommodating space so as to generate an upward airflow. The turbine unit is to be driven by the upward airflow to rotate. The electrical generator is driven by the turbine unit so as to generate electrical power.

Abstract: An exemplary system method for the operation of a CCP P with flue gas recirculation to reduce NOx emissions and/or to increase the CO2 concentration in the flue gases to facilitate CO2 capture from the flue gases is disclosed. The flue gas recirculation rate (rFRG) is controlled as function of the combustion pressure and/or the hot gas temperature. Operability is enhanced by admixing of oxygen or oxygen enriched air to the gas turbine inlet gases or to the combustion.

Abstract: A hybrid thermal power generation system using crude oil as a fuel comprises a combined cycle power generation system for generating power by supplying naphtha and light oil separated by an atmospheric distillation column alone into different gas turbines and using steam produced by exhaust heat and a conventional power generation system for generating power by burning heavy oil separated by the atmospheric distillation column alone.

Abstract: A synthesis gas-based fuel system with a main synthesis gas pipe which branches off a gasification device and ends at a transfer point is described. The main gas pipe is connected to a burner. A device for admixing a second fuel and, downstream there from in a direction of flow of a synthesis gas, a mixing device are arranged within the main synthesis gas pipe. Further, a method for operating the synthesis gas-based fuel system for rapid load changes in a synthesis gas-operated gas turbine is provided.

Abstract: A synthesis gas-based fuel system with a main synthesis gas pipe that branches of a gasification device is provided. A synthesis gas storage tank is connected to the main synthesis gas pipe via a first secondary pipe. Further, a method for operating such a synthesis gas-based fuel system is described.

Abstract: A portion of the exhaust generated by a turbomachine is recirculated through an inlet portion by an exhaust gas recirculation system. The system reduces the level of Sulfur Oxides and other constituents within the exhaust before the exhaust is recirculated. The system may utilize sea water, fresh water, or combinations thereof; as part of a scrubbing process to reduce the Sulfur Oxides and other constituents.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for processing refinery residuals. In one embodiment, the system may include a gasifier configured to produce syngas from refinery residuals. A gas turbine engine may produce power from the syngas, and the power may be provided to a desalination system. A portion of the syngas may be provided to a shift reactor.

Abstract: A coated flow-through substrate comprising a flow-through substrate and a sulfur-containing compound disposed as a coating on the flow-through substrate. The coated flow-through substrate may be used, for example, in the removal of a heavy metal from a fluid such as a gas stream.

Abstract: The invention relates to alternative power engineering, more specifically to methods and devices for processing organic waste into thermal and electrical energy, liquid, solid and gaseous energy carriers and into other useful chemical products. The method differs from a known method for the pyrolysis processing of organic waste through air-free thermal heating in that the thermal heating is carried out in an aqueous medium at pressures in the medium that are greater than the pressure of saturated water vapor at the highest pyrolysis temperature. As a result, humid and liquid organic waste can be processed into combustible energy carriers without pre-drying, and the heat energy produced when the pyrolysis products are burned can be used both for maintaining the organic waste processing process and for producing commercial heat and electrical energy.

Abstract: Systems and methods for injection of feedstock are included. In one embodiment, a system includes a solid fuel injector. The solid fuel injector includes a solid fuel passage, a first gas passage, and a second gas passage. The solid fuel passage is configured to inject a solid fuel through a fuel outlet in a fuel direction. The first gas passage is configured to inject a first gas through a first gas outlet in a first gas direction. The second gas passage is configured to inject a second gas through a second gas outlet in a second gas direction. The first gas direction is oriented at a first angle relative to the fuel direction. The second gas direction is oriented at a second angle relative to the fuel direction, and the first and second angles are different from one another.

Abstract: A gasifying agent supply path A from an axial flow compressor 21 which boosts pressure of a gasifying agent to a gasifying furnace 2 is branched, and a gasifying agent bypass path D having an escaping pressure adjusting valve 23 is provided. The flow quantity or pressure of the gasifying agent supplied to the gasifying furnace 2 from the gasifying agent supply path A can be adjusted according to the degree of opening of the adjusting valve 23 disposed in the gasifying agent bypass path D, whereby providing a control valve in the gasifying agent supply path A is no longer necessary. Thus, pressure loss at the gasifying agent supply path A can be suppressed, and the discharge pressure of the axial flow compressor 21 can be greatly reduced.

Abstract: A device and method for producing a reformate fuel from a hydrocarbon gas source. The invention enables the conversion of a dilute hydrocarbon gas into a more easily consumable reformate fuel. Gases having low concentrations of hydrocarbons are concentrated using a concentrator into a gaseous or liquid concentrated VOC fuel. The concentrated VOC fuel is then converted into a reformate using a reformer. The reformate is more easily consumed by an energy conversion device such as a combustion engine, fuel cell, sterling engine or similar device that converts chemical energy into kinetic or electrical energy. The reformer enables complex hydrocarbon fuels that are not normally suitable for use in an energy conversion device to be converted into a reformate. The reformate may be directly supplied into the energy conversion device.

Abstract: A method for operating a power plant (2), which includes at least one compressor (3), at least one turbine (4), and a burner arrangement (5), involves, to enhance the power plant (2), feeding a combustion exhaust gas from a pre-burner (8) of the burner arrangement (5) to an oxygen-removal device (11), which removes gas of the oxygen from the combustion exhaust gas in which it is contained.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing pulverized coal used in the production of synthesis gas combusted in gas turbines used in integrated gasification combined cycle power plants uses gas turbine exhaust gas to dry and convey pulverized coal from a pulverizer to a coal/gas separation device.

Abstract: A method for operating a catalytic reforming assembly. The method includes injecting a quantity of oxidizer gas and a quantity of combustion gas into a reformer to form a mixture. The mixture is channeled across a catalyst bed to form a reformate gas stream. A temperature of the catalyst bed is measured using at least one temperature sensor. A level of the oxidizer gas in the reformate stream is measured using at least one oxidizer gas sensor. A health of the catalyst bed is determined based on at least one of a catalyst bed temperature measurement and an oxidizer gas level.

Abstract: A scalable endothermic reaction apparatus, system and method captures, concentrates, and converts atmospheric heat and humidity into diatomic hydrogen and stoichiometric oxygen for use within an exothermic device such as an engine, a turbine, or a fuel cell. No nitrogen or carbon compounds are introduced into the process utilized by the apparatus. All operating matter and energy utilized in the process is recycled in a closed loop system. Energy emitted from the exothermic device as waste is captured and immediately returned as waste hot water to the endothermic device. The waste output of the work-producing device is thus an exploitable asset that can be repeatedly returned in service through the endothermic device, without any emissions from an exhaust or tailpipe in the system. At peak efficiency, the exothermic and endothermic processes are formed as an apparatus that is thermally sealed in a free-standing and self-sustaining operating package.

Abstract: The present invention features gasification reactor and gas turbine cycle in an IGCC. A gas turbine is coupled to a gasification reactor and drives the gasification reaction. The gasification reactor includes a reduction reaction chamber, a feed stock inlet for introducing the feed stock into the reduction reaction chamber, a gas inlet for introducing an exhaust gas generated by the turbine into the reduction reaction chamber, and a gas outlet for releasing syngas generated by a reduction reaction of the feed stock and the exhaust gas in the reduction reaction chamber. The temperature of the reduction reaction chamber is maintained above 1200° C. and below a non-fluid point of the non-carbonaceous component, such as slag in coal, included in the feed stock.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention may provide a variable speed booster, which receives air from a compressor of a gas turbine through an intercooler, to supply air at a relatively constant pressure to an air processing unit. An embodiment of the present invention may provide an external power source to energize the variable speed booster; which provides air at a relatively constant pressure to an air processing unit.

Abstract: A method and system for operating a gas turbine engine power system are provided. The system includes a gas turbine engine system that includes a gas turbine engine coupled to an electrical generator through a first shaft wherein the gas turbine engine includes a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine drivingly coupled to the compressor and the electrical generator. The system also includes a variable speed electrical motor coupled to a load through a second shaft and a variable speed drive selectably couplable to the electrical generator during a starting sequence of the gas turbine engine system in a first configuration of the gas turbine engine power system and to the variable speed motor in a second configuration of the gas turbine engine power system.

Abstract: Hydrocarbon fuel is sent to a reformer, which produces carbon and hydrogen. The hydrogen is sent to a fuel cell which uses it to generate electricity, and the electricity is used to actuate an electric motor that is coupled to an output shaft of a turbine to impart torque to the shaft. Additionally, hydrocarbon fuel can be provided to the turbine intake directly and/or carbon from the reformer can be mixed with steam from the fuel cell and sent to the turbine intake, in either case to impinge on the turbine blades and impart further torque to the output shaft.

Abstract: The power plant combusts a hydrocarbon fuel with oxygen to produce high temperature high pressure products of combustion. These products of combustion are routed through an expander to generate power. The products of combustion are substantially free of oxides of nitrogen because the oxidizer is oxygen rather than air. To achieve fast starting, oxygen, fuel and water diluent are preferably stored in quantities sufficient to allow the power plant to operate from these stored consumables. The fuel can be a gaseous or liquid fuel. The oxygen is preferably stored as liquid and routed through a vaporizer before combustion in a gas generator along with the hydrocarbon fuel. In one embodiment, the vaporizer gasifies the oxygen by absorption of heat from air before the air is routed into a separate heat engine, such as a gas turbine. The gas turbine thus operates on cooled air and has its power output increased.

Abstract: A process for the production, treatment and combustion of synthesis gas for the purpose of generating electric power is disclosed. The synthesis gas is produced from a solid, carbon-containing fuel with the aid of an oxygen-containing gas and treated by a slag-separating device and a device separating alkalis. Subsequently, the synthesis gas produced is fed to an expansion turbine where the pressure energy is used for generating power. On account of the treatment and separation of alkalis the expansion turbine is protected from corrosion and mechanical impact. The expanded synthesis gas is then burnt under pressure and the combustion is used in a combined-cycle process using a gas turbine, steam generator and steam turbine for generating power. The process thus has an increased efficiency. Apparatus for use of the process is also described.

Abstract: The present application provides an integrated gasification combined cycle system. The integrated gasification combined cycle system may include a gas turbine engine, a syngas system for producing a syngas for the gas turbine engine and having a compressor therein, and a second gas engine in communication with the syngas system. The second gas engine dives the compressor via the syngas.

Abstract: A hybrid multichannel porous structure for processing between two fluid streams of different compositions includes a housing and one or more structures disposed within the cavity of the housing in a shell and tube configuration. Each structure includes a body made of a porous, inorganic material and a plurality of channels for processing an optional sweep stream. Each channel is coated with a membrane layer. A feed stream introduced into the housing is in direct contact with the structures such that a gas selectively permeates through the body and into the channels. The gas combines with the sweep stream to form a permeate that exits from each channel. The remaining feed stream forms a retentate that exits from the housing. The feed stream may consist of syngas containing hydrogen gas and the sweep stream may contain nitrogen gas. A power plant that incorporates the hybrid structure is disclosed.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention takes the form of a system that may recirculate a portion of the exhaust of at least one turbomachine where it may be mixed with the inlet air and re-enter the turbomachine without affecting reliability and availability of the unit. An embodiment of the present invention provides an inlet system for an exhaust gas recirculation system. This inlet system may take a variety of forms and may optimize the direction that the portion of the recirculated exhaust stream flows within the inlet system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a reformed-fuel-burning gas turbine system that constantly generates good-quality reformed fuel even when heavy fuel has a different composition. The reformed-fuel-burning gas turbine system according to the present invention comprises a heavy oil heater; a water heater; a reformer vessel for mixing high-temperature, high-pressure water with high-temperature, high-pressure heavy oil to cause a hydrothermal reaction and producing reformed fuel from heavy oil; and a gas turbine which operates on the reformed fuel.

Abstract: A system that stabilizes or supplements the variable power output from an external energy source by producing power from aluminum alloys. The aluminum alloy produces hydrogen from water, and also releases heat. During this process, the aluminum alloy is oxidized to alumina mixture, which can be recycled in a smelting unit to regenerate the aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy can be easily transported in existing transportation system to different locations. The system produces electricity on-demand using portions of the existing power generation and transportation systems with minimal carbon footprint/emission.

Abstract: A system includes a gas turbine compressor including multiple radial protrusions disposed about a circumference of the gas turbine compressor. Each radial protrusion includes multiple gaseous fuel injection orifices configured to inject gaseous fuel into the gas turbine compressor.

Abstract: A method for removing methane from biogas is described. The method includes: (i) receiving biogas including methane and other components into a first tank; (ii) receiving water into the first tank; (iii) contacting the biogas with the water inside the first tank; (iv) dispensing methane gas from an outlet of the first tank; and (v) producing from the tank an effluent stream that includes other components of the biogas.

Abstract: A method for using excess energy generated by a renewable power generation system including at least one renewable power generator to treat organic waste material to generate crude oil. The method includes providing a renewable power generation management system operatively coupled to the renewable power generation system. The renewable power generation management system receives operational data from a pump load operatively coupled to the renewable power generator, and/or operational data from an electrical grid operatively coupled to the renewable power generator. Based at least in part on anticipated energy requirements, excess energy is supplied to the pump load to facilitate treating the organic waste material to generate crude oil.

Abstract: A reformation power plant generates clean electricity from carbonaceous material and high pressure CO2 which can be easily sequestered or utilized for a beneficial purpose, such as fuel production. The reformation power plant design utilizes a reformation process that reforms carbonaceous fuel with super-heated steam into a high-pressure gaseous mixture that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. This high-pressure gas exchanges excess heat with the incoming steam from a boiler and continues onward to a condenser. Once cooled, the high-pressure gas goes through a methanol separator, after which the CO2-rich gas is sequestered underground or beneficially re-used. The remaining hydrogen-rich gas is combusted through a gas turbine. The gas turbine provides power to a generator and also regenerative heat for the boiler. Finally, the generator converts mechanical energy into electricity, which is transferred to the electric grid.

Abstract: Plasma-Based Waste-to-Energy (PBWTE) methods/systems, including plasma-assisted gasification systems, are described that can be integrated into a single system which when fed a steam of municipal solid waste, discarded tires, or electronic wastes, organic or inorganic, which have been shredded to a uniform size produces a synthesis gas (syngas) and a molten slag, and/or electricity. The systems can be mobile, for example, implemented on a vehicle.

Abstract: Hydrogen (H2) gas and crude carbon dioxide (CO2) gas are separated from a gaseous mixture thereof. Combustible gas(es) in the crude CO2 gas are combusted to produce heat, at least a portion of which is recovered by indirect heat exchange with at least a portion of the separated H2 gas or a gas derived therefrom. The invention may be integrated with coal-fired power stations to reduce or eliminate emission of harmful components into the atmosphere.

Abstract: A direct-fired coal combustion system includes a swirl chamber having an input configured to receive a coal-water slurry and causing the coal-water slurry to mix with discharge air from a compressor to gasify the coal-water slurry and create a synthesis gas. The system also includes a cyclone separator directly coupled to the second end of the swirl chamber and a second stage combustion input coupled to an output of the cyclone separator.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating electrical power in which a synthesis gas stream generated in a gasifier is partially oxidized, expanded and thereafter, is combusted in an oxygen transport membrane system of a boiler. The combustion generates heat to raise steam to in turn generate electricity by a generator coupled to a steam turbine. The resultant flue gas can be purified to produce a carbon dioxide product.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for in situ gas-phase formation and deflagration of nitrocellulose. A nitrating agent such as nitric acid and cellulose are delivered separately to a reaction chamber, where a brief heating pulse initiates nitration of the cellulose and deflagration of the nitrocellulose thus produced. Discharge of the high-pressure gases produced by the deflagration from the reaction chamber can then be used to drive an actuator, turbine, etc.

Abstract: A first process step comprises creating a hot gas, containing some molecular oxygen, by burning gas fuel with air and subsequently adding air to the burned gases. A second process step passes these hot oxygen containing gases through a bed of coal chunks, to remove volatile matter from the coal, and partially oxidize some of the volatile matter, as well as to transform the coal chunks into coke chunks. These hot coke chunks are transferred into a coke reaction chamber, where air is passed upward through the coke bed and oxidizes the coke largely to carbon monoxide, a fuel gas. This carbon monoxide fuel gas is combined with the volatile matter gases, and this fuel gas combination can be cleanly burned with addition thereto of overfire air. These process steps create a clean hot gas suitable for use in various apparatus, such as, steam boilers, gas turbines, and cement kilns.

Abstract: In an integrated gasification power plant a steam recovery system is provided. The system enables power generation equipment designed for a predominant fuel and operating condition to efficiently utilize additional steam generation by syngas coolers when heat transfer surface condition or fuel characteristics enable additional steam generation. The system can detect excess steam generation, integrate it with the syngas cleaning process and transmit it to the power generation equipment. The system results in a low cost power generation system which is capable of efficiently operating with a wide range of fuels and a wide rang of operating conditions.

Abstract: A porous membrane structure is disclosed, which includes a porous substrate, a mesoporous, aluminum oxide layer disposed on the substrate; and a relatively thin, continuous, microporous barrier layer disposed on the mesoporous aluminum oxide layer, also formed from aluminum oxide. The membrane is capable of improving hydrogen selectivity within a gas stream, e.g., a synthesis gas composition. Membrane supports containing these structures are also described, as well as gas separation modules, and related processes. Power plants which incorporate the gas separation modules are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for production of electric energy and CO2 from a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising steam reforming of the feedstock, separation and combustion of hydrogen and separation of CO2. Further the invention relates to a power plant for performing the process.