Abstract: A drive mechanism for ships or the like having at least one main propeller or the like drivable by at least one main motor and further having at least one drivable auxiliary mechanism, for example a maneuvering propeller. An energy producer is drivable by the main motor. A further motor is driven by the energy producer and arranged for driving the drivable auxiliary mechanism. An adjusting mechanism is provided for adjusting energy emitted by the energy producer or absorbed by the further motor. A regulator adjusts the adjusting mechanism to a preselected energy output. The main motor and the auxiliary mechanism are sized such that in the higher part of the speed range of the main motor, the sum of the energy required to drive the propulsion means at that speed and simultaneously drive the auxiliary mechanism at that speed exceed the output available from the main motor.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method and a device for optimizing purification of diesel exhaust gases, the purification being carried out by using a catalyst.It is the object of the present invention to avoid the development of NO.sub.2 in the catalyst at the same time as the contents of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons are maintained at a low level.This object is accomplished by adjusting the temperature of the exhaust gases when they pass the catalyst. The adjustment is carried out by finely divided injection of some cooling medium into the exhaust gases.

Abstract: Film cooling apparatus adapted to be connected into a conduit carrying a hot exhaust gas. The apparatus comprises single walled contoured duct means connectible to said conduit and a center-body aerodynamically shaped and supported within said duct means so as to form therewith an annular channel of zero pressure gradient. Slot means are provided in the single walled contoured duct means and in the center-body to enable a flow of cooling air over exterior surfaces thereof to maintain said surfaces at an acceptably low temperature. A network of ducting carries the cooling air to the contoured duct means and interior of the center-body. The duct means and center-body are preferably of circular cross-section taken orthogonally of the overall flow direction. The center-body is an axisymmetric bulb having annular slots for directing the cooling air over the exterior of said bulb.

Abstract: An electronic constant speed control for a hydrostatic transmission having a variable displacement hydraulic pump with a displacement controlling member movable to various positions at either side of a neutral position and having an input shaft connectable to a prime mover and a hydraulic motor having an output shaft, an electric controller for positioning siad displacement controlling member, a command potentiometer for establishing a set constant speed signal representing a desired constant speed between zero and maximum speed in either direction of rotation for said output shaft, a speed detecting device for establishing a pump input shaft speed signal, a circuit for generating a position control signal representing the required position of the displacement controlling member for the set speed which is responsive to the constant speed and pump input shaft speed signals, a speed detecting device for establishing an output shaft speed signal, a circuit for comparing the output shaft speed signal with said se

Abstract: A diffuser and baffle device prevents sea water intrusion or ingestion into marine gas turbine engine exhaust system without significantly increasing exhaust back pressure. Inboard and outboard rows of vertical turning vanes are separated by a gap and effect successive bends of the exhaust flow in opposite directions while affording an increase in cross-sectional area. The outboard vanes are slotted at their inboard edge portions, and the inboard vanes are provided with hook-shaped projections defining grooves, whereby water driven into the device is arrested and drained overboard.

Abstract: A device for shielding a heated surface from infra-red detection through an opening adjacent to the heated surface. The device includes a gas-conducting member, which is adapted to receive heated gases, and has an exterior surface, an interior surface, an inlet for receipt of heated gases from the opening, and an outlet for the discharge of gases. The gas-conducting member has a configuration which blocks the inlet to the member from line-of-sight view through the outlet to the member. Additionally, the device draws cooling air over the exterior surface of the gas-conducting member. The cooling air may then be mixed with the heated gases within the gas conducting member. This provides cooling of the gas-conducting member to prevent the member from being visible to infra-red detection and may also provide cooling of the gases which are discharged from the outlet of the gas-conducting member by mixing of the heated gases with the cooling air.

Abstract: An automotive single shaft gas turbine engine has a monorotor with a plurality of radial flow compressor blades thereon discharging compressed air to a recuperator for transferring heat from engine exhaust to the inlet combustion air to a combustor which produces motive fluid directed across a plurality of radial inflow turbine vanes on the monorotor and wherein the automotive gas turbine engine is further associated with an exhaust flow system including the regenerator, a series connected intercooler and a secondary compressor to produce a subatmospheric pressure source in the engine gas cycle to improve the thermal efficiency of the engine cycle and to further define a vacuum source for operating automotive accessories; and to provide a heat source at subatmospheric pressure for passenger compartment heater operation. The subatmospheric source is connected to the secondary compressor which is operative to compress turbine exhaust gas back to one atmosphere of pressure for discharge to the environment.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine cowling suitable for a helicopter contains a gas turbine engine having a vortex tube separator panel for the purpose of separating water droplets and particulate material from engine inlet air. The vortex tube separator panel is mounted in a duct extending the length of the cowling so that air passing through the duct supplies air for passing through the panel to the engine inlet as well as maintaining a flow of air transverse to the panel. The air flow transverse to the panel ensures that blockage of the panel by ice is substantially reduced or eliminated. Under forward flight conditions, ram air passes through the duct but during hovering, the air flow through the duct is induced by an ejector powered by the exhaust efflux from the engine. The portion of the air flow through the duct which does not enter the gas turbine engine is utilized in the cooling of the engine exhaust efflux in order to reduce the amount of infra-red radiation emitted thereby.

Abstract: The hydrostatic transmission control system includes a first and second two-position solenoid valve which function to alter the hydraulic fluid parameters as delivered to the servo control cylinders of a variable displacement pump associated with a hydrostatic transmission. Activation of the first solenoid valve instigates a varying of pump displacement. Once the desired pump displacement has been achieved, the second solenoid valve is activated to maintain the desired pump displacement. The deactivation of both solenoid valves results in the hydrostatic transmission seeking and maintaining a neutral mode.

Abstract: An installation for producing compressed gas or mechanical energy contains an aircraft jet engine, the exhaust gases from which are used to heat a steam generator. A heat exchanger cools the exhaust gas to atmospheric temperature. The steam generator can provide steam for a steam turbine driving the compressor which compresses the exhaust gas to the final pressure. A gas turbine without a useful turbine or a second jet engine can be disposed between the heat exchanger and compressor and its exhaust gas can be used to heat a second steam generator. An additional heat exchanger cools the gas to atmospheric temperature and the compressor compresses it to the final pressure. The compressor can also comprise the compression stage of a gas turbine without a useful turbine or the compression stage of an aircraft jet engine having an expansion stage which drives a useful turbine producing mechanical energy. The expanded exhaust gas from the useful turbine can be used to supply heat for an additional steam generator.

Abstract: An absorber tower maintenance isolation system for isolating an absorber tower while maintaining a steam generation plant in operation. An inlet blank-off plate and outlet blank-off plate cooperate with louver dampers in the inlet and outlet ducts to permit shut down or start up of an absorber tower. Closure devices and locking devices act to keep the blank-off plates in position. Equalization devices and duct vent holes allow release to the atmosphere. Further, access is provided to the absorber tower inlet and outlet ducts.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of suppressing infrared radiation emitted from hot metal parts at the aft end of a gas turbine engine and from the exhaust gas plume thereof are provided and such apparatus comprises a dual purpose ejector vane assembly operatively associated with the engine for introducing cooling ambient air into the hot engine exhaust gases and hiding the hot metal parts wherein the assembly comprises a tubular duct structure comprised of two cooperating portions defined by an upstream portion and a downstream portion with the upstream portion having a discharge end of a particular area and the downstream portion having an inlet end provided with an inlet area which is larger than the particular area to define an annular space therebetween for receiving cooling ambient air therethrough by ejector action during operation of the engine, and one of the portions has at least one vane providing at least one stream of cooling ambient air by ejector action completely across the duct structure which ser

Abstract: A tractor having a hydraulically driven power takeoff shaft in which manipulation of a control handle in the forward direction causes the speed of the shaft to be varied in accordance with the position of the handle and also in accordance with engine speed. When, however, the control handle is moved to the extreme forward position, the power takeoff shaft is operated at either of two selected constant speeds regardless of engine speed as long as the engine speed is adequate to maintain such constant speed. When the control handle is moved in the opposite direction towards reverse position, the power takeoff shaft is driven at a variable speed, dependent on the position of the handle and on the engine speed. This speed is relatively low as compared with that of the forward speeds.The tractor is provided with a manually operated energy shutoff control adjacent the power takeoff shaft, in the form of a push button switch which can be actuated whenever a sudden termination of the shaft operation is desired.

Abstract: A hydrostatic winch having a hydraulic drive system with a dual control valve which adjusts pressure in control lines for varying the speed of lowering and hoisting a load and a brake for stopping the load has an overspeed control system which includes first valve means for relieving pressure in the control lines and first valve control means which opens the valve to automatically slow the speed of the winch when the load is moving too fast and a fail safe system for smoothly stopping the load, if necessary, which includes a braking system having a normally "off" brake which is biased towards an "on" position but which is held in the "off" position by a hydraulic cylinder.

Abstract: A control system for a hydrostatic transmission is disclosed of the type including an engine driven fluid pump and a fluid motor. The control system includes a main control operable in response to an electrical command signal to vary the displacement of the pump, and a command signal generator for generating the command signal. The anti-stall control includes means for comparing electrical signals representative of engine speed and a reference speed, and generating an electrical anti-stall signal representative of the maximum percentage of commanded pump displacement which is permissible without causing the engine to drop below the reference speed. The anti-stall control includes means for electrically multiplying the anti-stall signal and the command signal, downstream of the shaping and rate limiting circuits. The invention provides a simple, inexpensive anti-stall control which can be adjusted to have the maximum possible gain (responsiveness) without inducing circuit instability.

Abstract: A steering control system is disclosed for use on a dual path, hydrostatic drive vehicle. The steering control system includes a steering signal generator, the steering signal representing commanded steering ratio and direction. The system senses vehicle direction and steering direction and generates an electrical switch signal having a first or second condition, depending upon which transmission must have its speed reduced to achieve the desired vehicle orientation. The steering signal and the main speed command signal are multiplied to generate a speed modification signal and an electrical switch transmits the modification signal to one transmission or the other depending upon whether the switch signal is in the first or second condition. The disclosed steering system permits use of a T-handle control, for both speed and steering, such that vehicle orientation may be maintained generally perpendicular to handle orientation for both forward and reverse vehicle travel.

Abstract: In a boiler having a plurality of heat exchanger stages such as a superheater, an evaporator and a preheater, disposed in a combustion gas channel between heat exchangers including an optimum catalytic reaction temperature region are a denitration catalyst layer crossing said channel and a reductant feeding device for adding a reductant such as ammonia gas at a point a little short of catalyst layer. The denitration catalyst layer comprises a number of plate-like catalyst bodies whose plate surfaces extend along the direction of flow of gas, and desirably it is honey-comb-shaped. If the boiler is a waste heat boiler, the denitration catalyst layer will be disposed between the superheater and the evaporator.

Abstract: An indirect Brayton cycle is employed for an energy recovery system useful for large mass flow applications, such as a cast-iron making cupola. Exhaust gases from the cupola (elevated in temperature due to conversion by burning to CO.sub.2 and due to elimination of cooling of the exhaust passages) are directed to a turbine (which extracts energy to drive a compressor and electrical generator), the exhaust gases are then expanded (reduced in pressure), passed through a heat exchanger to release additional heat units to an air supply feeding the cupola, and then through the compressor to be raised in pressure to ambient for dumping. The exhaust gases are roughly filtered prior to entry into the recovery system and fine filtered after leaving the system prior to dumping; the residual temperature of the fine filtered exhaust gases is about 390.degree. F.

Abstract: A reducing agent such as ammonia, urea or hydrazine effecting selective reduction reaction with an exhaust gas from a gas turbine is injected into a duct of the turbine along with water, and at the same time compressed air from a compressor for the turbine is jetted in the duct to atomize the reducing agent. An amount of the water is controlled so that the surrounding temperature will be suitable for reduction of nitrogen oxides of the exhaust gas. The atomized reducing agent flowing in the duct is decelerated by silencers disposed in the duct, especially by a particular arrangement thereof, so that the reducing agent will be in good contact with the exhaust gas to sufficiently reduce the nitrogen oxides. Catalyst layers are used according to kinds of the reducing agent. The catalyst layers are disposed in the silencers or at the positions that the silencers are disposed.

Abstract: A waste heat recovery boiler apparatus for generating steam by utilizing the heat of exhaust gases of a gas turbine machine, comprising a passage connected at one end thereof to the gas turbine machine, said exhaust gases passing through said passage, a fuel economizer arranged in the passage for preheating feed water, an evaporator arranged in said passage and disposed on the upstream side of said fuel economizer for vaporizing the preheated feed water, a superheater arranged in said passage and disposed on the upstream side of said evaporator for superheating the vaporized feed water to generate superheated steam, and a denitration device arranged in said passage and disposed in a zone in the passage for removing oxides of nitrogen from the exhaust gases. The exhaust gases in such zone have a temperature which is in the range between 300.degree. and 400.degree.

Abstract: A total fluid power system for an engine powered vehicle includes an engine driven, variable displacement pump, a pair of variable displacement wheel motors and auxiliary functions. Transducers sense engine speed, pump output pressure and motor speeds to supply signals to pump and motor controls which process the signals with operator input signals to maintain pump and motor displacements for optimum engine power usage and desired vehicle performance.

Abstract: A radiation suppressor for exhaust turbine or other engines which signifitly reduces the lock-on range of infrared seeking missiles is provided. Engine exhaust gases are the sole power source for driving an exhaust turbine which includes a self-contained turbo-fan assembly and a surrounding plenum-shroud assembly both of which are structurally supported by the aircraft or other vehicle-cooling air duct assembly. The turbo-fan assembly comprises a turbine wheel having a top or outer fan for providing both hot metal and plume cooling air and a central centrifugal blower to partially cool the hollow turbine blades. The duct assembly is combined with ambient air passages to distribute plume cooling air, while a plenum-shroud assembly which surrounds these assemblies includes internally cooled radial vanes disposed in a turbine shroud as well as an outer fairing having flow passages for cooling air.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of suppressing infrared radiation emitted from hot metal parts at the aft end of a gas turbine engine and from the exhaust gas plume thereof during engine operation is provided and comprises a multiple purpose ejector vane assembly operatively attached to the engine for introducing cooling ambient air into the hot engine exhaust gases and hiding the hot metal parts and means attaching the vane assembly to the engine with the vane assembly comprising a duct structure for receiving and confining the engine exhaust gases and a plurality of radial ejector vanes supported by the duct structure for introducing cooling ambient air into hot engine exhaust gases during engine operation by ejector action while simultaneously imparting a spiral swirl to both the cooling ambient air and the exhaust gases with the swirl promoting mixing of ambient air within the duct structure and causing additional entrainment of ambient air downstream of the duct structure.

Abstract: A hydraulic drive circuit for tracked vehicles is provided in the form of two hydrostatic transmissions, one for each track with a control system for one track acting as a master control and the other transmission control following as a slave unit, except as modified by the signal from a manual steering control.

Abstract: A hybrid propulsion system, particularly for a vehicle, having a free piston type engine-pump unit connected to a working fluid circuit for controlling pressurization of a working fluid, which fluid in turn drives a hydraulic motor interconnected to the vehicle wheels. The motor-pump unit includes a free piston assembly having a pair of fixedly connected power pistons, each of which has a pump piston fixed thereto. The fluid system includes high and low pressure accumulators in communication with pumping chambers associated with the pump pistons. The power pistons are used for driving the pump pistons to pressurize the working fluid when self-sustained operation of the engine-pump unit is desired. However, the flow of working fluid to the pumping chambers can be reversed during startup of the engine so that the high pressure fluid is used for driving the free piston assembly until same is reciprocated at a rate rapidly enough to permit self-sustained reciprocation thereof.

Abstract: A generating plant is driven by a gas turbine, which is run with combustion gases from gas coming from a carbon pressure reactor and which obtains the combustion air necessary for its operation from a primary compressor driven by the gas turbine by means of a final compressor connected at the outlet side of the primary compressor. The final compressor is driven by an expansion turbine connected between the pressure reactor and the combustion chamber acting to produce the combustion gases. During starting up of such a plant the pressure reactor is operated with extraneous air which is primarily compressed by a starting compressor and further compressed by the final compressor which is powered by a pony motor, the expansion turbine being disconnected until it reaches operating speed.

Abstract: This application pertains to reciprocating piston engines supplied hot pressure fluid medium by combustion products pressure generators and controls thereof.This invention pertains to a new improved electro magnetic operated automatic, reversible cut off system for the pressure fluid medium admission valves to the power cylinders of reciprocating piston engines. To control the power and speed thereof. Controlled by speed governor or manual means.This invention pertains to a new improved electro magnetic operated automatic cut off system for the pressure fluid medium admission valves to the high pressure power cylinders of a reciprocating piston engine. Used as a pressure reducing means controlled by the pressure on the exhaust to the low pressure cylinders. This means is especially suitable where the pressure of the fluid medium varies widely.A combination of the two above described cut off control systems used together on a multi cylinder reciprocating piston engine.

Abstract: In a vehicle wherein power is applied to each track or wheel through a hydrostatic transmission and control system including: a displacement control unit for regulating each transmission; a steering control valve associated with each displacement control unit for modifying the operation of the displacement control unit; and a speed and direction control unit for applying hydraulic pressure to each of the displacement control units for controlling the basic direction and speed of the vehicle; wherein the maintenance of the desired direction of operation of the vehicle is enhanced by an electronic tracking control circuit that includes: means for measuring the actual speed of each track; a phase comparator for providing a signal indicating the difference in track speeds; an integrator for providing a signal proportional to the difference in speed as measured over time; and comparator circuits responsive to the integrator for triggering a solenoid control valve connected between the appropriate steering control

Abstract: Apparatus for reducing the pressure loss imposed upon the working medium gases flowing through an exhaust case of a turbine machine is disclosed. Various construction details which reduce the cross flow of secondary air from the pressure side of one case strut to the opposing side of the adjacent strut are developed. The loss reduction system is built around vortex generators which energize the flow boundary layer at the inner wall of the flow path for the working medium gases.

Abstract: Apparatus for suppressing infrared radiation emitted from hot metal parts at the aft end of a gas turbine engine and from the exhaust gas plume thereof is provided and such apparatus employs components which utilize an ejector principle to provide cooling action utilizing ambient air and such components may be provided with means for adjustment thereof to vary the amount of cooling ambient air.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of suppressing infrared radiation emitted from hot metal parts at the aft end of a gas turbine engine and from the exhaust gas plume thereof is provided and such apparatus comprises a dual purpose ejector vane assembly operatively attached to the engine for introducing cooling ambient air into the hot engine exhaust gases and hiding the hot metal parts. The vane assembly has a duct structure for receiving and confining the engine exhaust gases and the assembly provides at least one stream of cooling ambient air across one full dimension of the duct structure and exhaust gases confined thereby with the stream of cooling ambient air mixing with the hot engine exhaust gases across the full dimension of the duct structure to assure optimum mixing thereof.

Abstract: A speed controller for a rotary pump and motor hydraulic power transmission comprises a pair of pulse generators, one driven at a reference speed and the other proportionally to motor speed. An algebraic summing circuit connects the two pulse generators to the displacement regulator of the hydraulic pump. Error signals produced by the changes in phase of the pulse generators adjust the pump displacement to maintain the motor speed in step with the reference speed.

Abstract: A heat engine producing a hot gas is cooled by a fluid which in turn is cooled by the convective updraft of air in a cooling tower. The convective updraft is increased by adding a portion of the hot gas to the air in the cooling tower downstream of the heat exchange between the air and the cooling fluid. The heat engine may be an internal combustion engine of the gas turbine or piston type or a compressor or the like, and the hot gas may be product or exhaust.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for cracking methanol, for utilizing the cracked-methanol to operate a minimum-pollution fuel-combusting device. The heat of combustion gases which is brought into the presence of a catalyst is employed to crack the methanol into hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas. The hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas thereupon serve as the primary fuel source for the fuel-combusting device and these gases, or hydrogen alone, are further utilized to create a reduction atmosphere so as to render the heated combustion gases inert and pollution-free to discharge into the ambient atmosphere.

Abstract: Successful flight of high altitude military aircraft is dependant, in part, pon the ability of the aircraft to remain undetected during flight. However, the hot gas plume is a prime source of infrared radiation, and highly sophisticated infrared sensors have been developed in recent years. A particularly effective infrared radiation suppressor is the plug-type exhaust system. This invention increases heat exchange relationships in the plug-type infrared radiation suppressor without significantly penalizing engine power during suppressor operation.

Abstract: A heat engine provides work output from a first working fluid operating in essentially a Brayton-type thermodynamic cycle and from a second working fluid operating essentially in a Rankine-type thermodynamic cycle, the two working fluids interacting with each other so that the work output of the two working fluids, working in parallel during the conversion of heat energy to work, is compounded.

Abstract: A system for purifying heated exhaust gases discharged from an internal combustion engine, a furnace, or the like. The system includes a novel rotating finned tube heat exchanger of generally cylindrical configuration. The exchanger has a plurality of longitudinally extending conduits which direct the exhaust gases back and forth between opposite end chambers of the heat exchanger. The gases are additionally passed, as required depending upon the type of pollutants they contain, through a series of purification devices which may include a novel afterburner to rid the gases of entrained unburned fuel, one or more water bath devices to cleanse the gases, and a separator to removed unburned compounds.

Abstract: A wet cooling tower has an encircling exhaust header in communication with the exhaust of a plurality of gas turbines and a plurality of upwardly inclined conduits, which direct the hot exhaust gas tangentially into the cooling tower to increase the temperature and velocity of the moisture laden air flowing therethrough to lift the effluent air into the upper atmosphere and eliminate the plume under many weather conditions.

Abstract: An energy system consists of a gas turbine engine having a power turbine which is arranged to drive a load, the exhaust from the power turbine passes to a further turbine which is arranged to drive a compressor, the exhaust from the further turbine passes to atmosphere via the compressor and a combined cooler and scrubber in which water is heated and sulphur is removed from the hot exhaust gas. The combined cooler and scrubber consists of a bed of flints through which the hot exhaust gas flows and a condenser arranged to receive a supply of relatively cool water, the resulting hot water being stored in a hot water store. The bed of flints also receives a supply of water to which calcium carbonate and manganese sulphate has been added so that sulphur in the form of calcium sulphate is removed from the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A propulsion system useful, for example, for automobiles, comprising an air compressor, a rotary engine, and a multiple stage turbine mounted upon a common shaft, and an infuser section comprising a plurality of nozzles for injecting air into the exhaust gases from the turbine to reduce the temperature and consequently the pressure of the exhaust gases prior to passage into an exhaust pipe.

Abstract: A hoist system employing a hydraulic motor, a variable displacement reversible flow hydraulic pump for supplying hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic motor, and an electric motor employed as a prime mover for the pump has a control arrangement effective for sensing various indicia of operation as, for example, rate of speed of lifting of an associated load, failure of the hoist system power train and the lifting of maximum loads. Within the overall control arrangement means are provided for comparing the actual rate of speed of lifting to the desired or requested rate of speed of lifting with the differential thereof being directed back to the associated mechanism for varying the output displacement of said hydraulic pump for thereby modifying such output displacement in order to achieve zero differential output. Means are also provided for automatically braking the hoist drum in order to prevent the load carried thereby from dropping in the event of a failure of the said power train.

Abstract: A device for shielding a heated surface from infrared detection through an exhaust opening adjacent the heated surface which comprises an exhaust gas conducting member adapted to receive heated exhaust gases from the exhaust opening with the member having a configuration which blocks the exhaust opening from line-of-sight view through the outlet to the member. The exhaust gas conducting member includes apparatus to inhibit heat transfer across its interior surface while promoting heat transfer through the wall of the member. Additionally there is provided a diffusion device for breaking up a main stream of heated exhaust gas into a plurality of smaller streams to reduce infrared radiation from the exhaust gas which includes a body adapted to receive heated exhaust gas with insulation apparatus to maintain the exterior surface of the body at a relatively low temperature. A plurality of openings in the body provide discharge of smaller streams of exhaust gas.