Abstract: A system includes an image guidance system with a memory with computer executable instruction, a processor configured to execute the computer executable instructions, and a display. The computer executable instructions cause the processor to: receive a three-dimensional model of vasculature from an ultrasound imaging system, receive a real-time optical feed of an interior of a cavity from an optical camera-based guidance system, receive a first tracking signal indicative of a first spatial location of a probe of the ultrasound imaging system, receive a second spatial location of the optical camera-based guidance system, and overlay the optical feed with the three-dimensional model based on the first and second tracking signals. The display is configured to visually present the optical feed with the three-dimensional model overlaid thereover.

Abstract: Endoscope cover with cavity that accommodates a hand piece of an endoscope and a hollow cannula extending distally from the cavity that accommodates a probe of the endoscope when the hand piece is inserted into the cavity of the cover. A reusable endoscope with a hand piece and a probe is provided with a retractable shield covering at least a portion of the probe. A system includes a cover with a cavity and a hollow cannula extending distally from the cavity, a reusable endoscope with a hand piece and a probe extending distally from the hand piece, and a retractable shield covering at least a portion of the probe, where the cannula is configured to accommodate therein the probe when the hand piece is inserted into the cavity of the cover.

Abstract: A tip section of a multi-camera endoscope includes a front-pointing camera on a planar surface of a distal end of the tip section and two side-pointing cameras positioned on a cylindrical surface in proximity to the planar surface such that the side field of view provided by the two side-pointing cameras partially overlaps with the front field of view provided by the front-pointing camera. The tip section further includes a working channel configured for insertion of a surgical tool; and a pathway fluid injector for inflating and/or cleaning a body cavity into which the endoscope is inserted.

Abstract: Technology described herein can be embodied in a method of providing visual feedback during surgery. The method includes obtaining a set of vectors representing a model of an anatomical organ, the set produced from a representation of the organ as imaged under one or more imaging modalities. The method includes obtaining a set of pixel positions of a display device, wherein the pixel positions correspond to a view of the organ. The method further includes generating, using at least a portion of the set of vectors, multiple fragment-vectors for each pixel position in the set of pixel positions, the multiple fragment-vectors each representing a corresponding portion of the organ along a line-of-sight through the organ, and generating a pixel value for each pixel position in the set of pixel positions, and presenting, on the display device, an augmented image of the view of the organ using the generated pixel values.

Abstract: Laser video endoscope has laser guide, illumination guide and image guide which extend through optical probe and through hand piece that supports the probe. Hand piece is connected by optical fiber cable to laser energy source and illumination source. Image is transmitted from hand piece to image processing interface by camera assembly optically coupled and mounted directly to hand piece and via electrical cable extending from camera assembly. Camera and its electrical cable can be uncoupled from hand piece and reused. The rest of the product, including probe and hand piece, can be disposed of after each medical routine. Probe can have proximal portion and distal portion such that proximal portion extends from distal end of hand piece, and outside diameter of proximal portion as measured at least near the distal end of hand piece is greater than the outside diameter of the distal portion.

Abstract: An emitter assembly and waveform sensor assembly for visualizing a target is disclosed. The emitter assembly is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation and includes a first emitter configured to emit at least one of visible light, infrared radiation, or a combination thereof and a second emitter configured to emit structured electromagnetic radiation. The waveform sensor assembly is configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter assembly and obtain three-dimensional images corresponding to the detected electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A spectrometer is provided. In one implementation, for example, a spectrometer comprises an excitation source, a focusing lens, a movable mirror, and an actuator assembly. The focusing lens is adapted to focus an incident beam from the excitation source. The actuator assembly is adapted to control the movable mirror to move a focused incident beam across a surface of the sample.

Abstract: The volume of a hyperinflated lung compartment is reduced by sealing a distal end of the catheter in an airway feeding the lung compartment. Air passes out of the lung compartment through a passage in the catheter while the patient exhales. A one-way flow element associated with the catheter prevents air from re-entering the lung compartment as the patient inhales. Over time, the pressure of regions surrounding the lung compartment cause it to collapse as the volume of air diminishes. Residual volume reduction effectively results in functional lung volume expansion. Optionally, the lung compartment may be sealed in order to permanently prevent air from re-entering the lung compartment. The invention further discloses a catheter with a transparent occlusion element at its tip that enables examination of the lung passageway through a viewing scope.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices, systems and methods for video-guided endoluminal stapling. An exemplary device includes a circular stapler that includes an anvil and a shaft, an endoscope, and one or more connectors or fasteners that hold the endoscope against the shaft of the circular stapler, wherein the anvil includes a first opening in the anvil, wherein the endoscope is positioned through the first opening, wherein the one or more connectors or fasteners allow the endoscope to move longitudinally along the shaft of the circular stapler, and wherein a section of the shaft includes a second opening that allows the endoscope to transition from an external surface of the shaft to an internal cavity of the stapler.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are configurations for fiber optic endoscopes employing fixed distal optics and multicore optical fiber.

Abstract: An endoscope including an insertion tube, a working, channel located within the insertion tube, and a protecting feature disposed within at least a portion, of the working channel The protecting feature may be adapted to protect the working-channel from thermal damage and/or from mechanical damage caused by a medical instrument located in the working channel. The protecting feature may be adapted to determine presence or absence of a medical instrument within the working channel, arid/or a location of the medical instrument within the working channel.

Abstract: A catheter device and method for treating an artery with thrombus, the catheter comprising an inflatable member. A carrier catheter has a proximal end and a distal end adapted to be inserted percutaneously into an artery, the carrier catheter having a tubular body adjacent to a rear end of the inflatable member. An inflating tube passes through the tubular body and having an open front end in fluid communication with the inflatable member to inflate same. An infusion tube is adapted to infuse pharmacologic agents, the infusion tube passing through the tubular body and having an open front end extending beyond the inflatable member. An aspiration tube is adapted to aspire the thrombus, the aspiration tube passing through the tubular body and having an open front end between the carrier catheter and the inflatable member.

Abstract: An imaging probe comprises a camera or endoscope with an external detector array, in which the probe is sized and shaped for surgical placement in an eye to image the eye from an interior of the eye during treatment. The imaging probe and a treatment probe can be coupled together with a fastener or contained within a housing. The imaging probe and the treatment probe can be sized and shaped to enter the eye through an incision in the cornea and image one or more of the ciliary body band or the scleral spur. The treatment probe may comprise a treatment optical fiber or a surgical placement device to deliver an implant. A processor coupled to the detector can be configured with instructions to identify a location of one or more of the ciliary body band, the scleral spur, Schwalbe's line, or Schlemm's canal from the image.

Abstract: A medical overtube device has a main body formed by articulating a plurality of nested units into a first group of nested units and a second group of nested units and is bendable in a longitudinal direction thereof; a first shape-fixation mechanism configured to fix a shape of the first group which has a first wire, both end of the first wire coupled to the first group of nested units and a first pulley configured to be wound by the first wire; and a second shape-fixation mechanism configured to fix a shape of the second group which has a second wire, both end of the second wire coupled to the second group of nested units; and a second pulley configured to be wound by the second wire, wherein the first shape-fixation mechanism is configured to release the fixed shape of the first group independently from the second shape-fixation mechanism.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an objective optical unit; an illumination optical system including an illumination lens; and a distal end portion body included in a distal end portion, and the objective lens barrel includes a first lens barrel and a second lens barrel, the first lens barrel includes a disposition hole, an inward projection portion and an outward projection portion, the second lens barrel includes a reception hole, a light input surface and a first distal end face are arranged in a same plane by a beveled surface of a beveled portion being in surface contact with a lens positioning surface of the inward projection portion, and the first distal end face and a second distal end face are arranged in a same plane by a first barrel positioning surface being in surface contact with an objective optical unit positioning surface.

Abstract: An imaging probe comprises a camera or endoscope with an external detector array, in which the probe is sized and shaped for surgical placement in an eye to image the eye from an interior of the eye during treatment. The imaging probe and a treatment probe 500 can be coupled together with a fastener or contained within a housing. The imaging probe and the treatment probe 500 can be sized and shaped to enter the eye through an incision in the cornea and image one or more of the ciliary body band or the scleral spur. The treatment probe 500 may comprise a treatment optical fiber or a surgical placement device to deliver an implant. A processor coupled to the detector can be configured with instructions to identify a location of one or more of the ciliary body band, the scleral spur, Schwalbe's line, or Schlemm's canal from the image.

Abstract: A medical device may include a sheath extending from a proximal end to a distal end. The medical device may further include a light source coupled to the sheath. The light source may have a first state in which light is not emitted distally of sheath and a second state where the light source emits a visual pattern distally of the distal end of the sheath. The visual pattern may represent a cross-sectional dimension of a structural feature of the sheath.

Abstract: In some embodiments, endoscopy systems and/or methods of using endoscopy systems are described. In some embodiments, an endoscopy system comprises a shaft having an image sensor within a distal tip of the shaft. The shaft can have an expandable cuff disposed on an outer surface of the shaft. The expandable cuff can be moved from a contracted configuration to a deployed configuration. In the deployed configuration, an outer surface of the expandable cuff can inhibit, reduce, or prevent fluid (e.g., blood) flow in the vessel. Inhibiting or preventing the fluid flow can permit direct visualization of the interior of the vessel by the image sensor without interference from the fluid.

Abstract: Provided are an endoscope and a hardness adjustment device configured so that an arrangement space of built-in components in an operation portion can be ensured and that burden on a coil spring and a wire can be reduced. In an operation portion, a retained portion of a coil spring unit is retained at a first radial position by a coil spring holder as a first retainer, and a base end portion of a wire unit is retained at a second radial position by a wire holder as a second retainer. A base end portion of the coil spring unit is retained at a third radial position by a coil spring contact portion as a third retainer.

Abstract: An apparatus for fragmenting a stone includes an endoscope, a laser fiber, a sheath and a detection feedback system. The endoscope includes a working channel. The working channel is configured to have a retrieval basket inserted therethrough. The sheath may include a first lumen and a second lumen. A first one of the lumen is connected to the endoscope with a shaft of the endoscope extending through the first lumen. A second one of the lumen is spaced from the shaft of the endoscope providing a channel proximate an exterior side of the shaft. The second lumen has the laser fiber inserted therethrough. The detection feedback system is configured to deliver a low energy check pulse from the laser fiber and detect a response, and configured to at least partially control delivery of a high energy laser pulse from the laser fiber to cause the stone to fragment.

Abstract: A device having an optical element with a conductive coating. The device may include an optical element, a conductive material and at least one connector. The conductive material is disposed on at least a portion of the optical element. The optical element, for example, may be an object lens of an endoscope or an optical coupler. The connectors (acting as terminal(s)) are capable of providing energy (such as electrical energy) to the conductive material. In one aspect, the conductive material is an optically transparent material. Advantageously, the device may allow visualization of an object—such as body tissue or other matter—concurrent with the application of energy to the object via the conductive coating. This allows the user to observe the alteration of tissue and other matter in real time as the energy is delivered.

Abstract: Methods and systems for separating an object, such as a lead, from formed tissue are provided. Specifically, a tissue slitting device is configured to engage patient formed tissue at a slitting engagement point. While the object is subjected to a first traction force, the tissue slitting device is caused to move further into the engaged tissue and slit the tissue past the point of engagement. The slitting device causes the tissue to separate along an axial direction of the length of the formed tissue and releases at least some of the force containing the object. The methods and systems are well suited for use in cardiac pacing or defibrillator lead explant procedures.

Abstract: A catheter device for renal denervation ablation includes a flexible catheter shaft having an electrically insulating expandable member in its distal portion with at least one electrode located proximal to the member, at least one electrode located distal to the member, and with openings in the distal shaft with at least one opening proximal to the proximal electrode and one opening distal to the distal electrode of said electrode pair, said openings connected through an inner lumen in the catheter that provides a path for blood to flow through the expandable member. In one embodiment, the device comprises a flexible catheter shaft with a multiplicity of recessed paired electrodes disposed in recessed spaces in its distal portion, such that an electrically conducting portion of each electrode is exposed to the exterior of the catheter within a recessed space, and with an electrical insulator separating the electrodes of each pair.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods for thermal therapy, especially to detection-guided, -controlled, and temperature-modulated interstitial thermal therapy. Thermal therapy may be used to treat the tissues of a patient. In the case of interstitial thermal therapy, energy is applied to generate heating of the tissue to affect treatment, such as, for example, thermally inducing tissue damage (e.g. thermally-induced tissue necrosis), which may be useful in treating tumors and/or other diseased tissues. Since targets for thermal therapy are internal to the patient, the use of detection guidance may be useful in locating and monitoring treatment of a target tissue.

Abstract: An active tracking system includes an imager configured to image the temperature of a biological tissue and a heating laser configured to heat regions of the biological tissue. The imager locates high-temperature regions of the biological tissue and the heating laser is controlled to point toward target regions of the biological tissue based on the located high-temperature regions. The active tracking system can be used to control a heating laser to continuously heat a target region of a biological tissue even when the target region moves relative to the heating laser. The active tracking system could allow one or more target regions of a biological tissue to be ‘tagged’ with heat by the heating laser and to be tracked even when the one or more target regions move relative to the heating laser. Devices and methods for operating such active tracking systems are also provided.

Abstract: In accordance with some configurations, systems and methods for guided removal from an in vivo subject are provided. In some configurations, a method for removing an object is provided. The method comprising, guiding a flexible tube through a passageway of an in vivo subject, wherein the flexible tube comprises at least a first passageway and a second passageway. Positioning a distal end of the first passageway in proximity to the object. Infusing liquid through the second passageway substantially continuously. Removing the object through the first passageway with at least a portion of the liquid while suction is not being provided.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a visualization device for a robotic surgery apparatus can include a housing configured to be removably attached to a mounting interface of the apparatus and be positioned adjacent an insertion device of the apparatus. The housing can include first and second openings positioned on an exterior of the housing. The housing can include a substantially flexible camera tube with a first end attached to the housing and a second end including at least one camera. The second end can be inserted through the first opening in the housing, pass through interior of the housing, and exit the housing through the second opening in the housing. The second end can extend away from the housing toward a region of interest outside the housing or retract away from the region of interest and back toward the housing. The camera tube can form a loop around a portion of the housing.

Abstract: An inflated implant, such as an attenuation device, previously implanted in a urinary bladder can later be removed according to a number of different methods. Preferably, removal is accomplished transurethrally. In one embodiment, removal is accomplished by reducing the inflated implant from an enlarged profile to a reduced profile so that it may be withdrawn transurethrally by a removal system. The removal system can be configured differently depending upon whether reduction from the enlarged profile to the reduced profile is accomplished by deflation, compression, and/or other ways.

Abstract: An imaging device includes (a) a light source device arranged to illuminate a sample under investigation with illumination light, (b) a detector device arranged to collect a plurality of images including at least one sample light image backscattered by the sample, and at least one marker light image originating from at least one marker substance in the sample, and (c) a processor device adapted to process the at least one sample light image.

Abstract: The volume of a hyperinflated lung compartment is reduced by sealing a distal end of the catheter in an airway feeding the lung compartment. Air passes out of the lung compartment through a passage in the catheter while the patient exhales. A one-way flow element associated with the catheter prevents air from re-entering the lung compartment as the patient inhales. Over time, the pressure of regions surrounding the lung compartment cause it to collapse as the volume of air diminishes. Residual volume reduction effectively results in functional lung volume expansion. Optionally, the lung compartment may be sealed in order to permanently prevent air from re-entering the lung compartment. The invention further discloses a catheter with a transparent occlusion element at its tip that enables examination of the lung passageway through a viewing scope.

Abstract: A laser video endoscope has a laser guide, an illumination guide and an image guide. These are fiber optical guides which extend through the optical probe and through a hand piece that supports the probe. The hand piece is connected by a first relatively long flexible optical fiber cable to a laser energy source and a source of illumination. By contrast, the image is transmitted from the hand piece to an image presentation site by a camera assembly that is mounted to the hand piece and a relatively long electrical cable. The camera and its electrical cable can be uncoupled from the hand piece and used in a plurality of endoscopic routines. The rest of the product, including the probe and the hand piece, can be disposed of after each medical routine thereby providing assurance of an antiseptic procedure.

Abstract: A fluorescent image acquisition system includes a light emitting device which emits excitation light during ON period and stop the emission of the excitation light during OFF period, an imaging device which outputs ON image data and OFF image data, an input device which sets a coefficient, an image processing unit which creates fluorescent image data and background image data, and an identification unit which identifies fluorescent pixels and non-fluorescent pixels. In order to create a superimposed image, the image processing unit calculates values obtained by summing pixel values of fluorescent pixels of the fluorescent image data and pixel values of fluorescent pixels of the background image data at a ratio of 1:1, as pixel values of the fluorescent pixels and calculates values obtained by multiplying at least pixel values of the non-fluorescent pixels of the background image by the coefficient, as pixel values of the non-fluorescent pixels.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to concentrate energy delivery in non-superficial target tissue within a trigone region of a human bladder wall to modulate bladder function.

Abstract: An optical unit includes: a cylindrical member whose thickness varies in a circumferential direction; a transparent member disposed at one end, in an axial direction, of the cylindrical member; and a joining member which joins the transparent member to the cylindrical member and thereby seals the cylindrical member at the one end in the axial direction, and a portion, joining a side surface of the transparent member to an inner circumferential surface of the cylindrical member, of the joining member is thicker at a position where the cylindrical member is thick than at a position where the cylindrical member is thin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laryngoscope having one-on-one Wi-Fi connecting system including a signal transmitter, a camera module, and a signal receiver, which is characterized to apply Wi-Fi direct transmission to transmit the image from the laryngoscope one-on-one to a display with security and stability effect that can prevent from any interference. Moreover, the invention also provides a bendable inspecting tube connected with the camera module, which can be bent to a desired shape easily for inspecting different sides of the patient that facilitates the diagnosis for doctors. It obtains the design effect of the invention.

Abstract: An optical radiation delivery structure including a waveguide conduit having a surgical access portion and a handle portion. The handle portion includes a gripping portion and a waveguide lock, which is configured to have only a locked state and an unlocked state. In some embodiments, the handle portion includes a gripping portion and a counterbalance region, such that a center of mass of the waveguide conduit is disposed towards a proximal end of the waveguide conduit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a stone fragment suction device. An apparatus includes a steerable access sheath having a proximal end and a distal end, a tip at the distal end, and a suction conduit positioned within a central lumen of the steerable access sheath from the distal end to the proximal end, the steerable access sheath containing an outer lumen surrounding the central lumen with one or more channels therethrough, an outer circumference of the outer lumen and an outer circumference of the central lumen forming concentric circles, the steerable access sheath further including a radiopaque material at the distal end or along a length of the steerable access sheath to enable tracking with a remote fluoroscopic device.

Abstract: Laser energy delivery devices and methods are provided. A laser energy delivery device for providing treatment to a subject may include a coupling adapted to couple to a laser energy generator. A sheath is coupled to the coupling, the sheath including a distal end adapted to be disposed in the subject. A plurality of transport members are carried by the coupling and the sheath, the plurality of transport members being adapted to receive laser energy at the coupling, transmit laser energy through the sheath, and deliver laser energy to the subject. A sensor is adapted to detect transmission of laser energy through at least one of the plurality of transport members.

Abstract: A steerable laser probe may include an actuation structure, a nosecone fixed to the actuation structure by one or more links and one or more link pins, a flexible housing tube, and an optic fiber disposed in the flexible housing tube and the actuation structure. A compression of the actuation structure may be configured to gradually curve the flexible housing tube and the optic fiber. A decompression of the actuation structure may be configured to gradually straighten the flexible housing tube and the optic fiber.

Abstract: A neural analysis system, including: a neural event extractor for generating Sp/Ap curve data and field potential data for background and initial response segments obtained from a person; a correlator for correlating the Sp/Ap curve data and field potential data with pathology data for a condition, and generating biomarker data points for axes of a biomarker display; and a display module for providing display data to generate the display with the points for use in assessing the person relative to the condition.

Abstract: Systems and methods for aligning directionally operable medical devices with and upon target tissue. Systems and methods for aligning medical devices such as directional ablation catheters to and upon target tissue by monitoring irrigant backpressure. The current disclosure provides solutions to the problem of rotationally or angularly aligning a directional medical device toward tissue.

Abstract: An object is to provide a laser treatment tool capable of guiding a plurality of fluids, a laser transmission path insertable into such a laser treatment tool, and an external tube for forming the laser transmission path. In an external tube 80 which forms a laser transmission path 70 together with a lengthy hollow waveguide path 90 for guiding treatment laser light 57a and has an inner insertion space 81 for allowing insertion of the hollow waveguide path 90, a plurality of sub passages 84 and cooling water passages 85 are provided outside the hollow waveguide path 90, inserted into the insertion space 81, along a longitudinal direction of the insertion space 81.

Abstract: Implementations of the tissue illumination systems, devices, and methods disclosed herein take advantage of the translucent nature of tissue to reveal properties by light transmission, for example, tissue type, tissue transition locations, underlying structures, and the like, that are not easily distinguished by reflected light. Illuminating a back-side of a translucent tissue permits a user to distinguish between different types of tissue, tissue transition locations, and/or structures that are difficult or impossible to discern under overhead or front-side illumination. Implementations include a light source that is positionable behind a tissue or disposable within a body cavity or duct, for example, within a heart ventricle.

Abstract: The device for carrying out underskin radiation treatment consists of a handpiece that allows easy manipulation by physicians, with a part that can be inserted below the skin and a part that can be held and manipulated outside the body. The part inserted below the skin can be vibrated or oscillated by means of suitable transducers to aid in distributing the radiation. Simultaneously or immediately afterwards, liquefied tissue is aspirated. If convenient, fluid irrigation of the area to be treated can be done. In a preferred embodiment, handpiece consists in a hollow cannula incorporating at least one channel for suction and/or irrigation and a light guiding means in its body/wall section for the purpose of the treatment and liquefaction of adipose tissue. The device further comprises at least one radiation source, included in device part affixed to the handpiece either in a permanent or detachable manner.

Abstract: An endoscope includes an image pickup unit and a treatment instrument channel. The image pickup unit and the treatment instrument channel are adjacent to each other. The image pickup unit includes an objective lens and an image pickup device. In a pixel formation region of the image pickup unit, a segmentation region is set as a region read out as a region for displaying a video. A center of the segmentation region is disposed to be shifted from a center of the pixel formation region toward the treatment instrument channel. An optical axis of the objective lens is parallel to a center axis of the treatment instrument channel. The center of the segmentation region is located on the optical axis.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates systems, methods, and devices for treating an eye of a patient. In some embodiments, a system may be provided that includes a console for generating a treatment laser and an illumination light. The system may further include a treatment probe for delivering the illumination light to an eye so as to illuminate the ciliary process of the eye. With the illuminated ciliary process, the treatment probe may be aligned to deliver the treatment laser from the console to the ciliary process of the eye for the purpose of treating a patient for glaucoma. In some embodiments, a treatment probe may be provided with an illumination fiber for delivering light to specific portions of the eye or at desired angles in order to illuminate the ciliary process. In some embodiments a treatment probe may be configured to cooperate with a removable light pen for eye illumination.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an insertion portion; an illumination portion that emits a plurality of illuminating lights of different hues to each other; an image pickup portion that picks up an optical image formed by an objective optical system in a distal end portion of the insertion portion; a channel that opens in a distal end portion of the insertion portion; a laser probe that is inserted through the channel and has an irradiation portion in a distal end region; a hue range setting portion that sets a hue range of the laser probe in accordance with a hue of an illuminating light; an image analysis portion that detects a hue range portion in a color image obtained from the image pickup portion; and a control portion that permits laser output only in a case where the hue range portion is detected.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for injecting a medium into or underneath the skin with a series of pressure pulses. The device includes a reservoir (1) for the medium, an application unit (10) to inject the medium into or under the skin, a hydraulic high-pressure pump (6) to pump the medium out of the reservoir (1) into the applicator unit (10), and an electronic control unit (11) that is suitable for regulating the applicator unit (10) such that the medium is injected with a series of pressure pulses into or underneath the skin.

Abstract: An endoscope system includes: an endoscope including an insertion portion, an image pickup portion that acquires a plurality of images by time-sequentially picking up optical images of a subject by means of an objective optical system provided in a distal end portion of the insertion portion, and a channel that opens at the distal end portion of the insertion portion; a laser probe that is inserted through the channel; an image analysis portion that detects an area showing the laser probe with respect to each image; and a control portion that permits laser output only in a case where it is determined that the laser probe protrudes from the opening of the channel based on detection results with respect to the area showing the laser probe for a plurality of images that are time-sequentially consecutive.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a hollow anatomical structure can include a light delivery device. The light delivery device comprises an optical fiber that is located in a lumen of a shaft suitable for insertion into the hollow anatomical structure and has a fiber tip located proximal of a distal end of the shaft during treatment of the hollow anatomical structure. The apparatus can further include a liquid source for providing a liquid flow over the optical fiber at a predetermined liquid flow rate.