Abstract: A device for providing treatment is disclosed. The device provides proper skin electrical conductivity while still being minimally invasive by adhering to the patient's skin that also implements safety measures that off-the-shelf electrode options do not have. This device includes a graphite powder-based skin counter electrode that has a graphite powder suspended in an electrolyte gel that allows for electrochemical conduction between the graphite particles in the graphite powder. The gel is spread over a first side of a hydrogel layer. A device housing is mounted on the hydrogel layer over the first side. The device housing contains the electrolyte gel and graphite powder, defines an opening or lead opening as well as an empty expansion chamber for gaseous anodic byproduct. A metallic wire or rod extends from the electrolyte gel and through the housing opening and connects to a potentiostat. The second side of the hydrogel layer is adhered to the skin of the patient.

Abstract: An electrocardiogram sensor (400) is provided, comprising an electrode array (100), comprising a substrate (102) interconnecting three or more spaced apart electrodes (101a-c); and a flexible sheet (200) having a greater areal extent than that of the electrode array (100). The flexible sheet (200) is configured to secure the electrodes (101a-c) to the body of a subject.

Abstract: A bio-electrode, excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried, includes an electro-conductive base material and a living body contact layer formed on the electro-conductive base material. The living body contact layer is a cured material of a bio-electrode composition including (A) an ionic material and (C) a metal powder, wherein the component (A) is a polymer compound containing a repeating unit-a having a structure selected from an ammonium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, and a silver salt of any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and fluorosulfonamide.

Abstract: Electrodes for use in electroencephalographic recording, including consciousness and seizure monitoring applications, have novel features that speed, facilitate or enforce proper placement of the electrodes, including aligning tabs and arrowed aligning juts, color coding, and an insulating bridge between reference and ground electrodes which ensures a safe application distance between the conductive regions of the two electrodes in the event of cardiac defibrillation or to prevent shorting between the adjacent electrodes by preventing the conductive path to be shared. A method of using a set of four such electrodes is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises an EEG electrode assembly for use in attaching an EEG electrode to the scalp of a subject having coarse, curly and/or long hair, or to subjects having their hair in cornrows, braids, and/or dreadlocks. The invention comprises clips for engaging the hair of the subject, the clips being attached to a central portion for holding electrode in contact with the scalp of the subject when the clips are engaged with the hair of the subject.

Abstract: An electrode includes a body and a breakable container of contact-enhancing fluid on or in the body. The container is impermeable to the fluid, and is breakable in response to physical manipulation of the electrode to disperse the fluid into the body.

Abstract: Systems, methods and devices for reducing noise in health monitoring including monitoring systems, methods and/or devices receiving a health signal and/or having at least one electrode or sensor for health monitoring.

Abstract: Example defibrillator electrode assemblies compression assemblies are described that may be dimensioned and configured for use on a patient despite physical constraints that limit the area or locations on a patient onto which an electrode assembly may be placed. A cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) assembly is also described that protects a patient with a transthoracic incision from further injury during application of CPR compressions proximate to the incision.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a bioelectrode capable of reducing potential variation noise due to a polarization voltage. The method for producing the bioelectrode comprises forming an electrically conductive rubber body containing a silicone rubber and a silver powder, and immersing the electrically conductive rubber body in an inorganic salt-containing solution at 70° C. or more and 180° C. or less.

Abstract: Embodiments are disclosed for a method for restoring a wearable biological sensor. The method includes determining that a wearable biological marker sensor comprising a reference electrode is placed within a restoration apparatus. The restoration apparatus includes a correct reference electrode, a counter electrode, and a chloride solution. The reference electrode is in electrical contact with the correct reference electrode and the counter electrode through the chloride solution. The method additionally includes determining whether the reference electrode is degraded based on a voltage differential between the reference electrode and the correct reference electrode. The method also includes restoring the reference electrode, if the reference electrode is degraded, by applying a voltage to a circuit. The circuit includes the reference electrode and the counter electrode. Further, multiple chloride ions of the chloride solution bond with a plurality of silver atoms of the reference electrode.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a sensor housing defining a channel extending along a channel axis through the housing from a first side of the sensor housing to a second side of the sensor housing opposite the first side, at least one contact electrode extending from the first side of the housing, an electrically-conducting lead attached to the housing in electrical communication with the at least one contact electrode, and a locking mechanism located in the channel permitting one-way axial motion of a thread threaded through the channel from the first side to the second side.

Abstract: An electrode patch is disclosed. The electrode patch includes a substrate of which one surface has an adhesive force and extending in a first direction, a conductive first electrode disposed on one side of the substrate, and a conductive second electrode disposed on another side of the substrate and configured to be electrically separated from the first electrode. The first electrode includes a cut surface extending from a first contact portion contacting a first clamp to an inside of the first electrode, and the second electrode includes a cut surface extending from a second contact portion contacting a second clamp to an inside of the second electrode.

Abstract: A flexible sheet for neurostimulation has a flexible non-conductive substrate matrix in which electrodes are embedded along a lower surface. Electrically conductive wires extend from the electrodes through the flexible substrate to another exterior surface of the substrate. Methods of making the flexible sheet and making a device using the flexible sheet are also disclosed.

Abstract: A system and associated methods for round-the-clock monitoring of an animal's health status includes an animal harness that is worn by the animal, and one or both of a mobile device and a remote server. The animal harness includes a plurality of sensors for collecting health measurements of the animal. The animal harness also includes a transceiver that communicates the heath measurements to one or both of the mobile device and the remote server, where a user may view the health measurements. Firmware in the animal harness, an application running in the mobile device, and software in the remote server processes and corrects the health measurements to generate a health status of the animal and notifications are generated when the animal's health is not within a safe range defined by the user.

Abstract: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation devices and magnetic stimulation devices are disclosed, along with methods of treating medical disorders using energy that is delivered noninvasively by such devices. The disorders comprise migraine and other primary headaches such as cluster headaches, including nasal or paranasal sinus symptoms that resemble an immune-mediated response (“sinus” headaches). The devices and methods may also be used to treat rhinitis, sinusitis, or rhinosinusitis, irrespective of whether those disorders are co-morbid with a headache. They may also be used to treat other disorders that may be co-morbid with migraine or cluster headaches, such as anxiety disorders. In preferred embodiments of the disclosed methods, one or both of the patient's vagus nerves are stimulated non-invasively. In other embodiments, parts of the sympathetic nervous system and/or the adrenal glands are stimulated.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments include systems and methods to perform in-situ analysis of reservoir fluids. In some embodiments, the system includes a first vial containing a first insulating cylinder having a first internal cavity for storing electrolytes, a capillary tube, and a first sealable end having a first seal that prevents the electrolytes that are stored in the first internal cavity from flowing through the first sealable end while the first seal remains intact. The system also includes a second vial containing a second insulating cylinder having a second internal cavity for receiving the electrolytes that are stored in the first insulating cylinder, and a second sealable end having a second seal. The system further includes a tube positioned between the first vial and the second vial, where the tube provides at least one fluid flow path between the first vial and the second vial.

Abstract: A vital signs monitor includes a subject wearable first cleat having a first sensor opening and a pair of laterally spaced apart first electrodes. The monitor also includes a subject wearable second cleat having a pair of laterally spaced apart second electrodes. An equipment housing is removably attached to or attachable to the first and second cleats. The housing has a first sensor pocket which registers with the first sensor opening. The monitor also includes a first sensor aligned with the first sensor opening and the first sensor pocket.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for use of wearable electrode assemblies. The electrode assemblies improve comfort by providing increased overall surface area of their bottom surfaces, which make contact with the patient's scalp and hair. Collapse, compression, or telescoping of the bottom surface will thereby decrease the direct force and/or pressure applied by the distal member or members of the bottom surfaces to the skin. This may be advantageous in patients who have little to no hair in electrode contact areas, patient populations that are particularly skin-sensitive, and/or patients which must wear the electrode assemblies of an extended time period. The electrode assemblies further include structures to dispense and/or maintain conductive gel placed over the patient's skin, thereby maintaining electrical connection quality, and/or to facilitate the clearing of skin and/or hair prior to establishing an electrical connection.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cardiac monitoring device and systems/methods relating to same. Preferred embodiments may include adhesive layers having channels for transpiring moisture to promote long term adhesion of the device to a subject. The adhesive layer may be surrounded by a non-adhesive lining to inhibit substrate layers from folding under the adhesive. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer may be replaceable. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer may extend beneath a substrate coupled to a housing but not be adhered to the overlying substrate layers. The angles of the edges of the adhesive layer may be configured to minimize peeling forces. Substrate layers above the adhesive layer may be perforated to promote transpiration of moisture and/or provide conformability to the substrate. The perforations may promote anisotropic resistance to compression and/or extension of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are a flexible substrate and a method for manufacturing the same, and a flexible electronic device. The flexible substrate includes: a flexible base; a plurality of electronic components disposed on the flexible base, a first gap being formed between each two adjacent electronic components of the plurality of electronic components; and a plurality of metal lines, wherein at least one end of each of the metal lines is connected to the corresponding electronic component, at least a portion of the plurality of metal lines are disposed in the first gap, and a length of each metal line disposed in the first gap is greater than a width of the first gap in an extension direction of the metal line; wherein a first filling layer is disposed in the first gap to wrap the metal line disposed in the first gap.

Abstract: A device for electrical stimulation of a user is disclosed. The device includes an electrode for applying an electrical stimulation and a gel or liquid dispensing system. The electrode is attached to a first side of a garment such that a surface of the electrode is placed in contact with a portion of a user's skin when the garment is worn by the user. The gel or liquid dispensing system is attached to the garment and configured to be actuatable to dispense a gel or liquid onto the surface of the electrode, the dispensing system having a reservoir configured to hold the gel or liquid and a fluid passageway extending from the reservoir to the surface of the electrode. The electrode may be a carbon or carbon equivalent electrode.

Abstract: A probe for use in performing impedance measurements on a subject. The probe includes a housing for being held by an operator in use, a contact surface for contacting the subject and a connector for connecting the contact surface to a measuring device.

Abstract: Improved skin-adhesive compositions for bonding a substrate, such as an absorbent article, to skin are disclosed. More particularly, the skin-adhesive composition has an improved, yet gentle, adhesion to the skin of a user, while maintaining strong, effective bonding to various inanimate, non-skin substrates. In one embodiment, the skin-adhesive composition can provide one or more skin benefit agents to the user. The skin-adhesive composition may be applied to an absorbent article, such as a panty-liner, sanitary napkin, or an incontinence article, for directly adhering the article to the skin of a user.

Abstract: An electrode carrier system includes one or more electrode assemblies having an electrode body. One or more tubular members extend from the electrode body and define a lumen terminating in a distal opening. The electrode assemblies carry a reservoir containing a conductive fluid or gel. The reservoir is in fluid communication with the lumens in the tubular members, and the electrode assemblies are typically supported on a backing which may optionally be configured as a headband. Systems are for tracking patient movement may be used in combination with the electrode carrier system.

Abstract: Systems and methods of electrical stimulation for intra and extra vascular treatment of a subject are provided. The device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a controller. The controller is configured to apply an electrical current between the first and second electrodes. The electrical current follows a path between the first and second electrodes and through a portion of the subject that includes a blockage.

Abstract: A radiographic imaging detector has photoimaging pixels disposed in an array, control electronics for controlling operation of the array to capture radiographic images, and a voltage source for powering the array of photoimaging pixels and the control electronics. A housing with multiple parts encloses at least the array and the control electronics and provides a seating for the voltage source. A first part has a first mating surface, a second part has a second mating surface. The first and second mating surfaces are disposed adjacent to each other and define a gap therebetween with a hydrophobic material deposited along at least one of the first and second mating surfaces.

Abstract: A system for electrically stimulating and/or detecting bioelectrical signals of a user comprising: an array of permeable bodies configured to absorb a solution that facilitates electrical coupling with a body region of the user; a housing defining an array of protrusions conforming to the body region and comprising: an array of channels distributed across the array of protrusions, each channel at least partially surrounding a permeable body, configured to deliver the solution to the permeable body, and comprising a barrier that prevents passage of the permeable body past the barrier, and a manifold configured to distribute the solution to the array of channels; and a coupling subsystem comprising a first electrical coupling region in electrical communication with an interior of the manifold, wherein the first electrical coupling region is configured to couple to a second electrical coupling region that couples the first electrical coupling region to the electronics subsystem.

Abstract: Provided is a bio-signal detection electrode including: an electrode section made of a gel including an electrolytic solution; and a support section configured to support the electrode section with respect to an accessory, the electrode section adhering to the support section.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring biosignals is provided. The sensor comprises at least one electrode comprising: a substrate comprising a flexible non-conductive material; a conductive layer configured to transfer electrical signals; a gel layer configured to transfer electrical signals; and a barrier layer configured to protect the conductive layer and transfer electrical signals, wherein the barrier layer deposited on the substrate, the gel layer is deposited on the barrier layer so that the gel layer covers only a part of the barrier layer, and the conductive layer is deposited over an area of the barrier layer which is outside of an area of the barrier layer on which the gel layer is deposited.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a physiological recording electrode, and, more particularly, to an EEG (electroencephalography) recording electrode that can be used without the need for numerous steps in preparing the subject's skin and the electrode itself. The invention further relates to a surface feature or penetrator with a size and shape which that will not bend or break, which limits the depth of application, and/or anchors the electrode or other device during normal application; and a packaging system comprising a well and electrolytic fluid for maintaining a coating of said electrolytic fluid on the surface feature or penetrator.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques are provided for interfacing a device with a surface. The apparatus and techniques provide gel encapsulation and isolation mechanisms to extend the shelf-life of the preparation devices, allow for the use of more effective materials, and improve the quality of the contact between a device and an application surface. Particular embodiments of these apparatus and techniques suitable for use in medical contexts are also provided.

Abstract: A biopotential electrode for transferring electrical signals with a subject that includes an electrical conductor, a membrane selectively permeable to ionic conduction for presenting a dry surface to the subject, and a conductive medium positioned in communication with a portion of the electrical conductor and a portion of the membrane. The electrical potentials are coupled from the subject across the membrane into the conductive medium and then transferred from the subject to the electrical conductor. In other embodiments, the electrical potentials may be transferred from the external conductor to the subject through the conductive medium across the membrane into the subject. Other embodiments include systems and methods for using the biopotential electrodes.

Abstract: An electroencephalographic headset includes: a supporter that includes expanding and contracting wires each having expansion and contraction properties and is to be attached to a head of a user by expansion and contraction of each of the expanding and contracting wires; and a plurality of electrodes that are provided to the supporter in defined placement.

Abstract: An electrode system include a flowable and cohesive surface contact element comprising a hydrophilic polymer swollen with an electrolyte fluid, the contact element having a Q? ratio of at least 5 as defined by the equation Q ? = W W W G wherein WG is the dry weight of the hydrophilic polymer and WW is weight of water in the sample after absorption of the electrolyte fluid comprising water and an electrolyte salt. The surface contact element can consist essentially of the hydrophilic polymer swollen by the electrolyte fluid. Another electrode system includes a contact element including a crosslinked hydrophilic polymer matrix. The contact element has a Q? ratio of at least 5 as defined by the equation Q ? = W W W G . The contact elements can also have a Q? ratio of at least 6, at least 7, at least 10 or even at least 11.

Abstract: An electrode system include a flowable and cohesive surface contact element comprising a hydrophilic polymer swollen with an electrolyte fluid, the contact element having a Q? ratio of at least 5 as defined by the equation Q ? = W W W G wherein WG is the dry weight of the hydrophilic polymer and WW is weight of water in the sample after absorption of the electrolyte fluid comprising water and an electrolyte salt. The surface contact element can consist essentially of the hydrophilic polymer swollen by the electrolyte fluid. Another electrode system includes a contact element including a crosslinked hydrophilic polymer matrix. The contact element has a Q? ratio of at least 5 as defined by the equation Q ? = W W W G . The contact elements can also have a Q? ratio of at least 6, at least 7, at least 10 or even at least 11.

Abstract: A biological signal detection electrode includes an electrode element and a plurality of drought-resistant electrolytic solution soaking parts. The electrode element is made of a conductive material and has a surface. The plurality of drought-resistant electrolytic solution soaking parts are placed at predetermined intervals on the surface of the electrode element, are formed to have a thickness that allows contact with a scalp without hair being sandwiched between the electrode element and the scalp, and are soaked in a drought-resistant electrolytic solution including a drought-resistant liquid and a conductive liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrodes that possess hydrogels for contacting skin. In embodiments, an electrode of the present disclosure may include a substrate and a conductive composition on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate, the conductive composition including at least one hydrogel and at least one component capable of providing either a cooling or warming sensation upon contact with tissue of a patient. Methods for forming these hydrogels and electrodes are also provided.

Abstract: Conductive compositions for use with medical electrodes are provided. The conductive compositions utilize a surfactant capable of both reducing the surface tension of the conductive composition as well as increasing the viscosity of the conductive composition. Methods of preparing these conductive compositions are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a bio-signal detection electrode including: an electrode section made of a gel including an electrolytic solution; and a support section configured to support the electrode section with respect to an accessory, the electrode section adhering to the support section.

Abstract: A disposable self-powered biomedical sensor comprises a printed wet electrode on a substrate sheet. The wet electrode is provided with an electrolyte element to enhance the electrical contact with a surface to be measured. Moreover, a printed battery encapsulated in a hermetically sealed compartment is provided on the substrate sheet. The disposable self-powered sensor can be stored within an enclosure or a package which provides a proper atmosphere to prevent the drying of the electrolyte and prolong the shelf life of the sensors.

Abstract: An electrode including a non-conductive substrate having a top surface and at least one channel extending therethrough, an electrically conductive trace material positioned adjacent a portion of the top surface of the non-conductive substrate and extending through the channel, and adapted for electrically coupling to a power source, and second and third electrically conductive materials that are inert or more corrosion resistant than the trace material. The second material is positioned adjacent to and entirely covering a top surface of the trace material, and the third material is positioned adjacent to and entirely covering a top surface of the second electrically conductive material, and covers a portion of a top surface of the non-conductive substrate surrounding the second electrically conductive material. The electrode further includes a conductive hydrogel positioned adjacent to a portion of a top surface of the third electrically conductive material, but laterally offset from the trace material.

Abstract: Conductive compositions whose electrical properties do not change significantly due when stored open to the atmosphere, methods for preparing the compositions, and medical electrodes that comprise the compositions are disclosed. The compositions are hydrogels that comprise about 33 wt % to about 68 wt % of a humectant or a mixture of humectants; about 1 wt % to about 8 wt % of an electrolyte or mixture of electrolytes; about 6 wt % to about 20 wt % of water; about 18 wt % to about 45 wt % of a copolymer. The copolymer comprises, in polymerized form, about 80 mol % to about 95 mol % of a first monomer, which is a mixture of acrylic acid and a salt thereof, about 5 mol % to 20 mol % of a second monomer, preferably a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and, optionally a crosslinking agent. The conductive composition has a pH of about 7.0 or less.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for the measurement of electrophysiological signals and including a conductive bridge is provided. In one embodiment, the conductive bridge is provided by an expandable member with an absorbent material attached to one end. An aperture extends through the expandable member, forming a cavity well. Addition of a conductive medium to the cavity well allows the conductive bridge to provide a conductive pathway between an electrode and a patient's skin.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides electrodes that possess components capable of indicating to an end-user when the electrode is in need of replacement.

Abstract: This invention relates to a measuring electrode arrangement (1), in particular for electroimpedance tomography, having at least one measurement object (5) for electric motor contacting of a measurement object (2). It is proposed that a storage space (7) which contains a contact medium (6) for reducing the electric contact resistance between the measuring electrode (5) and the measurement object (2) is located on the side of the measuring electrode (5) facing away from the measurement object (2), said storage space containing a contact medium (6) for reducing the electric contact resistance between the measuring electrode (5) being at least partially permeable for the contact medium (6).

Abstract: An electrode assembly arranged to carry out a bioelectrical interaction with an individual, said electrode assembly comprising a conductive material having a contact surface arranged to be brought into contact with a receiving area of the individual's skin, said conductive material being electrically connectable to a suitable electronic device to enable said interaction, the electrode assembly having an impedance control means arranged to measure and control the impedance of the receiving area of the individual's skin prior to an event of the bioelectrical interaction.

Abstract: A medical electrode for conducting an electrical current to or from the skin of a patient. The electrode comprises a thin, flexible metallic conductor, a layer of electrolyte in electrical contact with the conductor and positioned to be in electrical contact with the skin when the electrode is applied to a patient, and an insulating layer overlying the conductor, wherein a peripheral edge of the metallic conductor is sealed with an insulating material so that the peripheral edge of the conductor is substantially out of electrical contact with the electrolyte. This tends to increase the shelf life of the electrode because the more highly worked (e.g., from being die cut during manufacture), and thus higher energy state, peripheral edge is electrically isolated.

Abstract: Conductive compositions whose electrical properties do not change significantly due when stored open to the atmosphere, methods for preparing the compositions, and medical electrodes that comprise the compositions are disclosed. The compositions are hydrogels that comprise about 33 wt % to about 68 wt % of a humectant or a mixture of humectants; about 1 wt % to about 8 wt % of an electrolyte or mixture of electrolytes; about 6 wt % to about 20 wt % of water; about 18 wt % to about 45 wt% of a copolymer. The copolymer comprises, in polymerized form, about 80 mol % to about 95 mol % of a first monomer, which is a mixture of acrylic acid and a salt thereof, about 5 mol % to 20 mol % of a second monomer. preferably a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and, optionally a crosslinking agent. The conductive composition has a pH of about 7.0 or less.

Abstract: A chadd disposed on a patient's skin generates heat at a substantially constant temperature for an extended period of time (e.g., hours and days) when exposed to air. The chadd becomes porous when heated and produces a porosity in the patient's skin as a result of the heat generation to pass ions through the pores in patient's skin to a layer disposed on the chadd. The layer (e.g., silver or silver chloride) has properties of converting the ions to electrons. The electrons pass to an electrical lead disposed on the layer. The electrical lead passes an electrical signal (produced from the electrons) to a terminal. An amplifier connected to the terminal amplifies the signal without changing the characteristics of the signal and without producing noise.

Abstract: Medical electrodes are provided for use in applications that require long shelf life and/or shelf life at high temperatures. Some electrodes include high temperature adhesives and/or foams and an encapsulated electrolyte.