Abstract: An apparatus and methods to quantify the volume of urine in a human bladder with a limited number of acoustic beams is disclosed. In a first version a plurality of narrow ultrasound beams is transmitted in different directions towards the bladder. Returning echoes are converted to digital form and stored in memory. A volume display on the apparatus allows to define the optimal apposition of the transducer assembly. Signal processing software automatically determines the bladder Depth D and Height H and computes the volume of urine. In a second version, a single wide angle ultrasound beam transducer transmits ultrasounds signals at a fundamental frequency to quantify the urine volume. Return signals originating from a depth beyond the usual position of the posterior wall depth of a filled bladder are analyzed for presence of higher harmonic signals, which in turn are related to the presence or absence of urine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for quantification of a degree of obstruction in a liquid passageway, notably a male urethra. Data related to sonic waves generated by a liquid passing the obstruction may be accessed from a suitable file, or, alternatively may be directly obtained as a result of a measuring step 2. For determining the degree of obstruction of the urethra the measuring step 2 may be performed by arranging at least one sensor, notably a microphone, in the area of the perineum for detecting sonic waves generated by a liquid (urine) passing the obstruction. At the step 5 the power spectrum of the obtained data related to the sonic waves is calculated, after which a suitable feature 6a, 6b, or 6c representative of the power spectrum is selected. Preferable embodiments of the feature comprise a weighted average frequency of the power spectrum, a standard deviation of the power spectrum, or a skewness of the power spectrum, discussed above.

Abstract: The invention comprises a system and method for determining at least one material property of a material sample (such as a bone sample) at at least one point. The system includes a transmitting ultrasonic transducer and a receiving ultrasonic transducer, both transducers being confocal transducers. The transducers are configured to receive the material sample therebetween such that the confocal point of the transducers are located at the at least one point in the material sample. A processor initiates an ultrasonic signal from the transmitting transducers that is transmitted trough the at least one point of the material sample when positioned between the transducers. The ultrasonic signal is received by the receiving transducing and the processor in turn receives a signal reflecting one or more measures of the received ultrasonic signal. The processor determines at least one ultrasonic parameter for the at least one point of the material sample based upon the transmitted and received ultrasonic signals.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for identifying various tissue structure aspects, such as boundaries of arterial walls, within an image, such as an ultrasound image. Various measurements may be made using information with respect to the identified aspects of tissue structure. For example, intima-media thickness measurements may be made. Additionally or alternatively, tissue structure aspects, such as plaque within an artery, may be characterized, such as by determining a density thereof. Various information, such as measurement datums, used in identification of aspects of tissue structure in one image may be stored and applied to subsequent images, such as images of a video sequence.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for detecting a maturing arterio-venous fistula comprising a vein. An exemplary method comprises determining a wall thickness of the fistula and a lumen diameter of the fistula vein using a high frequency ultrasound imaging system. A blood pressure of the subject is determined. A circumferential vessel wall stress is determined from the measured blood pressure, the wall thickness of the fistula and a determined radius of the measured diameter of the fistula. The determined circumferential vessel stress is compared to a predetermined threshold stress to determine if the fistula is mature.

Abstract: A device configured to measure the viscoelastic properties of biological tissues using a processing of ultrasound waves reflected by these tissues when a shear wave runs across them is presented. The device includes means for forming lines of data such that each line comprises data relative to the ultrasound waves reflected from the same shot and means for determining a parameter relative to the displacement between the tissues and a transducer emitting the shots, means for calculating an intrinsic displacement of the medium from a set of lines forming an acquisition, and means for processing the first ultrasound lines, by using the relative parameter, before or during the formation of second ultrasound lines from this same acquisition, in order to determine the intrinsic displacement of the biological tissues from these first lines.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and methodology for imaging objects, more particularly radiologically dense objects. The currently disclosed technology has particular applicability in the medical field as a tool and methodology for investigation of radiologically dense breast tissue of young patients by using microwave energy in concert with an ultrasonic initial investigation of the tissue. The use of an ultrasonic initial investigation operates as an initial evaluation point for the subsequent microwave investigation.

Abstract: The visibility of features in ultrasound images that include at least two types of tissue can be improved by processing the images using a variety of algorithms. In one such algorithm, the ratio of power in a first spatial frequency band to power in a second spatial frequency band is computed for a plurality of samples of a received ultrasound return signal that are associated with a given pixel. In another such algorithm, the ratio of power in a first spatial frequency band to total power is computed. With both algorithms, the computed ratio is then mapped to a gain for the given pixel, the raw intensity of the given pixel is modified in accordance with the gain, and the pixel is displayed with the modified intensity.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus, method and system for determining the coefficient of elasticity of a target by detecting an ultracritical reflection of ultrasound waves directed at the target using an ultrasound transducer at two or more angles simultaneously and calculating the elasticity coefficient of the target.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus includes: a transmitting section for driving an ultrasonic probe sending out an ultrasonic transmitted wave toward a body tissue of an organism; a receiving section for receiving an ultrasonic reflected wave, produced by getting the transmitted wave reflected by the body tissue, through the probe; a phase detecting section for detecting the phase of the reflected wave; and a computing section for calculating the magnitudes of positional displacement at multiple measuring points on the body tissue based on a signal obtained by the detecting section and calculating the greatest thickness difference between two of the measuring points and/or an elastic property based on the magnitudes of positional displacement.

Abstract: Unipolar, bipolar or sinusoidal transmitters may leave the transmitter in any of various states at the end of one pulse. Undesired acoustic energy may be generated to change states prior to beginning another transmit sequence or pulse. For example, phase inversion for tissue harmonic imaging is performed where two sequential pulses are transmitted with different phases. The first waveform starts at a low state and ends at the low state of a unipolar transmitter. The next waveform starts at the high state. Transmit apodization or spectrum control techniques may require a pattern of waveform starting states different than a current state. Acoustic disruption due to a change of state of the transmitter between transmissions for imaging is minimized.

Abstract: One embodiment is a method for real-time window processing and window definition that includes measuring a defining signal and an instantaneous tissue state signal, dynamically determining a time window from the defining signal, and processing instantaneous tissue state signal captured in the time window. Another embodiment is a system for processing a real-time ultrasound signal within a time window that includes a physiological signal monitor that measures a physiological signal, an ultrasound acquisition device that acquires an ultrasound signal, a window identifier that uses the physiological signal to identify boundary markers of the output of the physiological signal monitor that define a time window, and an ultrasound processor that processes the ultrasound signal within a time window and outputs a time window processed ultrasound signal. The embodiments have applications in the field of ultrasound tissue tracking and numerous other tissue monitoring fields.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for estimating bone age by at least one acoustic signal in an ossification-actuated skeletal structure. The apparatus includes an acoustic transmitter and an acoustic receiver positioned facing each other so that the structure is positioned between them. The structure has at least two bones. The transmitter is adapted for transmitting a signal to cross the structure transversely. An electronic moveable gantry is provided for adjusting the position of the acoustic transmitter and the acoustic receiver in relation to the structure. A computer system is enabled to perform one or more functions to position the moveable gantry; transmit the signal by the transmitter; control the signal transmitted by the transmitter; receive the transmitted signal by the receiver; and estimate bone age responsive to the received signal by at least one bone age calculation formula.

Abstract: An osteoporosis progress stage measuring device is configured such that an ultrasonic wave oscillating section (110) oscillates an ultrasonic wave that gives torsional vibration to a bone part of a subject (200), an ultrasonic wave detecting section (120) detects, through the subject (200), an ultrasonic wave attributed to the torsional vibration propagated through the bone part of the subject (200), a CPU (150) calculates, based on the detected ultrasonic wave attributed to the torsional vibration, an attenuation coefficient (attenuation ratio) and a sound speed of the ultrasonic wave, and calculates, based on the calculated attenuation coefficient and the sound speed, a characteristic indicating the progress stage of osteoporosis (bone age) in the bone part of the subject (200). Accordingly, the progress stage of osteoporosis can be measured quantitatively and adequately without placing a significant burden on a body of the subject.

Abstract: An ultrasound transceiver scans an organ and processes the echogenic signals to produce three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and one-dimensional information of the organ. The 3-D, 2-D, and 1-D information is utilized to determine the thickness, surface area, volume, and mass of the organ wall.

Abstract: A bone strength diagnostic device includes a wave-transmission module for deriving a speed of sound that transmits an ultrasonic wave from a wave-transmission transducer for deriving the speed of sound obliquely to a bone covered with soft tissues; a wave-reception module for deriving the speed of sound that receives, with a plurality of wave-reception transducers for deriving the speed of sound, the ultrasonic wave that exits from the bone to the side of the soft tissues, the ultrasonic wave being received after it is transmitted from the wave-transmission module for deriving the speed of sound and propagating along a front surface of the bone; a shape detection module for detecting the shape of the front surface of the bone; and a speed-of-sound deriving module for deriving the speed of sound of the ultrasonic wave that propagates along the front surface of the bone, based on the received wave signals, using the wave-reception module for deriving the speed of sound, and the shape of the front surface of the

Abstract: Ultrasound transducers are disclosed which focus acoustic energy at various focal locations while minimizing focal spot degradation and the generation of unwanted on-axis or off-axis energy concentrations through using a generally constant f-number at the various focal locations.

Abstract: A three-dimensional ultrasound imaging system color user interface generates a volumetrically-rendered ultrasound image. The ultrasound image is manipulable using three-dimensional image compositing functions. The interface presents to the user three-dimensional image controls for controlling the ultrasound image. The three-dimensional image controls have an operational similarity to two-dimensional image controls for controlling a two-dimensional ultrasound image. The interface further relates the three-dimensional ultrasound image controls to the plurality of three-dimensional image compositing functions for manipulating the ultrasound images.

Abstract: The invention is directed toward a new method for estimating and imaging the spatial and temporal mechanical behavior of materials in responses to a mechanical stimulus. This method is designed to work in inherently noisy applications, such as the imaging of the time-dependent mechanical behavior of biological tissues in vivo and using a preferred hand-held configuration of scanning.

Abstract: Local tissue areas should be thermally destroyed when using ultrasound thermotherapy. Traditionally, mono-frequency continuous wave ultrasound signals are used to this end. These lead to a non-optimal distribution of heat or to a non-optimal localization of the heating inside the tissue. In practice, the following dosage problem arises: the prevention of unwanted tissue damage in the tissue located in front of the target area while simultaneously having a sufficiently high damaging effect in the target area. The aim of the invention is to optimize the distribution of heat or to increase the localization of the heating. To these ends, modified transmitted signals (e.g. multi-frequency signals) are used that are adapted to a specific utilization of the non-linear ultrasound propagation and attenuation properties inside the tissue.

Abstract: A system and method for regional anesthesia using ultrasound to assist in locating the anesthetic needle are disclosed. One or more piezo-electric crystal transducers is placed either at the tip of the needle or near the tip of the needle on a stylet which is inserted into the lumen of the needle. The transducer(s) are pulsed with ultrasonic frequency, the reflected ultrasonic signals from structures are detected and converted into a digital signal and may be displayed in an oscilloscopic format to indicate anatomical structures forward to the needle and allow the medical professional to avoid errors and/or increase efficiency and accuracy. An array of transducers can be pulsed in a phased array fashion to generate a 2D image, or a single transducer can be pulsed to generate a 1D image.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed that facilitate characterizing vascular plaque tissue based upon spectral analysis of intravascular ultrasound echo signal segments. In particular, a power spectrum analysis of an integrated backscatter parameter renders a set of characterizing parameter values based on received intravascular ultrasound echo signal segments. The resulting parameter values are applied to plaque tissue characterization criteria to render a plaque tissue characterizations for regions of interest. The system and method include computer-executable instructions performed on a computing device to render an estimate of a system transfer function using a homomorphic deconvolution technique.

Abstract: A method of determining the real distance between an emitter/receiver face (212) of an imaging probe (2) and a target site, the probe emitting and receiving waves through a propagation medium and living tissue, the method comprising the following successive steps: determining the theoretical distance between the face and the target site when the face is separated from the target site only by the living tissue; determining a distance correction resulting from the fact that the emitted and received waves have passed through the propagation medium; and applying said correction to the theoretical distance so as to obtain the real distance.

Abstract: A transducer is used to send an ultrasound pulse toward a stone and to receive ultrasound reflections from the stone. The recorded time between a pulse that is reflected from the proximal surface and a pulse that is reflected either from the distal surface of the stone or from a surface supporting the stone is used to calculate the stone size. The size of the stone is a function of the time between the two pulses and the speed of sound through the stone (or through the surrounding fluid if the second pulse was reflected by the surface supporting the stone). This technique is equally applicable to measure the size of other in vivo objects, including soft tissue masses, cysts, uterine fibroids, tumors, and polyps.

Abstract: A method for detecting cavitation in an adipose tissue, the method comprising computing a level of correlation between at least two received ultrasonic signals, wherein the level of correlation is indicative of cavitation.

Abstract: Laser guided fixation system and method for assuring alignment, constant pressure, and stationary positioning during ultrasound measurement of the eye: The invention employs a stable multi-purpose platform that carries a prior art ultrasonic probe used to measure the axial length of the eye, a projected laser spot as a fixation device, a gravity dependent swing arm with dual levels to maintain constant orientation and adequate pressure on the eye during measurement and a headpiece which keeps the entire apparatus stationary in relation to the patient's head. The method for using the invention describes a protocol which results in accurate and reproducible axial length measurements by establishing a means for assuring proper orientation, controlled pressure, and stationary positioning during axial length measurement of the eye.

Abstract: An ultrasound transceiver scans an organ and processes the echogenic signals to produce three-dimensional, two-dimensional, and one-dimensional information of the organ. The 3-D, 2-D, and 1-D information is utilized to determine the thickness, surface area, volume, and mass of the organ wall.

Abstract: An ultrasonic image display method for displaying a composite image made from a B mode image and a tissue velocity image of an object taken by means of ultrasound. The method includes decreasing the weight of the B mode image while increasing the weight of the tissue velocity image, in response to increase of brightness of the B mode image, adding thus weighted B mode image and tissue velocity image, and displaying an image obtained by the addition.

Abstract: Ultrasonic strain measurements, which characterize the structure of tissue, may be obtained by combining multiple echo signals acquired at different compressions and at different angles. Such angular compounding may improve the quality of the elastic signal and provide at one time both an axial and lateral strain measurement.

Abstract: A method for the in vivo non-invasive characterization of the material and architectural properties of a bone in which an ultrasonic wave is introduced into a bone in such way as to produce one or more guided wave modes within the bone, and the signals emerging from the bone are stored and analyzed to determine the propagation characteristics of the guided wave/s. These measured guided wave propagation characteristics are then processed to obtain estimates of desired bone properties such as cortical thickness, bone density and bone elastic constants. The invention also includes an unltrasound arrangement with movable transducers.

Abstract: The present invention comprises an ultrasonic measuring device and method for measuring bone resorption and remodeling using Miniaturized Ultrasonic Transducers. An ultrasonic measuring device for insertion into hard tissue comprises an elongate member with an implant end of the elongate member and an acoustic transducer mounted from the interior of the elongate member at the implant end. The implant end of the ultrasonic measuring device is configured such that the acoustic transducer can measure, when inserted into a hard tissue, variations of the hard tissue using ultrasonic wave propagation. The method of taking measurements of bone resorption and remodeling includes taking measurements of a healthy region and remodeling region of a bone using ultrasonic wave propagation; and calculating the variations in the bone's density and its elasticity along the bone's length a) in the healthy region and b) in the remodeling region.

Abstract: An ultrasonic method for indicating a characteristic of intracranial components' volume changes includes the transmission of broadband ultrasound from a transmitting transducer positioned on one side of a human head to a receiving transducer located on another side of the human head with decomposition of the received signal into narrowband components and determination therefrom of group delay, phase angle and attenuation as a basis for derivation of the characteristic of the intracranial media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for measuring thicknesses of materials of multilayered structure. This method includes transmitting one or more ultrasound signals including different frequencies into a multilayered structure consisting of two or more materials with one or more ultrasound transducers, measuring materials, acoustic properties for which are different at the frequencies in use, measuring ultrasound signals reflected from the front surface and back surface of the multilayered structure with one or more ultrasound transducer and determining thicknesses of the materials within multilayered structure from the reflected ultrasound signals.

Abstract: A bone strength measuring instrument and method is provided for obtaining thickness values of cortical bone, cancellous bone and tissue in a human body part by applying an ultrasonic wave to a measured portion of the human body. Ultrasonic transmitters and receivers can be positioned in contact with the human body to provide a set thickness for the human body while processing the received signals transmitted through and reflected from the human body portions to determine a first wave higher in speed and a second wave lower in speed. Prior to making the measurements, a preliminary measurement procedure can be utilized to optimize the desired measurement site. An acoustic speed of the second wave in a cancellous bone can be assumed to be constant and transit times can be calculated and respective thickness values of the soft tissue of cortical bone and cancellous bone can be determined to indicate the bone strength.

Abstract: An ultrasound transceiver scans a bladder in a three dimensional array to measure the thickness and surface area of the bladder to determine bladder mass. The bladder wall thickness and masses may be determined for anterior, posterior, and lateral locations of the bladder.

Abstract: A hand-held 3D ultrasound instrument is disclosed which is used to non-invasively and automatically measure amniotic fluid volume in the uterus requiring a minimum of operator intervention. Using a 2D image-processing algorithm, the instrument gives automatic feedback to the user about where to acquire the 3D image set. The user acquires one or more 3D data sets covering all of the amniotic fluid in the uterus and this data is then processed using an optimized 3D algorithm to output the total amniotic fluid volume corrected for any fetal head brain volume contributions.

Abstract: The object is to determine an optimum sonic speed without requiring memory, circuits and processing time therefor. The object is achieved by providing an ultrasonic diagnosis apparatus having an ultrasonic probe in which a plurality of elements for transmitting an ultrasonic wave to a subject and, by receiving an ultrasonic signal reflected from the subject, outputting the received signal are arrayed; a device which changes an assumed sonic speed set in advance relative to the actual sonic speed of the ultrasonic wave to be transmitted to the subject; and an optimum sonic speed judgment device which judges a micro-structure by an RF signal obtained from the received signal by changing the assumed sonic speed and performing focusing with a delay based on the assumed sonic speed, and judges an optimum sonic speed, which is the ultrasonic speed of the subject, from phase information about the RF signal judged to be the micro-structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides an ultrasound diagnostic apparatus capable of appropriately evaluating dynamic characteristics of a bone. The ultrasound diagnostic apparatus obtains an interpolated line 52a representing a bone surface shape based on echo signals obtained from ultrasonic beams transmitted to a surface of the bone on which a load is applied. A user inputs an outer diameter ? of the bone which can be stored in a memory. The ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS calculates a distortion ? which represents an expansion/contraction rate in an axial direction on the bone surface to which the load is applied, based on the interpolated line 52a and the bone outer diameter ?. The distortion ? is equal to a ratio defined by x/(x+dx)=r/(r+dr)=r/(r+1/2?), wherein x represents a length of the bone surface in a measurement range (i.e., length of the interpolated line 52a) and x+dx represents a length of a neutral axis 52b of the bone.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring an inner diameter of a tubular body present under a skin of a living being, by emitting an ultrasonic wave from an ultrasonic probe placed on the skin, the apparatus including a reflection-signal detecting portion which detects a reflection signal that is reflected from the tubular body when the ultrasonic wave is emitted from the ultrasonic probe; and an inner-diameter calculating portion which calculates the inner diameter of the tubular body, based on an interval between two groups of reflection waves which are contained by the detected reflection signal and which are reflected from two diametrically opposed portions of a wall of the tubular body, respectively.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic urinary volume sensor capable of estimating a urinary volume in the bladder accurately corresponding to any particular individuals and/or conditions thereof by incorporating a space time series processing method allowing for an accurate estimation of the urinary volume in the bladder in association with the particular individuals and/or conditions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an ultrasound system. The ultrasound system of the present invention includes an ultrasound diagnostic unit, a storage unit, an image acquisition unit, a pattern recognition unit, and a control unit. The ultrasound diagnostic unit forms an ultrasound image representative of a target object. The storage unit stores training sets in association with respective instructions for operating the ultrasound diagnostic unit. Each of the training sets includes pattern samples associated with a particular action of a user. The image acquisition unit acquires an action of a user to form an action image. The pattern recognition unit recognizes an action pattern from the action image. The control unit retrieves the training sets stored in the storage unit to find a pattern sample having a match with the recognized action pattern.

Abstract: A method is provided for measuring the run time of an ultrasonic pulse in the determination of the flow velocity of a gas in a breathing gas volume flow sensor (1). The breathing gas volume flow sensor (1) has a flow duct (3) with a measuring section, wherein the measuring section is arranged in parallel to or at an angle (?) smaller than 90° to the flow duct (3). The measuring section has an ultrasound transmitter (5) and an ultrasound receiver (7). The method determines the run time of the ultrasonic pulse from the receiving signal spectrum without the damping of the ultrasonic pulse having an effect on the run time measurement by an ultrasonic pulse being triggered by a transmitting pulse at the ultrasound transmitter (5). The ultrasound receiver (7) sends a receiving signal and the receiving signal is recorded as a first receiving signal data record as a function of time after the transmitting pulse.

Abstract: An ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus by which highly quantitative IMT (intima media thickness) measurement with little variations depending on examiners can be performed. The ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus includes: an ultrasonic probe for transmitting ultrasonic waves to an object to be inspected and receiving ultrasonic echoes generated by reflection of the ultrasonic waves in the object to output reception signals; a signal processing unit for performing at least envelope detection processing on the reception signals outputted from the ultrasonic probe to generate envelope data; a boundary detecting unit for detecting two boundaries representing intima media of a blood vessel based on difference or differential of values of the envelope data and amounts of change in the values of the envelope data; and an IMT calculating unit for calculating an IMT of the blood vessel based on the two boundaries detected by the boundary detecting unit.

Abstract: Non-invasive methods for determining the cardiovascular status of an individual comprising measuring the thickness of the artery intima layer and/or the artery media layer and determining the cardiovascular status of the individual based on the thickness of the intima layer and/or the intima to media (I/M) thickness ratio are provided.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for non-invasive bone evaluation based on a broadband ultrasonic transducer emitting a train of ultrasonic wave packets of multiple carrier frequencies ranging from about 50 kHz to about 2 MHz. Receiving broadband ultrasonic transducer accepts broadband ultrasonic signal propagated through the bone. Computer processing means provide for data analysis and feature extraction allowing diagnostic evaluation of the bone, including comparing the features of the received signal to a database of known bone conditions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a structural and mechanical model and modeling methods for human bone based on bone's hierarchical structure and on its hierarchical mechanical behavior. The model allows for the assessment of bone deformations, computation of strains and stresses due to the specific forces acting on bone during function, and contemplates forces that do or do not cause viscous effects and forces that cause either elastic or plastic bone deformation.

Abstract: An infant hydration monitor includes a hand-held probe equipped with a pair of arms extending from a housing and incorporating a broadband ultrasonic transmitter and receiver. The arms include finger openings allowing the user to adjust the distance between the transducers by manipulating the probe using fingers placed in these openings. Each transducer is mounted on a force meter so that the skin contact pressure is monitored and optionally communicated to the user using a two-color LED. Sliding distance measuring means similar to the digital caliper are incorporated into the housing to allow the probe to generate a signal indicating the distance between the transducers. A display unit optionally worn on a wrist is attached to the probe and is adapted to calculate the hydration status of an infant.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided to analyze a dual wall structure having at least one hollow core therein and having the same unknown material sound velocities in walls and in post as well. A transducer is located in at least two different positions with respect to the structure, whereby the transducer propagates an ultrasonic wave toward the dual wall structure. A portion of the ultrasonic wave is reflected back to the transducer. One wave traverses a portion of the dual wall structure that has a core filled with a medium having a known material acoustic property. A second wave traverses a portion of the post that has an unknown material sound velocity. From time of flight measurements of the above mentioned waves, the wall thickness and core shift, if any, can be determined.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a structural and mechanical model and modeling methods for human bone based on bone's hierarchical structure and on its hierarchical mechanical behavior. The model allows for the assessment of bone deformations, computation of strains and stresses due to the specific forces acting on bone during function, and contemplates forces that do or do not cause viscous effects and forces that cause either elastic or plastic bone deformation.

Abstract: With the beam scanning probe system for surgery, a pointer indicating the observation point of a beam scanning probe is superimposed upon an image of a lesion to be operated on in the head which is obtained via a TV camera or a surgery microscope, and the superimposed image information is registered as such in an image recording device. With the beam scanning probe system for surgery, information of a cytological picture is also registered in the image recording device. With the beam scanning probe system for surgery, the image recording device registers the two image information in a paired fashion. Through this arrangement, the beam scanning probe system for surgery can smoothly locate, for a given cytological picture, a site of a tumor to be treated from which the picture was obtained, which will ease the operation.